Acumen:
International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research
Volume 1, Issue 3
25
Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
DISTANCE EDUCATION AND ITS DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES IN
UZBEKISTAN
Bahromov Shahzod Fazliddinovich
Sarmanov Alisher Adiljonovich
Students of the National University of Uzbekistan
Annotation
:
This article examines distance education and its development trends in
Uzbekistan. Also, the priority directions of the development of this industry in the
country and the factors affecting it were studied, and scientific proposals and practical
recommendations were given.
Keywords
:
distance education, USA, information technology, GDP, computer service,
e-textbook, platform, education costs, mechanism, infrastructure
.
INTRODUCTION
After the independence of Uzbekistan, as in all fields, reforms were implemented in
order to develop the education system and the quality of education was improved. As
a result, today, the organization of providing high-quality education to students widely
utilizes modern information technologies, which are products of scientific and
technological progress, as well as computers that serve as their material basis. The
creation of electronic textbooks and manuals, the use of internet resources, and the
promotion of software tools for distance learning have become a necessity of the time.
In the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 559 of
October 3, 2022 "On measures to introduce the form of distance education in higher
education organizations", based on the use of information and communication
technologies, regardless of the student's place of residence, providing him with the
opportunity to master educational programs, determining by the Ministry of Higher
and Secondary Special Education of bachelor's education courses and master's
specialties where it is not possible to introduce a form of distance education, organizing
distance education using a special platform or using existing platforms, in the training
of personnel based on the form of distance education, the admission parameters for one
bachelor's education course are determined to be no more than 300 students, for one
master's specialties are determined to be no more than 30 students
1
.
The above-mentioned circumstances demonstrate the relevance and importance of this
research topic.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1
Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 559 of October 3, 2022 "On measures to introduce
the form of distance education in higher education organizations"/
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International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research
Volume 1, Issue 3
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Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
Various research methods, including statistical analysis, comparative analysis,
generalization and systematic approach, were used to achieve the stated goals and
objectives.
ANALYSIS AND RESULT
Today's world experience shows that the traditional day education system and forms
aimed at students' creative activity and self-awareness cannot fully and deeply solve
this goal. Due to the unfavorable economic situation in the republic, due to the
limitation of personnel, scientific-theoretical and material-pedagogical resources in the
field of education, support for the realization of distance learning technologies and the
creative potential of students, expansion of their knowledge, regional education issues
of providing opportunities, conditions for development of the system, organization of
pedagogical work of educational institutions with talented students in local areas have
been determined. Distance education, as an additional form of regular education, can
solve the problems of personal learning through computer technologies.
In recent years, attention has been paid to the education system as one of the most
important areas in the world. A clear example of this can be the share of GDP of
developed countries' spending on the education system (Table 1).
Table 1
The share of spending on the education system of Uzbekistan and developed
countries in 2022 (in relation to GDP, %) and their place in the world ranking
2
№
Name of
countries
GDP
(billion
dollars)
GDP per capita
(dollars)
Education
expenses
(in
relation to
GDP, %)
Ranking of
countries
(by
spending
on
education)
1.
USA
25744
77243
4.59
64
2.
China
17963
12666
3.3
100
3.
Japan
4237
33866
3.32
99
4.
Germany
4085
48593
4.53
66
2
Developed by the author based on data from
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International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research
Volume 1, Issue 3
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Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
5. Great Britain
3081
46018
5.33
40
6.
Uzbekistan
80.4
2256
5.37
39
It can be analyzed from the table that in 2022, the GDP of the United States will be
25744 billion dollars and it will take the 1st place, and therefore it will spend 4.59%
on the development of the education sector, which is 1.18 trillion dollars. Among the
developed countries of Asia, Japan and China took consecutive places (99th and 100th)
with 3.32% and 3.3% of education expenditure, respectively. In Germany, this indicator
was 4.53%, while in Great Britain 5.33% of GDP was allocated ($185.05 and 164.21
billion). The Republic of Uzbekistan occupies the 39th place with 5.37%. The main
reason for the disproportion of the positions occupied by the states is related to the size
of the GDP. Because if we take the USA, the share of the education sector remains
small due to the large GDP.
After the independence of the republic, great attention was paid to increasing the
coverage and production of distance education and reducing the unemployment rate of
the population at the same time. In the 46 of the Decree of the President of the Republic
of Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022 No. PD-60 "On the Development Strategy of the
New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026" the task of further expanding the possibility of
obtaining higher education without separating young people from production by
introducing the form of distance education in the higher education system is set
3
.
