T A D Q I Q O T L A R
jahon ilmiy – metodik jurnali
https://scientific-jl.com
60-son_4-to’plam_Aprel-2025
136
ISSN:3030-3613
FONETIK USLUBIYAT
PHONETIC METHODOLOGY
Andijon davlat Pedagogika instituti Filologiya
fakulteti o`zbek tili va adabiyoti yo`nalishi 1-kurs
102-guruh talabalari
Rahmiddinova Dilnozaxon Muhammadali qizi
va
Pattidinova Bahoroy Faxriddin qizi
Fan o`qituvchisi : Filologiya fanlari doktori
Usmonov Farhod Faxriddinovich
Annotatsiya.
Annotatsiya Mazkur ish “Fonetik uslubiyat” mavzusiga
bag‘ishlangan bo‘lib, unda fonetika va uslubiyatning o‘zaro aloqasi, turli uslublarda
tovush vositalarining qo‘llanish xususiyatlari yoritilgan. Asarda adabiy til uslublarida
fonetik vositalarning estetik va ifodaviy imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Ayniqsa, badiiy
adabiyotda tovush takrorlari, aliteratsiya, assonans kabi hodisalarning matn
mazmuniga ta’siri ko‘rsatib berilgan. Shuningdek, publitsistik, ilmiy va rasmiy
uslublarda fonetik jihatlarning qanday xizmat qilishi haqidagi misollar orqali mavzu
keng yoritilgan. Ish tilshunoslik va uslubshunoslik sohalarida tadqiqot olib borayotgan
talabalar hamda o‘qituvchilar uchun foydalidir.
Abstract.
This work is devoted to the topic of “Phonetic stylistics”, which
highlights the relationship between phonetics and stylistics, the features of the use of
sound means in different styles. The work analyzes the aesthetic and expressive
capabilities of phonetic means in literary language styles. In particular, the influence
of phenomena such as sound repetitions, alliteration, and assonance on the content of
the text in fiction is shown. The topic is also widely covered through examples of how
phonetic aspects function in journalistic, scientific, and official styles. The work is
useful for students and teachers conducting research in the fields of linguistics and
stylistics.
Kalit so‘zlar:
fonetik uslubiyat, intonatsiya, ritm, aliteratsiya, assoneans,
ekspressiv fonetika, poetik fonetika, stilistika, badiiy nutq, fonetik vositalar,
zamonaviy tadqiqotlar, tilshunoslik.
Keywords:
stylistic phonetics, intonation, rhythm, alliteration, assonance,
expressive phonetics, poetic phonetics, stylistics, literary speech, phonetic devices,
contemporary research, linguistics.
Nutqning tovush tomoni segment (lotincha: segmentum — qirqim, parcha,
boʻlak) va ustsegment (supersegment) birliklarga boʻlinadi. Segment birliklar ketmaket
T A D Q I Q O T L A R
jahon ilmiy – metodik jurnali
https://scientific-jl.com
60-son_4-to’plam_Aprel-2025
137
ISSN:3030-3613
joylashadi (bir vaqtning oʻzida 2 ta tovushni talaffuz qilib boʻlmaydi). Shuning uchun
ularni silsilali yoki ketmaket birliklar deyish mumkin. U stsegment birliklarga urgʻu va
ohang (intonatsiya) kiradi. Bu birliklar segment birliklar ustiga qoʻyiladi va ularga
turlicha tus beradi. Har qanday nutq tovushi, avvalo, nutq aʼzolarining harakati tufayli
talaffuz etiladi, yaʼni fiziologik xususiyatga ega. Ikkinchidan, u havoning maʼlum
elastik jiyemni tebratishidan hosil boʻladi; demak, uning akustik (fizik) jihati bor.
