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PUBLISHED DATE: - 13-06-2024
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajas/Volume06Issue06-03
PAGE NO.: - 12-16
CHEMICAL-MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION
AND PROPERTIES OF ANDESIBASALT OF
THE KARAKHTAI DEPOSIT
Niyazova Shokhista Mansuraliyevna
PhD, Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Academy of Sciences of
the Republic of Uzbekistan
Orchid:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0395-4013
INTRODUCTION
Currently, the problem of finding ways to rationally
use natural raw materials, as well as energy saving,
plays an important role in modern construction
and production. Saving fuel and energy resources,
introducing energy-saving materials, improving
the thermal protection of buildings and structures
is a priority that contributes to the development
and strengthening of the economic potential of the
Republic. In the modern conditions of the economy
of Uzbekistan, there is an increase in the
production of construction and thermal insulation
materials, in particular, special attention is paid to
basalt-fiber materials based on high-quality
magmatic rocks that meet high technical
requirements. Igneous rocks are raw materials for
the industrial production of basalt fiber, and are
also suitable for producing various construction,
thermal insulation and ceramic materials [1, 2].
In the Republic, unlike other raw materials,
deposits of igneous rocks are extremely
widespread and due to this they have reserves of
billions of tons, and sometimes have inexhaustible
reserves [3 - 5]. Based on this, the problem of
developing promising rocky raw materials for the
development of an effective composition of silicate
materials for various purposes and their innovative
production technologies is of current importance
for the development of the real sector of the
Republic’s economy. In this r
egard, these problems
can be solved through the development of new
technologies and repurposing of existing
production facilities, the development and
implementation of effective import-substituting,
energy- and resource-saving technologies for
producing basalt fiber with high physical and
mechanical properties based on local raw
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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materials and secondary resources that will
provide domestic market.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
As the initial component for conducting
experimental studies, samples of andesibasalt from
the Karakhtai deposit, located in the southwestern
end of the Chatkal ridge in the Tashkent region,
were used. The study of the chemical and
mineralogical composition of the sample was
carried out using classical methods of
physicochemical, in particular spectral, chemical
analytical, and X-ray phase studies. It is known
from the literature [6, 7] that when assessing the
suitability of raw materials for the production of
basalt fiber, their chemical composition is first
determined, as well as the values of the acidity
modulus (Ma) and viscosity (Mv), which directly
affect its technological properties.
To determine the material composition of
andesibasalt samples, silicate rational chemical
analysis was used using the accelerated method [8,
9].
The mineralogical composition of the samples was
determined by X-ray phase analysis [10, 11]. X-ray
phase analysis was carried out by the powder
method on a Shimadzu LABX XRD-6100 X-ray
diffractometer using CuKα radiation. Radiographs
were taken with a step of 0.02, the tube current and
voltage mode was 30 mA, 30 kV. Identification of
mineral phases and analysis of the results was
carried out using reference books, an international
database [12].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
As a result of X-ray spectral analysis of samples
(Table 1) of Karakhtai andesibasalt, the presence of
19 chemical elements was determined, of which
the main rock-forming elements are: silicon,
aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium and sodium,
and other chemical elements in the rock are in
small quantities.
Table 1
Results of X-ray spectral analysis of andesibasalt from the
Karakhtai deposit
Content of chemical elements, mass %
Si
Al
Ca
Na
K
Fe
Mg
P
Ba
Mn
25,0
8,0
2,0
5,0
0,6
6,0
5,0
0,02
0,01
0,1
Content of chemical elements, mass %
V
Ti
Cu
Pb
Zn
Ni
Co
Li
Zr
-
0,03
0,1
0,005
0,005
0,004
0,001
0,001
0,002
0,004
-
The results of the study of the material composition of the studied andesibasalt are presented in Table 2.
Table 2
Results of chemical analysis of the studied andesibasalt
Samples
Oxide content per air-dry substance, wt.%
LOI,
wt.%
SiO
2
Al
2
O
3
Fe
2
O
3
MgO
CaO
Na
2
O
K
2
O
SO
3
AnB-1
55.67
16.82
5.99
2.98
4.63
6.15
2.04
0.73
6.38
AnB-2
54.11
16.14
5.83
2.96
4.57
6.11
1.98
0.67
6.24
AnB
avg
.
54.89
16.48
5.91
2.97
4.60
6.13
2.01
0.70
6.31
Figure 1 shows the results of X-ray phase analysis of samples of Karakhtai andesibasalt initial and after
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firing at a temperature of 1000 ℃.