In the advanced age of our society, it is desirable to make the educational process more
interesting and pleasant for the students, using the opportunities of scientific and
technical innovations, the Internet and new technologies, without being limited to
previous methodical manuals. In our republic today, great importance is attached to the
development of computer technologies and the Internet.
In the distance education method, even if the teacher and the student are separated by
a distance, constant communication is maintained. E-mail and Internet technologies are
widely used as a way to control this teaching.
World experience has shown that distance education is important in improving the
literacy and thinking of the population. Later, as a result of studying the advantages
and disadvantages of this field, the implementation of distance education in our country
was determined as one of the priority issues. (Figure 1)
3
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022 No. PF-60 "On the new development strategy of
Uzbekistan for 2022-2026".
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International Journal of
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Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
Figure 1. Advantages and disadvantages of distance education
4
As shown in Figure 1, the advantages of distance education are more than its
disadvantages, and it should be emphasized that the development of this field is the
optimal way to stabilize the production network of the economy and improve the social
condition of the population.
Pursuant to the 6th purpose of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
No. PF-158 of September 11, 2023 "On Uzbekistan - 2030 Strategy", the task of
establishing 14 regional professional training centers, increasing the share of qualified
pedagogic personnel to 50%, and the share of distance or mixed training courses to
30% was set
5
.
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
4
Developed by the author as a result of research.
5
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 11, 2023 No. PF-158 "On the strategy of "Uzbekistan
- 2030"" /
ADVANTAGES OF
DISTANCE EDUCATION
Develops the ability of the listener
(student) to think independently,
assess the situation, and draw
conclusions.
Everyone can get knowledge at a
convenient time, in a convenient
place, in a convenient environment.
Classrooms, blackboards, tables and
other teaching aids are not necessary
for teaching.
When studying at a distance, there is
an opportunity to study in several
courses at the same time.
There will be no problems such as
lack of textbooks and manuals in the
educational system.
DISADVANTAGES OF
DISTANCE EDUCATION
Difficulty holding attention
for long periods of time.
Unlike in face-to-face
communication, there are no
teachers and classmates
constantly reminding you
about assignments.
Network errors. One of the
biggest drawbacks of online
education is the slowness of
internet service providers or
disconnections.
Lack of transparency in
controls. It is very rare to
make an absolute assessment
of the extent to which tasks
have been completed.
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International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research
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Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
As a result of the analysis and research carried out above, the following are proposed
for the development of distance education in Uzbekistan:
- To support the state policy aimed at the development of distance education programs,
the achievements in the field of information and communication technologies, as well
as the modernization of the education sector.
- Investing in the necessary infrastructure and resources to support the growth of
distance education in Uzbekistan.
- Improve Internet connectivity, train teachers in online pedagogy, and establish robust
quality assurance mechanisms.
- To further strengthen the development of distance education programs by
strengthening public-private partnership and cooperation with international
organizations.
- Making full use of distance education opportunities to empower the country's citizens
and ensure sustainable socio-economic development by implementing strategies to use
technology and improve education.
REFERENCES:
1.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 11, 2023
No. PD-158 "On the strategy of "Uzbekistan - 2030"" /
2.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PD-60 of January 28,
2022 "On the new development strategy of Uzbekistan for 2022-2026"
https://lex.uz/uz/docs/-5841063
3.
Resolution No. 559 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan
dated October 3, 2022 "On measures to introduce the form of distance education in
higher education organizations"/
4.
Berdiyeva G. The importance of distance learning technologies in the teaching
of informatics and information technologies // Journal of Economics and Society. 2021.
5.
Nurmukhamad D, Akhmedov B. Distance education system. 2021.
6.
Makhmudova, G. N., & Gulomova, N. F. (2023). Unlocking the potential of the
digital econ-omy in the EAEU countries: identifying and overcoming obstacles. π-
Economy, 16 (4), 7–25. DOI: https://doi. org/10.18721/JE, 16401.
7.
Ikrambayevna, S. D. (2024). Classification of Functions of Communicative
Strategy and Tactics in Political Communication. Miasto Przyszłości, 50, 548-553.
8.
Nurmanov L. Organization factors of distance education in higher education
institutions. Journal of economics and society. No. 5, 2023.
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International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research
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9.
Yoldoshev A.R. Improving the possibilities of creative activity of students through
distance education. Germany. International Conference, 2023.
10.
https://overclockers.ru/blog/worldnews/show/137132/Gonka-mezhdu-SShA-i-
Kitaem-po-investiciyam-v-innovacii-prodolzhaetsya
https://www.imemo.ru/publications/electronicresources/oprme/archive/2023/mi
12.
https://ru.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/education_spending/
13.