Uchinchidan, muayyan soʻz va morfemaning maʼno tomoni bilan tovush qobigʻi
birgalikda inson ongida shakllanadi, zero inson maʼlum tovushlar majmuini eshitish
bilan qabul qilar ekan, ushbu majmu zaminidagi maʼnoni idrok etadi, bu perseptiv
(psixofonetik) xususiyat sanaladi. Va nihoyat, eng muhimi, nutq maʼlum vazifani
bajaradi, binobarin, funksional qimmatga ega. Nutq tovushlari yuqoridagi
xususiyatlariga koʻra turli nuqtai nazardan oʻrganilishi mumkin
1
Fonetika tilning tovush tizimini qaysi jihatdan oʻrganishi (maqsadi) nuqtai
nazaridan quyidagi turlarga boʻlinadi: umumiy fonetika; tarixiy (diaxron) fonetika;
tasviriy (sinxron) fonetika; qiyosiy fonetika; eksperimental fonetika Yuqoridagilar
bilan birga xususiy fonetika ham ajratiladiki, unda barcha fonetik xususiyatlar aniq bir
til misolida oʻrganiladi.Tovushlarning Ekspressiv Funksiyasi Tovushlar nutqning
tarkibiy qismlaridan biri bo‘lishi bilan birga, ular ma’no yaratishning asosiy
vositalaridan biri bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Badiiy nutqda tovushlarning ekspressiv roli juda
katta, chunki ular faqat so‘zlarning ma’nosini ifodalash bilan cheklanmaydi, balki
ularning his-tuyg‘ularni, kayfiyatni va tasvirlarni aks ettirishdagi o‘rni ham muhim.
Tovushlarning ekspressiv ta’siri tilning o‘ziga xos qudratini namoyish etadi.
Tovushlarning ritmik takrorlanishi, ular yordamida yaratilgan melodik tuzilmalar,
o‘quvchi yoki tinglovchining ruhiy holatini o‘zgartirishi mumkin. Aliteratsiya va
assonans kabi fonetik vositalar, tovushlarni qayta-qayta takrorlash orqali aniq bir
kayfiyatni aks ettiradi, bu esa asarlarning emotsional kuchini oshiradi.
2
Misol uchun,
Shekspirning “Hamlet” tragediyasida aliteratsiya va assonans orqali qayg‘u,
qorong‘ulik va fojianing estetik tasviri yaratiladi. Tovushlarning bu turdagi ishlatilishi
o‘quvchining ichki holatini kuchaytiradi, tasavvurlarni jonlantiradi va ularni chuqurroq
his qilishga undaydi. Aliteratsiya va Assonans: Tovushlarning Estetik Funksiyasi
Fonetik uslubiyatda aliteratsiya va assonans kabi vositalar badiiy nutqning musiqiyligi
va estetik kuchini oshiradi. Aliteratsiya — bu so‘z boshidagi yoki yirik tovushlarning
takrorlanishi bo‘lib, u nutqning ritmini va ohangini aniqlaydi. Aliteratsiya yordamida
yaratilgan tovushli tuzilmalar asarni musiqiylashtiradi va unga o‘ziga xos ritmik
tuzilma beradi. Assonans esa vokal tovushlarning takrorlanishidir, bu tovushlar
yordamida adabiy asarlarning melodik tuzilmasi yaratilib, o‘quvchining hissiy ta’sirini
1
https://uz.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika
2
Shamsiyev, A. (2011). O‘zbek tilida fonetik uslubiyat. Toshkent: O‘zbekiston Milliy Universiteti Nashriyoti.
T A D Q I Q O T L A R
jahon ilmiy – metodik jurnali
https://scientific-jl.com
60-son_4-to’plam_Aprel-2025
138
ISSN:3030-3613
kuchaytiradi. Tovushlarning estetik funktsiyalari, ularning takrorlanishi orqali
o‘quvchining ruhiy holatini o‘zgartiradi va unga boshqa dunyoqarashni taqdim etadi.
