American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
20
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue06 2025
PAGE NO.
20-23
10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue06-04
The Effect Of Various Agrotechnological Measures On
The Chickpea Plant And The Number Of Weeds In
Rainfed Fields
Khayitalieva Madina Khudoyarovna
Basic doctoral student of Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan
Muratkasimov Alisher Sattorovich
PhD, Senior research fellow, Lalmikor Agricultural Research Institute, Uzbekistan
Musurmanov Alisher Amirkulovich
PhD, Associate professor, Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan
Received:
11 April 2025;
Accepted:
07 May 2025;
Published:
19 June 2025
Abstract:
This article presents the research results on the impact of fertilization rates on the number of chickpea
plants and weeds in rainfed fields. T
he research was conducted at the “Zomin Bodomtepa Adiri” farm, located
near the Zomin National Nature Park in the Zomin district.
Keywords:
Soil fertility, mineral fertilizers, various agrotechnological measures, mulching, crop rotation, number
of plants, weeds.
Introduction:
According to the Strategy for the
Development of Agriculture of the Republic of
Uzbekistan for 2020
–
2030, important strategic tasks
have been defined, including: “…the consistent
development of agricultural production, strengthening
the country's food security, increasing the production
of environmentally friendly products, and mitigating
the negative impact of global climate change on the
development of agriculture.” Therefore, it is of
particular importance to improve the agrophysical and
agrochemical properties of soils widespread in rainfed
areas, to make effective use of natural moisture, and to
increase soil fertility and crop productivity by
cultivating leguminous crops and studying their effect
on soil fertility.
At present, the area of land used for agricultural crop
cultivation globally amounts to 1.6 billion hectares, of
which 1.3 billion hectares are rainfed lands, accounting
for 60% of agricultural output. Therefore, ensuring the
effective use of rainfed lands in agricultural production
and maintaining and increasing soil fertility through
improved methods of cultivating leguminous crops is
one of today's pressing tasks.
Efficient use of rainfed lands, alongside irrigated areas,
is essential to more fully meet
the population’s needs
for grain and flour products, high-protein and dietary
legumes, oilseeds, and vegetable crops.
Rainfed fields have specific soil and climatic conditions,
and the farming systems and agrotechnologies applied
differ from those used in other regions. This is primarily
due to the sharply continental climate, with cold
winters and hot summers. Most precipitation falls in
winter and spring. In many years, starting from the
second half of May, precipitation significantly
decreases, temperatures rise, and both air and soil
become dry, which slows photosynthesis. Under such
conditions, all agrotechnological measures should aim
to ensure the effective use of natural moisture [1].
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
21
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
The research is being conducted at the “Zomin
Bodomtepa Adiri” far
m, located near the Zomin
National Nature Park in Zomin district. Geographically,
Zomin district lies in the western part of Jizzakh region.
The area consists of sedimentary rocks from the
Paleozoic era (Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous
periods), including limestone, crystalline schist, and
sandstone. Karst formations are widespread in areas
composed of Devonian limestone, including karrens
and sinkholes, especially on the edge of the Supa
plateau and the Ko‘lsoy gorge. Paleogene and
especially Neogene deposits, including reddish clay,
sandstone, and conglomerates, are widely spread in
the central part of the Ko‘lsoy and Qizilmozorsoy
basins, forming a variety of landforms. The climate of
the National Nature Park is a typical mountainous
climate, with cold winters and relatively cool summers.
According to the Ko‘lsoy meteorological station, the
absolute minimum temperature is
–
32°C, and the
absolute maximum is +33°C. The highest temperatures
are recorded in July and August, and the lowest in
December and January. The frost-free period lasts
approximately 140 days. The long-term average annual
precipitation ranges from 450 mm to 700
–
800 mm.
Winters in the park are stable and last about 5 months.
In high mountain areas, snow cover persists from
November until May
–
June [2].
Research Methods
The field experiments in this study were conducted
based on the methodological guidelines developed by
scientists of UzPITI (Uzbek Research Institute of Plant
Industry
and
Technologies),
namely
the
"Methodological Manual for Conducting Field
Experiments". The methods for determining plant
population and weed density were based on the State
Variety Testing Methodology for Agricultural Crops,
and statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried
out
in
accordance
with
B.A.
Do
spekhov’s
methodological work "Methods of Field Experiments".
The applied agrotechnological practices were based on
recommendations developed by the Scientific Research
Institute of Rainfed Agriculture.
Research Results
Increasing soil fertility and achieving stable yields in
rainfed areas are among the most pressing agro-
economic challenges. The research indicates that
leguminous crops, particularly chickpeas, play a
significant role not only in ensuring food security but
also in enriching the soil with nitrogen, thereby helping
to restore and improve its fertility.
Field experiments were conducted with 10 variants in 3
replications. Two main agrotechnological approaches
were tested in this experiment:
•
A1
–
Traditional technology
•
A2
–
Mulching technology
During the vegetation period, plants were supplied
with mineral fertilizers and biopreparations in various
dosages.
Each technology group (A1 and A2) included five
variants, which differed by:
•
Type and quantity of fertilizer
•
Application method
•
Use of additional substances (biopreparations,
fungicides, insecticides)
In each variant, the number of plants per 1 m²
permanent plot was observed, and both total and
average values were recorded.
