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LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE
Boltayeva Maftuna Berdi qizi
Qarshi State University, Faculty
of foreign languages, student of
foreign language and literature
Annotatsiya:
O‘zbek tili turkiy tillar oilasiga mansub bo‘lib, Markaziy Osiyoda
keng tarqalgan va millionlab odamlar tomonidan ona tili sifatida so‘zlashiladi. Bu til
o‘zining boy tarixi, o‘ziga xos fonetik, morfologik, sintaktik va leksik xususiyatlari
bilan ajralib turadi. O‘zbek tilining lingvistik xususiyatlarini chuqur tushunish uchun
uning turli qatlamlarini va tilshunoslik nuqtai nazaridan muhim bo‘lgan jihatlarini
ko‘rib chiqish zarur. Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek tilining lingvistik xususiyatlari haqida
ma'lumotlar berilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar:
til, tilshunoslik, nutq, so'z, ma’no, morfologik tizimlar, lingvistik
xususiyatlar, tovush.
Аннотация:
Узбекский язык относится к тюркской языковой семье,
широко распространен в Средней Азии и является родным языком миллионов
людей. Этот язык отличается богатой историей, уникальными фонетическими,
морфологическими, синтаксическими и лексическими особенностями. Для того
чтобы глубоко понять языковые особенности узбекского языка, необходимо
рассмотреть его различные пласты и аспекты, важные с лингвистической точки
зрения. В данной статье представлена информация о языковых особенностях
узбекского языка.
Ключевые слова:
язык, языкознание, речь, слово, значение,
морфологические системы, языковые особенности, звук.
Abstract:
The Uzbek language belongs to the Turkic language family, is
widespread in Central Asia and is spoken as a native language by millions of people.
This language is distinguished by its rich history, unique phonetic, morphological,
syntactic and lexical features. In order to deeply understand the linguistic features of
the Uzbek language, it is necessary to consider its various layers and aspects that are
important from a linguistic point of view. This article provides information on the
linguistic features of the Uzbek language.
Keywords:
language, linguistics, speech, word, meaning, morphological
systems, linguistic features, sound.
INTRODUCTION
Language is one of the most basic tools of human culture and serves to express
the opinion, feelings, worldview of the people. The Uzbek language also successfully
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ISSN:3030-3613
copes with this task with its rich vocabulary wealth, grammatical system and
methodological capabilities. In the field of linguistics, the study of the Uzbek language
is important not only in determining the identity of the language, but also in
determining the ways of its development, in shaping the national language policy.
Therefore, it is necessary to study the linguistic features of the Uzbek language, to
conduct an in-depth analysis of all its layers, from its phonetic system to syntax and
lexicon. This serves to further develop the language, adapt to modern requirements,
and strengthen its place in the international arena. This article will consider in detail
the main linguistic features of the Uzbek language, study the structural and functional
aspects of the language.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The phonetic system is one of the most important features of the Uzbek
language. Uzbek has its own system of consonant and vowel sounds, which determines
the pronunciation of the language and the culture of speech. Among consonants, soft
consonants and hard consonants are clearly distinguished. Also in Uzbek, vowel
sounds consist of seven main vowel sounds, which differ in pronunciation. The
peculiarity of these sounds further enriches the phonetic features of the Uzbek
language. The intonation and stress system are also important in Uzbek, helping to
express the meaning of speech accurately. Morphology is another important part of the
Uzbek language. In Uzbek, word-making, form changes of words and their
grammatical categories are expressed in a clear and systematic way. It is an
agglutinative language, meaning that new meanings are generated by adding suffixes
to words. Uzbek has word derivatives such as noun, verb, adjective, number, pronoun,
each with its own morphological characteristics. For example, in verbs, grammatical
categories such as tense, person, plural are expressed using suffixes. When making a
word, different suffixes are added to the root word to form new words, increasing the
lexical wealth of the language. Syntax studies the position of words within a sentence
and their interrelationship in Uzbek. In Uzbek, word order is usually in SOV (subject-
object-verb) order, which is a common feature of Turkic languages. Syntactic units,
that is, sentences and sentences, are based on specific grammatical rules in Uzbek. The
interrelationship of words in sentences and their role in the expression of meaning are
important. In Uzbek, the sentence structure is flexible in most cases, and the meaning
and stress of the sentence can be changed by changing the word order. The syntactic
freedom of this language extends the means of expression of speech.[1]
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The lexical system constitutes the wealth and variety of the Uzbek language.
While many words in Uzbek have a Turkic root, it also makes extensive use of
loanwords from Arabic, Persian, Russian, French, and other languages. It exaggerates
the lexical richness of the language, showing its cultural and historical connections.
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Uzbek has lexical units such as synonyms, antonyms, phraseological units, which make
speech richer and more expressive. Different layers of lexical units represent the
modern and traditional image of the language. The grammatical features of the Uzbek
language are closely related to its syntactic and morphological systems, forming the
structural units of the language. There are different grammatical forms and categories
of words in Uzbek, which ensure that speech is clear and fluent. For example, verbs
have forms such as tense, person, plural, ravish, which clearly define the meaning of
the word. The plural and possessive forms of nouns are also widely used in Uzbek. The
stylistic features of the Uzbek language also complement its linguistic aspects. The
methodological layers of language determine how speech is expressed in different
situations. Uzbek has different stylistic directions, such as formal, informal, artistic,
scientific, popular style, each with its own vocabulary, grammatical forms and means
of expression. This stylistic variety expands the communicative capabilities of the
language and makes it more enriching.[2]
Dialectological features of the Uzbek language also occupy an important place
in the linguistic analysis of the language. Uzbek has dialects spoken in different
regions, differing in pronunciation, lexicon, and sometimes grammatical features.
These dialects reflect the historical development and geographical distribution of the
language. Dialects constitute a rich cultural heritage of the Uzbek language and require
special attention in linguistics. The written culture of the Uzbek language is also
important in highlighting its linguistic features. The script of the Uzbek language
historically used Arabic, Latin and Cyrillic scripts. Latin script is now used as the main
writing system. Changes in the writing system serve to promote the development of the
language, its position in the international arena. Written language has its own
grammatical and stylistic features, which ensure that speech is clear and
understandable. The study of the linguistic features of the Uzbek language is of great
importance in the fields of linguistics, Literary Studies, Cultural Studies and pedagogy.
The richness and uniqueness of this language increases interest in learning it, gives
impetus to the development and maintenance of the language. An in-depth study of the
linguistic aspects of the Uzbek language plays an important role in the transmission of
the language to future generations, its recognition in the international arena.[3](
CONCLUSION
Thus, Uzbek is a linguistically rich, complex, and distinctive language whose
phonetic, morphological, syntactic, lexical, grammatical, methodological, and
dialectological characteristics make up the identity of the language. An in-depth
understanding and study of these features serves to advance, preserve and further
enrich the language. It is necessary that the Uzbek language be studied and developed
linguistically continuously so that it has its place not only as an integral part of the
national culture, but also internationally.
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REFERENCES
1.
Abdullayev, M. (2021). Phonetics and Phonology of the Uzbek language. Tashkent:
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2.
Bektemirov, S. (2022). Morphological system of the Uzbek language. Tashkent:
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3.
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4.
Nurmuhamedov, A. (2020). Lexicon and phraseology of the Uzbek language.
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5.
Rashidov, D. (2024). Stylistic features of the Uzbek language. Tashkent: Tashkent
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Yusupova, L. (2023). Historical development and linguistic features of the Uzbek
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