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PUBLISHED DATE: - 13-06-2024
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajas/Volume06Issue06-05
PAGE NO.: - 22-27
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF DIABASES
OF KARAKALPAKSTAN IN THE PRODUCTION
OF SILICATE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Janabaev Orazimbet Ongarbaevich
Doctoral Student At The Institute Of General And Inorganic Chemistry
Academy Of Sciences Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Eminov Ashrap Mamurovich
Doctor Of Technical Sciences, Prof. Head Of The Yangier Branch Of Tashkent
Institute Of Chemical Technology Department, Yangier, Uzbekistan
Orchid:
https://Orchid.org/0000-0003-0174-3175
Niyazova Shokhista Mansuraliyevna
Phd, Institute Of General And Inorganic Chemistry Academy Of Sciences Of
The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Orchid:
https://Orchid.org/0000-0003-0395-4013
Kalbaev Bakhauatdin Aleuatdinovich
Doctoral Student At The Institute Of General And Inorganic Chemistry
Academy Of Sciences Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan , Tashkent , Uzbekistan
Orchid:
https://Orchid.org/0000-0003-2104-9092
INTRODUCTION
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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Currently, it is very relevant to involve local raw
materials in ceramic production, in particular in
Karakalpakstan, instead of those imported or
imported from distant regions of the Republic in
order to more fully use the raw materials of
developed deposits, as well as the development of
waste-free technologies for producing ceramic
materials for construction purposes [1, 2].
It is known that in order to improve the quality of
ceramic materials and provide them with high
performance characteristics, it is necessary to
solve problems associated with the development of
the most effective methods for intensifying the
sintering process of raw material compositions.
From the literature it is known about the
possibility of practical use of rocks of magmatic
origin in ceramic raw materials masses to intensify
the sintering process when producing ceramic
products with high physical and mechanical
properties. It has also been established that at a
temperature range of 1160
–1230℃, these rocks
form a ceramic material with a practically low
water absorption rate [3, 4].
Magmatic rocks are products of solidification of
fiery liquid silicate melts (magma), entering the
upper floors of the lithosphere or into its surface
from the deepest parts of the earth. Magmatic
rocks, in the form of diabases, gabbrodiabases and
porphyrites diabases, are the most common rocks.
Diabase is an effusive rock of volcanic origin,
formed in the form of lavas. They are usually dark
gray, black or greenish-black rocks with a glassy or
porphyritic texture. In terms of mineralogical
composition, the bulk of the diabase is composed of
microlites,
clinopyroxene,
magnetite
or
titanomagnetite, as well as volcanic glass, olivine,
clinopyroxene,
plagioclase,
and
rarely
orthopyroxene or hornblende . The most common
mineral in diabase a is apatite [5]. This rock is used
as a raw material for crushed stone, the production
of diabase fiber, stone casting and acid-resistant
powder, as well as a filler for concrete and other
various industries in the production of building
materials [6].
The purpose of this study is to assess the possibility
of using diabase rocks of Karakalpakstan in the
production of building ceramic products for
internal wall cladding , as well as to establish
criteria for intensifying the processes of sintering
raw material compositions.
As the initial component for conducting
experimental studies, we used samples of diabase
from the Keklitau and Sheikhzheli deposits of the
Republic of Karakalpakstan, where there are the
necessary reserves for their industrial processing.
RESEARCH METHODS AND MATERIALS
Experimental studies on the development of
compositions
and
production
technology,
determination of the main characteristics of
ceramic materials based on clayey and diabase
rocks were carried out using modern as well as
generally accepted classical methods of physical
and chemical analysis and physical and mechanical
testing.
In this work, chemical-analytical and X-ray
diffraction analyzes were used.
The material composition of samples of diabase
raw materials was determined by silicate rational
chemical analysis using the accelerated method [7].
The mineralogical composition of diabase samples
was determined by X-ray phase analysis, which
was carried out by the powder method on an X-ray
diffractometer Shimadzu LABX XRD-6100 with
CuKα
- radiation. Radiographs were taken in
increments of 0.02, the tube current and voltage
mode was 30 mA, 30 kV. Identification of mineral
phases and analysis of the results was carried out
using reference books and generally accepted
databases ICDD PDF -2 [8].
RESULTS AND ITS DISCUSSION
The results of the analysis of the chemical
composition and determination of the physical and
mechanical properties of diabase samples from the
Keklitau (KD) and Sheykhzheli (ShD) deposits are
presented in Table 1, Table 2.
