Acumen:
International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research
Volume 1, Issue 1
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Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
DISTRIBUTION AND MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF SPECIES
BELONGING TO THE FAMILY OF LICHENS
Malikov Dilshod Boymurod o’g’li
Lecturer, Department of Exact and Natural Sciences
Samarkand State University, Kattakurgan Branch
Nurmonova Yeshoda Boris qizi
Student of Samarkand State University, Kattakurgan Branch
Abstract
: In this article, we will get to know in detail the representatives of the
family of syrachadas, which are among the medicinal plants found in our nature.
Together with this, we will get acquainted with their distribution, medicinal properties,
growing conditions. There are 23 species in Central Asia. Since representatives of this
family are unique and rare, 12 species are included in the "Red Book" of the Republic
of Uzbekistan. The purpose of our study is to breed these species, to use their medicinal
properties, and to widely apply them to the field of medicine.
Key words:
Red Book, Central Asia, types of syrach, medicinal, syrach, perennial,
botanical description, distribution, growing conditions.
Аннотация:
В этой статье мы подробно познакомимся с представителями
семейства сирачадовых, которые входят в число лекарственных растений,
встречающихся в нашей природе. Вместе с этим мы познакомимся с их
распространением, лечебными свойствами, условиями произрастания. В
Средней Азии встречается 23 вида. Поскольку представители этого семейства
уникальны и редки, 12 видов занесены в «Красную книгу» Республики
Узбекистан. Цель нашего исследования — вывести эти виды, использовать их
лечебные свойства и широко применить в области медицины.
Ключевые слова:
Красная книга, Средняя Азия, виды сыра, лекарственный,
сыра, многолетник, ботаническое описание, распространение, условия
произрастания.
Introduction.
Today, a lot of attention is being paid to our nature. The reason is
to treat various diseases using natural plants in our medicine. They are also considered
to be an invaluable asset of our nature. As long as we have plants, we breathe clean air
and live. There are many medicinal plants, each of them has its own characteristics,
many medicines have been created on the basis of our medicinal plants and are used in
a number of diseases. Ladi. Almost all representatives of the family of shirachdoshadas
are considered medicinal plants. There are 1,400-1,450 species of the Shirachdosh
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International Journal of
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family on earth, 61 species in the CIS, 45 species in Central Asia, and 23 species in
Uzbekistan, 12 of which are included in the "Red Book" of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Some of their species are cultivated, and representatives of the Aloe and Chlorophytum
families are cultivated. Some species of representatives of this family are succulent
species, that is, they store spare nutrients in their leaves and stems. The lychee plant
occupies a special place in our nature. The lychee is one of our wild plants, which are
beautiful, medicinal, and are eaten as greens. Let's get acquainted with some species
of this family that are included in the "Red Book" and are common in nature.
History of access to science.
Now the Asphodelaceae family has a complicated
history, and its delimitation and taxonomy have varied greatly. In the 1981 Cronquist
system, members of the Asphodelaceae were placed in the order Liliales. They
struggled to classify this systematics. Therefore, the previous taxa were included in
the single Liliaceae family, that is, the Asphodelaceae and Liliales orders. According
to some information, the Dasypogonaceae family was included in the initial taxonomy.
They were later removed from the Asphodelaceae because they belonged to the
Comelinids. The decision to group the three previously separate families
Asphodelaceae, Hemerocallidaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae into a single family was
first raised as a possibility in 2003. In 2017, the family Asphodelaceae was changed
to a separate name. Today, the most famous and noteworthy among these taxonomists
is the Asphodelaceae family.
Systematics:
Section: Magnoliophytes
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Amaryllidales
Family: Asphodelaceae
Type: Eremurus
General botanical definition:
Shirach scientific name— EREMURUS. The
genus Eremurus includes rhizome perennial herbs. The root is thickened, serete, the
shapes are feathery, star-like. The rhizome is short. The stem is leafless and grows up
to 3 meters tall. The leaves are pencil-shaped, linear-triangular, folded from the
bottom, narrow or wide flat, three-sided and emerging from the root neck. As for the
cauliflower, it is simple and has the shape of a flower. The flowers are 6-lobed, the
petals of the flowers are white, pink, yellow, pale pink, and are located in two circles.
The flowering time lasts for several months. The fruit is dark gray, light gray, spherical,
swollen. The seeds are small and narrowly winged.
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Eremurus is grown outdoors in flower beds. In the middle zone, the plant should
not suffer from cold and moisture, it is appropriate if there are plants around it. We will
achieve the desired result. Eremurus cannot tolerate high soil moisture, mainly it likes
arid environment and is considered a plant adapted to such an environment. Adapted
to grow mainly in soil rich in organic matter, does not like acidic soil. Eremurus
rhizomes should be covered for better wintering. In order to grow it, we must first
choose a place where there is a lot of sunlight. Eremurus is a plant that can withstand
both high temperatures and extreme cold temperatures. It rarely requires regular
watering. We also use several methods to reproduce it. In particular, it is propagated by
means of vegetative and seeds. In autumn, when planting them in greenhouses, the
temperature is 15-18 °С. Seedlings are ready in early spring. Seedlings are planted at
a depth of 10 cm. Be careful when watering this plant, because too much water and
moisture will cause its roots to rot.