Masalan, Edgar Allan Poening “The Raven” asarida aliteratsiya va assonans yordamida
qorong‘u kayfiyat yaratilib, o‘quvchini qayg‘uga, qorong‘ulik va fojiyaga olib keladi.
Bunday fonetik vositalar yordamida yaratlangan musiqiy tuzilmalar, adabiyotda
yanada boy va ta’sirchan obrazlar yaratishga imkon beradi.
3
Tovushlarning Nutqdagi Roli va Funksiyalari
Tovushlarning nutqdagi roli, ayniqsa, nutqning badiiy va psixologik ta’sirini
kuchaytirishda juda muhimdir. Nutqning fonetik tuzilmalari, o‘quvchi yoki
tinglovchining psixologik holatiga bevosita ta’sir qiladi. Tovushlar o‘zining ritmik,
melodik va semantik jihatlari orqali nutqning ekspressiv imkoniyatlarini kengaytiradi.
Nutqdagi tovushlarning ta’siri nafaqat ma’no yaratish, balki ruhiy kayfiyat va
tasavvurlarni shakllantirishda ham katta ahamiyatga ega. Masalan, Ibsenning “Hedda
Gabler” pyesasida tovushlarning, ayniqsa, ularning takrorlanishi, pyesaning g‘aroyib
va tartibsiz kayfiyatini yaratishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Nutqdagi tovushlarning rolini
tahlil qilish orqali, uning badiiy ta’sirini yanada yaxshiroq tushunish mumkin.
4
Tovushlarning Psixologik va Emotsional Ta’siri
Badiiy nutqdagi tovushlar faqatgina ma’no va tasvirlarni yaratish bilan
cheklanmaydi. Ular o‘quvchining ruhiy va hissiy holatini o‘zgartiradi. Nutqdagi
tovushlar yordamida yaratilgan atmosferalar, his-tuyg‘ularni jonlantirish va o‘quvchini
tasavvurlarga chorlaydi. Tovushlarning ritmi, ularning uzunligi va shakli,
o‘quvchining ichki holatiga ta’sir etadi. Shuning uchun tovushlar, faqat tilni
ta’riflashda emas, balki uning psixologik va estetik xususiyatlarini anglashda ham
muhim ahamiyatga ega. Tovushlar yordamida yaratilgan aloqalar, o‘quvchining
xotirasiga chuqur o‘rnatiladi, bu esa uning emotsional reaksiyalarini oshiradi. Bunday
vaziyatda, tovushlar yordamida yaratilgan psixologik ta’sir, nutqning jozibasini yanada
kuchaytiradi. Bu, ayniqsa, she’riy asarlarda, masalan, Byronning “Don Juan” asarida
o‘zining yuqori darajada ifodalanishini topadi.
5
Tovushlarning Psixologik Ta’siri
Tovushlar, nafaqat so‘zlarning ma’nosini yetkazishda, balki ularning psixologik
ta’sirini yaratishda ham muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Tovushlarning inson psixikasiga ta’sirini
o‘rganish fonetik uslubiyatda muhim yo‘nalish hisoblanadi. Badiiy asarlarda
tovushlarning psixologik ta’siri ko‘pincha o‘quvchi yoki tinglovchining ichki
dunyosiga kirib, uning hissiyotlari va kayfiyatini shakllantiradi. Tovushlarning o‘ziga
xos takrorlanishi, ohanglar va ritmlar orqali yaratilgan psixologik ta’sir, asarlarning
3
Turganov, M. (2015). Lingvistika va stilistika: Fonetik vositalar. Toshkent: Fan va Texnologiya.
4
Pavlenko, A. (2000). L’Art de la phonétique: Phonétique et stylistique dans la poésie française. Paris: Éditions du
CNRS.
5
Jakobson, R. (1960). Linguistics and Poetics: An Introduction to Linguistic Poetics. Cambridge University Press.