According to the analysis results presented in
Table 1, it is shown that the chemical composition
of the diabase samples of the Keklitau and
Sheikhzheli deposits differs from other magmatic
rocks of this type in the high amount of Na2O
content, which corresponds to GOST 23034-78
[10] -
“Feldspar and quartz
-
feldspar materials”
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used in the raw material composition for the
production of ceramic wall materials. Therefore,
when using diabase rocks for ceramic materials,
this circumstance should be taken into account.
Table 1
Chemical composition of diabase samples from the Keklitau and Sheikhzheli deposits
Table 2
Physico-mechanical properties of diabase samples from the Keklitau and Sheikhzheli deposits
According to the technological properties of the
studied diabases, it was established that they are
rocky rocks (Table 2), having a fairly dense and
durable structure, as well as low water absorption.
However, in terms of the melting point value, they
are significantly low-melting magmatic rocks.
The mineralogical composition of the studied
samples of diabase samples from the Keklitau and
Sheikhzheli deposits was determined by X-ray
phase analysis, the results of which are shown in
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 respectively.
name of raw
materials
Oxides content, wt. %
LOI,
wt.%
SiO
2
Al
2
O
3
Fe
2
O
3
TiO
2
CaO
MgO
K
2
O
Na
2
O
KD -1
55.71
17.53
6.62
0.94 4.10
0.52
1.73
10.01
2.84
KD -2
54.52
17.20
6.91
0.83 3.84
0.72
2.10
10.65
3.22
KD -3
56.90
16.91
6.33
0.96 3.55
0.62
1.94
9.80
2.93
KD
avg.
55.71
17.21
6.62
0.91 3.83
0.62
1.92
10.15
3.00
ShD -1
55.07
17.14
8.18
0.53 4.58
3.68
2.34
2.34
5.62
ShD -2
56.71
17.21
7.67
0.65 4.94
3.56
2.46
2.11
4.99
ShD -3
54.82
16.84
8.01
0.49 3.95
3.05
1.99
2.00
5.28
ShD
avg.
55.53
17.06
7.95
0.56 4.49
3.43
2.26
2.15
5.31
Name of raw
materials
Porosity,
%
Density,
g/cm
3
Water
absorption,
%
Strength
compression,
MPa
Melting point, T
o
C
Start
End
Keklitau Diabase
0.68
3.02
0.11
135
1160
1205
Sheikhzheli Diabase
0.79
2.95
0.23
130
1185
1220
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Fig.1. X-ray diffraction pattern of a sample of diabase rock from the Keklitau deposit
The X-ray diffraction patterns of the Keklitau
diabase (Fig. 1) show the presence of diffraction
maxima corresponding to the following minerals:
quartz (d = 0.424; 0.334; 0.245; 0.228; 0.212;
0.181; 0.138; 0.137 nm ), albite (d = 0.634; 0.402;
0.376; 0.366; 0.319; 0.292 ; 0.285; 0.272; nm),
hematite (d = 0.366, 0.272, 0.255, 0.167 nm) and
there are diffraction lines with low intensity of the
chlorite mineral (d = 0.704; 0.424; 0.260 nm).
On the obtained X-ray diffraction patterns of the
Sheikhzheli diabase sample (Fig. 2), the presence of
diffraction maxima is also observed, corresponding
to the minerals: quartz (d = 0.424; 0.333; 0.245;
0.228; 0.223; 0.212; 0.197; 0.181; 0.166; 0.153;
0.137 nm ), chlorite (d = 0.713; 0.496; 0.424; 0.365;
0.352; 0.296; 0.255; 0.228; 0.197 nm ), albite (d =
0.636; 0.352; 0.318; 0.310; 0.259; 0.212 nm) and a
small amount of calcite (d = 0.302; 0.228; 0.223
нм).
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Fig.2. X-ray diffraction pattern of a sample of diabase rock from the Sheikhzheli deposit
It should be noted that the number of diffraction
maxima and intensities corresponding to the
minerals of albite in the Keklitaus diabase is much
greater, and calcite is not observed in comparison
with the Sheikhzheli diabase.
X-ray phase analysis of the studied samples of
diabase samples from Karakalpakstan showed that
the phase composition of these diabases consists
mainly of quartz minerals, sodium and potassium-
sodium
feldspar,
magnesium
aluminum
hydrosilicate and aluminosilicates, which are
closer to the material composition of feldspars [10]
.
The results obtained on the basis of comprehensive
physicochemical studies show that in terms of
chemical and mineralogical composition and
content of main oxides, Keklitau diabase is similar
to the composition of feldspathic minerals.
CONCLUSION
Thus, on the basis of experimental studies carried
out using chemical-analytical and X-ray phase
analysis methods, it has been established that
basalt rocks from the Keklitau deposit in
Karakalpakstan can be used instead of the feldspar
component to develop the composition of ceramic
products as a grog agent, depending on the final
temperature of the fired material.
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