Eremurus himalaicus is a very beautiful species of Himalayas north-east of
Kashmir, it grows up to 1.2-2 meters in height and 60 cm in width. The leaves are
arch-shaped, 30cm long and have a stem with a diameter of 2.5cm.
Eremurus spectabilis.
A candle-shaped perennial plant, it is distributed in Turkey,
Lebanon, Iran, Iraq and northern Pakistan. It grows up to 2 meters. The leaves are
arch-shaped, gray-green in color, 30-40 cm long. Compared to other species, it blooms
late, that is, it blooms in the middle of summer.
Eremurus x isabellinus.
This species is known mainly by its Eremurus olgae and
Eremurus stenophullus varieties. It grows up to 1.5 meters in length. Its width is up
to 90 cm. There are several created varieties of this species, the leaves are spear-
shaped, 15-30 cm long, the flowers are 2-3 cm in diameter, and the colors of the flowers
are different. Eremurus tauricus. It is a perennial plant from Crimea, found in Yalta
mountain forests, Crimean and Karadag reserves.
Eremurus robustus.
It is a plant from Central Asia (Tianshan and Pamir
mountains) with a height of 3 meters, leaves up to 1.2 meters long, and a stem up to
1.2 meters long. The color of the flowers is light pink, yellow, brown.
Eremurus algae.
It differs from other species by the white-pink color of its
flowers. The height is up to 1.5 meters.
Eremurus angustifolia
. A species common in eastern countries, it grows in
Central Asia, Iran and western Pakistan. Its height reaches only 1 meter. Its width is
60 cm. The leaves are gray-green, up to 24 cm long.
Eremurus alberti Regel
. A perennial plant that reaches 25-80 cm in height. The
rhizome is shortened, claw-like, the pieces are thickened like a scutellum, 7-10mm
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thick. Shingles are sparse, many-flowered, 10-50 cm long. Petals have a large
triangular, lance-shaped appearance.
Usefulness and healing.
The flower of Eremurus is rich in honey, dried stems
are used for bee boxes, young leaves and roots are boiled and eaten, rich in C medicinal
drugs, i.e. vitamin C, carotene, organic acids, a large amount of eremuran
polysaccharide, alkaloids and glue dyes are found. From ancient times, glue is
extracted from its roots, and a dye is obtained from all its parts that dyes fabrics made
of silk, wool, and cotton in a yellow color. Today, much attention is paid to this plant,
because a polysaccharide called "eremuran" was found in its roots, and it is widely
used in medicine. For example, the leaf is popularly used as a carminative, and the
root is used as an expectorant for gastro-intestinal diseases. Today, a lot of attention is
paid to this plant. Because a polysaccharide called "eremuran" was found in the root
of eremurus, and it is used in medicine as an emulsifier that accelerates the absorption
of many drugs into the div.
Spread.
In our country, there are unique plants in every region, and all of them
have their own area. All representatives of this family can be found in every region of
our country. Eremurus alberti Regel is distributed in Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya
regions: Bobotog, Sherabad valley, around Dehkanabad and is also found in Tajikistan
and Afghanistan. Eremurus iae Vved is also distributed in the Hisar range of the
Surkhandarya region, in the Cho'lbayr mountains and in the northern part of
Boysuntog. As for the Eremurus cow, it is mostly found in the Kurama mountain of
the Tashkent region. Eremurus robustus Regel is one of the widespread
representatives, mainly in Tashkent, Namangan, Jizzakh, Samarkand, Fergana,
Surkhandarya, Kashkadarya regions, in all the ranges of Western Tianshan and Pamir-
Aloy, and also in neighboring countries, namely Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and It is also
found in Kazakhstan. Another representative of the Republic of Uzbekistan included
in the "Red Book" is Eremurus Nuratavicus. This species is widespread mainly in
Jizzakh region and Nurota ridges.
Summary
: The purpose of writing this article was to get to know the
representatives of this family and study their characteristics. The purpose of my study
was to practice breeding members of this family for their medicinal properties, as they
are very useful. Representatives of Eremurus are considered to be a medicinal plant
that can cure a number of ailments, as well as being a very beautiful sight. Having
studied their distribution, it is also necessary to determine their habitat. Thanks to this,
we can also grow them at home. Due to the decline of these species, several species
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are included in the "Red Book" and are considered to be in need of protection. My
conclusion is that this plant species is propagated and widely used in folk medicine.
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