Figure 1. X-ray diffraction of Karakhtai andesibasalt:
а)initial, b)fired at 1000℃
The X-ray diffraction pattern of the Karakhtai
andesibasalt (Fig. 1a) shows the presence of
diffraction reflections corresponding to the
minerals quartz (d = 0.424; 0.334; 0.245; 0.228;
0.223; 0.212; 0.197; 0.181; 0.167; 0.154; 0.137
nm), chlorite (d = 1.421 ; 0.586; .181; 0.167; 0.137
nm), albite (d = 0.636; 0.402; 0.385 ; 0.284; d =
0.385; 0.228; 0.181 nm).
The results of X-ray phase analysis of andesibasalt
after firing at a temperature of 1000 ℃ (Fig. 1b)
showed that the presence of diffraction reflections
corresponding to the minerals hematite (d = 0.364,
0.269, 0.251, 0.230, 0.220, 0.184, 0.169, 0.145, nm
), andesine (d = 0.403, 0.389, 0.376, 0.346, 0.335,
0.324, 0.314, 0.298, 0.294, 0.284, 0.245, 0.210,
0.188, 0.179, 0.178, 0.175, 72, 0.162, 0.155 nm),
quartz (d = 0.335; 0.245; 0.213; 0.155 nm) and
pyroxene (d = 3.35; 3.24; 0.255; 0.251; 0.242; 0.203
nm).
The results of X-ray phase analysis of the studied
samples showed that their chemical and
mineralogical composition is similar to traditional
basalt rocks and consists mainly of the minerals
albite, quartz, chlorite, calcite, as well as other
minerals, the content of which is in very small
quantities.
The results of determining the indicators of
technological properties, in particular the values of
the acidity modulus (Mk) and viscosity (Mv),
melting point (Tmel.), temperature of the upper
limit of crystallization (T.u.l.c.) of samples of
andesibasalt samples are given in Table 3.
Table 3
Technological properties of andesibasalt
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Samples
М
a
М
v
Melting temperature,
о
С
Viscosity at temperature,
(
ƞ
, Pa·s)
Begin
End
1500
1450
1400
1350
AnB-1
9.53
2.48
1185
1235
8.68
17.67
26.28
41.95
AnB-2
9.33
2.42
1175
1225
8.52
17.49
26.06
41.81
AnB
avg
.
9.43
2.45
1180
1230
8.60
17.58
26.17
41.88
Based on experimental studies of the technological
properties of andesibasalt, it was established that
the values of acidity and viscosity moduli, melting
point, and viscosity at temperature affect the
process of production of basalt fiber.
According to classical technology [1], it can be
noted that the properties of products made from
igneous, in particular basaltic rocks, are naturally
determined, first of all, by the initial chemical
composition of raw materials, which are assessed
based on the acidity modulus (Mk). It is noted that
the higher the acidity modulus value, the more
resistant the resulting fiber is to moisture. In the
production of mineral wool, the value according to
the requirements of GOST 4640-2011 [13] (Mk) of
raw materials or raw material composition should
not exceed 2.0. However, to obtain fibers, the
acidity modulus of one-component charges must
be more than 4.0 and up to 5.5-7.0 [14], and
sometimes the most optimal for obtaining fibers is
considered to be a chemical composition that
provides an acidity modulus value ranging from 3.0
-7.0 [6]. According to the calculation results, the
acidity modulus of andesibasalt averages is 9.43.
Consequently, there is a direct relationship
between the composition of the charge when
adding additives, the melting point and the
viscosity of the melt. Based on this, for a more
accurate assessment of the possibility of using
rocks in the production of fibers, it is preferable to
use the viscosity modulus, the calculation formula
of which includes all the oxides present in the rock
in molar proportions. The viscosity modulus
indicator influences the entire technological
process, from melt homogenization to fiber
formation. As can be seen from the data in Table 3,
the viscosity modulus of basaltic andesite ranges
from 2.42 to 2.48, with an average of 2.45. In terms
of the degree of viscosity modulus, this rock
belongs to the high-viscosity group.
CONCLUSIONS
In general, the results of chemical and X-ray phase
analysis show that the andesibasalt of the
Karakhtay deposit consists mainly of quartz,
chlorite, albite, calcite minerals, as well as other
minerals, the content of which is in very small
quantities. Based on the results obtained, it was
established that the studied basaltic andesite is a
promising raw material for the production of basalt
fibrous materials for various purposes.
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