ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
170
SPEECH STYLES AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS
Absattarova Oygul Raximjon qizi
Student of Andijan Branch of Kokand University.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17532707
Abstract
. This article analyzes the types of speech styles, their main characteristics, and
scope of application. Speech styles are animportant part of literary language, serving to express
various socio-political, scientific, spiritual, and everyday needs ofsociety. Each style has its own
lexical, grammatical, and stylistic features that help convey the content of speech
clearly,fluently, and effectively. The article highlights the specific aspects of scientific, formal,
journalistic, artistic, andconversational styles.
Keywords:
Speech, conversational style, literary conversational style, simple
conversational style, journalistic style,artistic style.
Аннотация
. В данной статье анализируются типы речевых стилей, их основные
признаки и сфера применения. Речевыестили являются важной частью литературного
языка, они служат для выражения различных общественно-политических, научных,
духовных и бытовых потребностей общества. Каждый стиль имеет свои
лексические,грамматические и стилистические особенности, которые помогают четко,
бегло и эффективно передатьсодержание речи. В статье раскрываются особенности
научного, официально-публицистического художественного и разговорного стилей.
Ключевые слова:
Речь, разговорный стиль, литературно-разговорный стиль,
простой разговорный стиль,публицистический стиль, художественный стиль.
Annotatsiya
. Mazkur maqolada nutq uslublarining turlari, ularning asosiy belgilari va
qo'llanish doiralari tahlil qilingan. Nutquslublari adabiy tilning muhim qismi bo'lib, ular
jamiyatning turli ijtimoiy-siyosiy, ilmiy, ma'naviy va maishiyehtiyojlarini ifodalashda xizmat
qiladi. Har bir uslubning o'ziga xos leksik, grammatik va uslubiy xususiyatlari mavjudbo'lib,
ular nutqning mazmunini aniq, ravon va ta'sirchan yetkazishga yordam beradi. Maqolada ilmiy,
rasmiy,publitsistik, badiiy va so'zlashuv uslublarining o'ziga xos jihatlari yoritilgan.
Kalit so'zlar:
Nutq, so'zlashuv uslubi, adabiy so'zlashuv uslubi, oddiy so'zlashuv uslubi,
publitsistik uslub, badiiy uslub.
Introduction
Speech is the manifestation of language in the processes of expressing and exchanging
thoughts, representing a specificform of life as a distinct type of social activity. Speech refers to
its oral (vocal) and written manifestations, namely thespeaking process and its results (speech
thoughts and works preserved in memory or recorded in writing).
In linguistic theory, the concept of speech is contrasted with the abstract concept of
language, which is considered asystem of expressive means accepted in a particular language
community, and with the more general concept of languageas one of the most characteristic
manifestations of social existence (life). Actual speech (external speech), which servesto convey
information and messages to other people in order to influence their behavior and activities,
emerges in theform of articulation of linguistic signs perceived by auditory organs (recorded and
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
171
reproduced with the help of soundrecording devices) or in the form of conditional representation
of these signs in writing.
Alongside actual speech ("external speech"), there is also internal speech. It is directed at
discussing and solving variousproblems that aid cognition in the speaker's mind. Internal speech
occurs on the basis of external speech, without the use of sound or writing, in the form of mental
processes that proceed with clear representations of words in vocal speech.
Written speech differs from oral speech in being somewhat more structured, with words
carefully selected,grammatically precise yet complex in form, and lacking the direct use of
intonation, facial expressions, and gesturescharacteristic of oral speech. There are monologic and
dialogic types of speech. Besides the communicative function, speech can also perform other
functions, including the poetic function.