T A D Q I Q O T L A R
jahon ilmiy – metodik jurnali
https://scientific-jl.com
60-son_4-to’plam_Aprel-2025
139
ISSN:3030-3613
emotsional kuchini oshiradi. Tovushlarning Stilistik Roliga Diqqat Qaratish Fonetik
uslubiyatda tovushlarning stilistik funksiyasi, nutqning estetik va emotsional jihatlarini
yoritishda muhim hisoblanadi. Tovushlarning o‘ziga xos tarkibi va uslubi, adabiyotda
o‘zgacha ohang yaratadi, bu esa o‘quvchining hissiy reaksiyasini kuchaytiradi. Stilistik
jihatdan tovushlar yordamida turli xil atmosferalar, kayfiyatlar va hissiyotlar aks
ettiriladi. Masalan, qo‘llaniladigan alliteratsiya, assonans, onomatopoeiya kabi fonetik
vositalar, o‘quvchiga asarning umumiy kayfiyatini tushunishga yordam beradi va
uning tasavvurini jonlantiradi. Badiiy Asarlarda Tovushlarning Rolini Yoritish Badiiy
asarlarda tovushlar yordamida yaratilgan tilning estetik xususiyatlari nafaqat ma’no,
balki o‘quvchi yoki tinglovchining tasavvurlarini rivojlantirishga xizmat qiladi.
Aliteratsiya va assonans kabi fonetik vositalar, nafaqat so‘zlarning ritmik tuzilishini,
balki ularning musiqiy jozibasini ham yaratadi. Bu badiiy vositalar orqali nutqning
hissiy va psixologik ta’siri kuchayadi, va bu elementlar badiiy asarlarning aniq bir
uslubda ifodalanishini ta’minlaydi.
Fonetika (yunoncha: phonetikos — tovushga, tovush chiqarishga oid; tovushli,
ovozli) — 1) tilshunoslikning nutq tovushlarining hosil boʻlish usullarini va akustik
xususiyatlarini; boʻgʻin, nutqning pauza bilan ajraluvchi qismlarini oʻrganuvchi
boʻlimi. Shu bilan birga, ayrim tilshunoslar fonetika doirasiga tovush birliklarining
yozuvdagi ifodalari (grafika) va maʼnoli birliklarning yozilish qoidalari (imlo)ni ham
qoʻshib, uning oʻrganish obyektini yanada kengaytiradilar (rus olimi L. V. Shcherba).
Oʻzbek tilshunosligida fonetika doirasida, asosan, nutq tovushlari [ularning
artikulyatsion, akustik, perseptiv (psixofonetik) va funksional tomonlari| va ohang
(boʻgʻin, sintagma, urgʻu va boshqalar) oʻrganiladi.
The sound aspect of speech is divided into segment (Latin: segmentum - cut,
piece, fragment) and supersegment (supersegment) units. Segment units are located
one after the other (two sounds cannot be pronounced at the same time). Therefore,
they can be called serial or consecutive units. These segment units include stress and
tone (intonation). These units are placed on segment units and give them different
tones. Any speech sound is pronounced, first of all, due to the movement of the speech
organs, that is, it has a physiological nature. Secondly, it is formed by the vibration of
air through a certain elastic div; therefore, it has an acoustic (physical) aspect.
Thirdly, the semantic aspect of a particular word and morpheme and the sound shell
are formed in the human mind together, because when a person perceives a certain set
of sounds by hearing, he perceives the meaning underlying this set, which is considered
a perceptual (psychophonetic) property. And finally, most importantly, speech
performs a certain function, and therefore has functional value. Speech sounds can be
studied from different perspectives according to the above properties. Phonetics is
divided into the following types from the point of view of the aspect (purpose) of
studying the sound system of a language: general phonetics; historical (diachronic)
T A D Q I Q O T L A R
jahon ilmiy – metodik jurnali
https://scientific-jl.com
60-son_4-to’plam_Aprel-2025
140
ISSN:3030-3613
phonetics; descriptive (synchronic) phonetics; comparative phonetics; experimental
phonetics. Along with the above, special phonetics is also distinguished, in which all
phonetic properties are studied on the example of a specific language.
