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THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZER RATE AND
PROPORTIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT PERIOD OF MUSHROOM
PLANT
QDTU prof Sh.I.Irnazarov,
Student M.Sh.Pulatova
Abstract. This article studies the effect of mineral fertilizer rates and their
ratios on different stages of development of mung bean (Vigna radiata). The study
analyzes the effect of optimal amounts of basic fertilizers such as nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium and their ratios on the vegetative growth, flowering and
fruit setting stages of mung bean. Also, physiological changes observed as a result
of increasing or decreasing the rate of fertilizers, differences in yield and quality
are determined. The article offers scientific and practical recommendations aimed
at forming an effective fertilization system in mung bean cultivation, improving
agrotechnical measures and ensuring environmental sustainability.
Keywords: mung bean, mineral fertilizers, fertilizer rates, fertilizer ratios,
development stages, productivity, agrotechnics, environmental sustainability.
ВЛИЯНИЕ НОРМЫ И КОЛИЧЕСТВА МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ
УДОБРЕНИЙ НА ПЕРИОД РАЗВИТИЯ ГРИБНОГО РАСТЕНИЯ
Профессор QDTU. Ш.И.Ирназаров,
Студентка М.Ш.Пулатова
Абстрактный. В статье изучается влияние норм внесения
минеральных удобрений и их соотношений на различные фазы развития
растений вигны лучистой (Vigna radiata). В исследовании анализируется
влияние оптимального количества основных удобрений, таких как азот,
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фосфор и калий, а также их соотношений на вегетативный рост, цветение
и стадии завязывания плодов маша. Он также выявляет физиологические
изменения, урожайность и различия в качестве, наблюдаемые в результате
увеличения или уменьшения норм удобрений. В статье даны научно-
практические рекомендatsiи, направленные на формирование эффективной
системы удобрения при возделывании маша, совершенствование
агротехнических мероприятий и обеспечение экологической устойчивости.
Ключевые слова: маш, минеральные удобрения, нормы удобрений,
соотношения удобрений, стадии развития, урожайность, агротехника,
экологическая устойчивость.
Introduction.
Today, the issue of food supply in all countries of the world
has become one of the priority tasks. In particular, due to the global warming
process taking place on our planet, floods are occurring in some regions, and in
some regions, an extreme water shortage, and the increase in various natural
disasters, primarily have a negative impact on the agriculturalctor.
In terms of regularly providing the world's population with food products, in
our republic, due to favorable soil and climatic conditions, there are opportunities
to grow high-quality crops up to two times a year, up to two times a year, by
planting corn, mung beans, soybeans, rice, millet, sesame, fodder crops, potatoes
and various vegetables as repeated crops for 120-130 days on more than one million
irrigated
areas
that
are
annually
freed
from
cereal
crops.
Currently, in our country, great attention is paid to grain, leguminous, and oilseed
crops, and the cultivated areas are being expanded.
Great opportunities have opened up for the development of agriculture and
the productive use of land. Today, one of the main problems is the issue of protein,
that is, satisfying the human demand for protein. Of the leguminous crops, mung
bean
is
of
great
importance
in
solving
this
problem.
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In the conditions of our republic, 60-70 t/ha of grain is grown from winter
wheat, and 15-20 t/ha from mung bean, which is grown as a repeated crop, is
grown, and there are opportunities to increase the grain yield produced during one
season to 75-90 t/ha. Leguminous and grain crops are planted on 135 million
hectares of land on Earth.
Among legumes, mung bean ranks second in the world in terms of the area
under cultivation (about 25 million hectares) after soybeans (the world's soybean
area is about 74 million hectares), and chickpeas are in third place (about 10 million
hectares in the world). In the republics of Central Asia and the Caucasus, mung
bean is widely used in the food industry.
When flour made from mung bean is added to pasta, its nutritional value
increases even more.
Mung bean belongs to the group of legumes, and its grain contains a large amount
of 24-28% oxalic acid. In addition to the food industry, it can also be used to grow
nutritious fodder for livestock.
Also, nodular bacteria develop in the roots of mung bean, which absorb free
nitrogen and increase soil fertility. Scientific sources indicate that mung bean is a
crop that accumulates 50-100 kg of biological nitrogen and organic matter in the
soil during the growing season, increasing the natural fertility of the land and
providing a healing grain rich in protein and vitamins.The origin of mung bean is
associated with India. Currently, mung bean is cultivated in many countries.
For example, it is cultivated on large areas in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan,
Azerbaijan, Georgia, China, Korea, Japan, India, Pakistan, Egypt, Ethiopia and
other countries. According to information received from the Ministry of
Agriculture, mung bean is cultivated in more than 23-27 thousand hectares of land
as a repeated crop in our Republic every year. Pobeda-104, Radost, Navruz,
Kahrabo, Durdona and other varieties of mung bean are cultivated in our Republic.
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Among agricultural crops, mung bean (Vigna radiata) is one of the legumes
that is distinguished by its high nutritional value and short growing season.
Consistent measures are being taken in our country to increase the volume of mung
bean cultivation and turn it into an export-oriented product. In this regard, one of
the urgent issues is the scientific improvement of the agrotechnology of mung bean
cultivation,
in
particular,
its
fertilization
system.
The correct selection of the norms and proportions of mineral fertilizers (nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium) necessary for the growth and development of plants
significantly affects not only yield, but also product quality.
Since the need for nutrients in each phenological stage of the mung bean
plant is different, there is a need to develop a fertilization strategy appropriate for
each period.This article aims to study the effect of mineral fertilizer rates and ratios
during the development of mung bean plants, determine optimal fertilization
methods, and develop practical recommendations. In recent years, rational use of
land resources, increasing productivity, and maintaining soil fertility have become
urgent tasks.
Mung beans, which have the property of biological nitrogen fixation among
legumes, are of great importance in improving soil structure, effectively organizing
crop rotation systems and ensuring food security. At the same time, the
development of a scientifically based fertilization system to ensure high mung bean
yields is still relevant.
Studies show that the need for nutrients in plants changes at each stage of
development. For example, during the vegetative growth period, the demand for
nitrogen is high, while during the flowering and fruiting stages, phosphorus and
potassium elements are important. Therefore, determining the appropriate mineral
fertilizer rates for each stage not only supports plant physiology, but also serves to
prevent excessive salinization of the soil and environmental problems.
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Therefore, determining the optimal rates and ratios of mineral fertilizers at
each phenological stage of the mung bean plant, thereby increasing the overall
growth rate, yield and quality of the crop, is the main focus of this scientific article.
The results obtained from our studies (Table 1) also confirmed this pattern.
In conclusion, the results of the conducted research showed that the need for
mineral fertilizers at each stage of development of the mung bean plant is different,
and the correct selection of fertilizer rates and ratios directly affects the healthy
growth
of
the
plant,
effective
flowering
and
high
yield.
It was found that the use of nitrogen fertilizers is especially effective during
the vegetative growth stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during the
flowering and fruiting periods. Also, when optimal fertilizer rates are determined
taking into account agro-ecological conditions, not only does the yield increase,
but also soil fertility is maintained and excessive fertilizer consumption is
prevented. This is also economically beneficial and serves to ensure environmental
sustainability.
References
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светлых сероземов юга Узбекистана, Российский журнал Зерновое
хозяйство. Москва. 2004 г. № 5
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