A specialform of speech is reading. Each person's speech has individual, unique
characteristics; although the basic elements of language – vocabulary andgrammatical structure –
do not belong solely to individuals but are common, that is, they belong to a particular
languagecommunity in general. Speech is closely connected with human thinking and
consciousness. A person's thoughts areformed and exist in speech. Through speech and on the
basis of speech, logical conceptual thinking becomes possible,which reflects reality in a
generalized abstract manner and, going beyond individuality, becomes a social product. Speechis
also of great importance in the manifestation and functioning of other aspects of human
psychology – sensations,perception, memory, imagination, emotions, will, and others – and in
the development of human consciousness.Depending on the sphere of application, speech takes
such forms as artistic speech, scientific speech, and formal speech.In any form and under any
circumstances, clarity, fluency, simplicity, and expressiveness should remain the mostimportant
characteristics of speech.
Speech styles are divided into 5 types: conversational style, literary conversational style,
simple conversational style, journalistic style and artistic style. Conversational style is the most
ancient among speech styles. This style existed even before writing appeared.Conversation is
characterized by the following distinctive features: This form of speech emerges on the basis
ofspontaneity depending on the situation and is formed with the help of pauses, facial
expressions, and intonation. Literary conversational style conforms to all norms of literary
language. Literary conversational language is concise,consisting of short sentences, and is a style
free from dialectal words as well as lexical means characteristic of otherinactive layers. Simple
conversational style is an informal style that does not conform to literary language norms and
arises on the basisof speed, spontaneity, and lack of deliberation. Its norms are not established;
the style is formed on the basis of naturalfreedom and is rich in emotionality. Journalism (from
Latin "people, masses") serves to convey the most important and urgent issues of the time to
readers,listeners, and viewers through newspapers, magazines, radio, and television, to animate
the public, to instill awareness ofevents occurring around them in people's consciousness, and to
shape their social views. The speech style used in massmedia (newspapers, magazines, radio,
television), at sessions of the Supreme Assembly, and at various meetings isconsidered the
journalistic style. Artistic style (the function of language's influence, propaganda and promotion)
encompasses all aspects of human life.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
172
This style differs from other styles in its accessibility to all and its emotional impact on
readers and listeners. The language of artistic literature, or artistic style, occupies a special place
in literary language. In artistic style, all meansof folk language are freely used. The main features
of artistic style
Various figurative devices are employed, including epithets, comparisons, hyperbole,
irony, simile, and so on.
In the midst of the steppe,
The sun looks down smiling.
Combing the washed,
Hair of the willows. (E. Vohidov)
In these verses, the poet uses the method of personification in artistic depiction, applying
actions characteristic ofhumans – smiling (looks down smiling) and combing (combing the hair)
– to the sun.
Conclusion
Speech styles play a vital role in shaping the communicative culture of society. They
demonstrate not only the richness and expressive capacity of language but also its ability to adapt
to different social, scientific, and cultural contexts. Each style serves a specific communicative
purpose — for example, the scientific style ensures accuracy and logical consistency; the formal
style provides clarity and discipline in official communication; the journalistic style delivers
information persuasively and dynamically; the artistic style enriches human emotions through
imagery and aesthetic impact; while the conversational style facilitates everyday interaction and
mutual understanding. The effective use of these styles helps individuals express their ideas in
accordance with the situation, audience, and purpose of communication. In this regard, the study
of speech styles is essential not only for linguists but also for teachers, journalists, writers, and
all language users. The ability to consciously select an appropriate speech style strengthens the
expressiveness, persuasiveness, and cultural refinement of one’s language. Furthermore,
mastering different speech styles contributes to the development of linguistic competence,
critical thinking, and communicative creativity. It enables individuals to navigate between formal
and informal contexts with confidence, maintaining both clarity and emotional depth. Therefore,
speech styles should be taught and practiced as a key component of linguistic education,
fostering a generation of speakers who can use their language effectively, beautifully, and
responsibly in every sphere of life.
References
1.
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Speech
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutq\
2.
Z. Ashurova. Application of the Uzbek Language in the Field. Educational Manual.
Samarkand SamIOI Publishing. 2021, 120 pages.
3.
Young Guard Publishing House: From E. Vohidov's poem "I Missed You."