Traditional Technology (A1)
In the traditional technology (A1), plant density varied
depending on the type and method of fertilizer
application:
•
Variant 1 (control, no fertilizer): Average of 22
plants per 1 m²
•
Variant 2: Application of P₄₀K₄₀ via
broadcasting and N₃₀ during leaf emergence resulted in
an average of 23.5 plants
•
Variant 3: Application of phosphorus and
potassium via band (localized) method, with nitrogen
applied during leaf emergence, recorded 24.5 plants on
average
•
Variant 4: A combined NPK fertilizer strategy
applied in two stages resulted in an average of 25.3
plants
•
Variant 5: This variant included all of Variant 4's
treatments, with the addition of a biopreparation
(Rokogumin), a fungicide, and an insecticide, leading to
an average of 25.8 plants under traditional technology
conditions (see Table 1)
Table 1.
Effect of Chickpea Cultivation on Plant Population as a Means to Improve the Fertility of Rainfed Soils through
the Enhancement of Legume Cultivation Methods
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
22
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
Technology
№
Variants
Number of Plants in a 1 m²
Permanent Plot
Total
Average
1
2
3
4
A1 –
Traditional
Technology
1
Control variant without fertilizers
23
22
20
23
88
22,0
2
P₄₀ K₄₀
applied before sowing by
broadcasting +
N₃₀
at the 3–4 true
leaf stage (spraying)
27
20
24
23
94
23,5
3
P₃₀ K₃₀
applied locally (band
method) +
N₃₀
at the 3–4 true leaf
stage (spraying) – branching stage
25
26
24
23
98
24,5
4
N₂₀ P₃₀ K₂₀
applied locally (band
method) +
N₂₀
at the 3–4 true leaf
stage (spraying) – branching stag
25
26
23
27
101
25,3
5
N₂₀ P₃₀ K₂₀
applied locally (band
method) +
N₂₀
at the 3–4 true leaf
stage
(spraying)
+
RG
(Rokogumin biopreparation)
–
2.5 L/ha +
fungicide
– 0.15 L/ha +
insecticide
– 0.15 L/ha –
branching
stage
(suspension
formulation)
27
28
25
23
103
25,8
A2 – Sowing
Based on
"Mulching"
Technology
(Using Straw)
1
Control variant without fertilizers
25
24
25
26
100
25,0
2
P₄₀K₄₀
applied before sowing by
broadcasting +
N₃₀
at the 3–4 true
leaf stage (spraying)
23
24
28
27
102
25,5
3
P₃₀K₃₀
applied locally (band
method) +
N₃₀
at the 3–4 true leaf
stage (spraying) – branching phase
26
28
27
25
106
26,5
4
N₂₀P₃₀K₂₀
applied locally (band
method) +
N₂₀
at the 3–4 true leaf
stage (spraying) – branching phase
28
26
28
27
109
27,3
5
N₂₀P₃₀K₂₀
applied locally (band
method) +
N₂₀
at the 3–4 true leaf
stage
(spraying)
+
RG
(Rokogumin biopreparation)
–
2.5 L/ha +
fungicide
– 0.15 L/ha +
insecticide
– 0.15 L/ha –
branching phase (suspension)
27
28
28
29
112
28,0
In the A2
–
Mulching Technology, mulching was
performed using straw. The experimental results were
significantly higher compared to the traditional
technology. Under this approach, the number of plants
in each variant was higher
—
even in the control variant
without fertilizers, a noticeable difference was
observed, with an average of 25 plants/m². In Variant
2, the plant count reached 25.5. In Variant 3, with band
fertilizer application, this indicator increased to 26.5. In
Variant 4, an average of 27.3 plants was recorded. The
best result was observed in Variant 5, where
biopreparations and protective agents were applied
—
yielding 28.0 plants/m². This technology helped retain
soil moisture, thereby improving seed germination
rates and seedling viability. The organic cover created
a favorable microclimate, increasing microbial activity
in the soil, while integrated treatment with
biopreparations and fertilizers enhanced plant health
and development.
In conclusion, the mulching technology proved superior
to traditional methods, having a significant positive
effect on plant population. The fertilizer-free control
under mulching technology showed results comparable
to fertilized variants in the traditional system, with 25
plants/m². Band fertilization allowed for efficient
fertilizer use, contributing to improved outcomes. The
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
23
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
combined use of biopreparations, fungicides, and
insecticides strengthened plant vitality and biological
activity.
The experiments demonstrated that regardless of soil
conditions, modern agrotechnical approaches
—
especially ecological and biological technologies
—
serve as effective tools for improving soil fertility and
achieving stable yields.
REFERENCES
A.S.Muratkasimov. Lalmi tipik bo‘z tuproqlar
ning
hozirgi holati va ulardan samarali foydalanish yo‘llari
(G‘allaorol tumani tuproqlari misolida). Qishloq xo‘jaligi
fanlari bo‘yicha falsafa doktori (PhD) ilmiy darajasini
olish uchun yozilgan dissertatsiyasi. Toshkent, 2019. 11
b.
L.A.Alibekov.
O‘r
ta
osiyo
tabiiy
geografiyasi.
Samarqand 2006. B 65-66.
Доспехов Б.А. Методика полевого опыта (с
основами статистической обработки результатов
исследований) Москва. Агропромиздат, 1985.
-351
с.
Аринушкина Е.В. Руководства по химическому
анализу почв //М. МГУ. 1970.
-
197 с.
Dala tajribalariini o‘tkazish uslublari // O‘zPITI,
Toshkent, 2007, -B. 1-146.