Expressive Function of Sounds
Sounds are not only one of the components of speech, but also serve as one of
the main means of creating meaning. The expressive role of sounds in artistic speech
is very large, because they are not limited to expressing the meaning of words, but also
play an important role in reflecting emotions, moods, and images. The expressive effect
of sounds demonstrates the unique power of language. The rhythmic repetition of
sounds, the melodic structures created with their help, can change the mental state of
the reader or listener. Phonetic devices such as alliteration and assonance, through the
repeated repetition of sounds, reflect a specific mood, which increases the emotional
power of the works. For example, in Shakespeare's tragedy "Hamlet", an aesthetic
image of sadness, gloom, and tragedy is created through alliteration and assonance.
This type of use of sounds enhances the reader's inner state, enlivens their imaginations,
and encourages them to feel more deeply.
Psychological and Emotional Effects of Sounds Sounds in literary speech are not
limited to creating meaning and images. They change the mental and emotional state
of the reader. The atmospheres created with the help of sounds in speech revive
emotions and invite the reader to imagination. The rhythm of sounds, their length and
shape affect the internal state of the reader. Therefore, sounds are important not only
in describing the language, but also in understanding its psychological and aesthetic
properties. The associations created with the help of sounds are deeply embedded in
the reader's memory, which increases his emotional reactions. In this situation, the
psychological effect created with the help of sounds further enhances the charm of
speech. This is especially highly expressed in poetic works, for example, in Byron's
"Don Juan"
Phonetic devices such as alliteration and assonance, through the repeated
repetition of sounds, convey a specific mood, which increases the emotional power of
the works. For example, in Shakespeare's tragedy "Hamlet", alliteration and assonance
create an aesthetic image of sadness, darkness, and tragedy. This type of use of sounds
enhances the reader's inner state, enlivens the imagination, and encourages them to feel
more deeply.
The Psychological Effect of Sounds Sounds play an important role not only in
conveying the meaning of words, but also in creating their psychological effect. The
study of the effect of sounds on the human psyche is an important direction in phonetic
methodology. The psychological effect of sounds in works of art often penetrates the
inner world of the reader or listener, shaping his feelings and mood. The psychological
T A D Q I Q O T L A R
jahon ilmiy – metodik jurnali
https://scientific-jl.com
60-son_4-to’plam_Aprel-2025
141
ISSN:3030-3613
effect created by the peculiar repetition of sounds, melodies and rhythms increases the
emotional power of the works.
Phonetics (Greek: phonetikos - relating to sound, sound production; sound,
voiced) - 1) a branch of linguistics that studies the methods of formation and acoustic
properties of speech sounds; syllables, parts of speech separated by pauses. At the same
time, some linguists further expand the object of study by including the written
expressions of sound units (graphics) and the rules for writing meaningful units
(spelling) in the scope of phonetics (Russian scientist L. V. Shcherba). In Uzbek
linguistics, within the framework of phonetics, speech sounds [their articulatory,
acoustic, perceptual (psychophonetic) and functional aspects| and tone (syllable,
syntagma, stress, etc.) are mainly studied.
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar :
1.
https://uz.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika
2.
Jakobson, R. (1960). Linguistics and Poetics: An Introduction to Linguistic
Poetics. Cambridge University Press.
3.
Pavlenko, A. (2000). L’Art de la phonétique: Phonétique et stylistique dans la
poésie française. Paris: Éditions du CNRS.
4.
Turganov, M. (2015). Lingvistika va stilistika: Fonetik vositalar. Toshkent: Fan
va Texnologiya.
5.
Shamsiyev, A. (2011). O‘zbek tilida fonetik uslubiyat. Toshkent: O‘zbekiston
Milliy Universiteti Nashriyoti.
