American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
37
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue07 2025
PAGE NO.
37-40
10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue07-07
Evaluation of Technological Quality Indicators of Rice
Samples Under the Conditions of Karakalpakstan
Kamalov Miyirbek Murat ogli
Head of the Rice Selection and Seed Production Laboratory, Grain and Rice Scientific Production Association, Uzbekistan
Adilbaeva Aysuliw Amanbay qizi
Student of the Karakalpakstan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Uzbekistan
Kazakbaeva Iroda Saparbaevna
Student of the Karakalpakstan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Uzbekistan
Ibraymova Ayzada Kewlimjay qizi
Master's student at Berdakh Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan
Received:
24 May 2025;
Accepted:
20 June 2025;
Published:
22 July 2025
Abstract:
This study analyzed the technological quality indicators
—
such as head rice yield, broken grain ratio, and
translucency
—
of rice variety samples adapted to the agroecological conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan.
Based on the research results, rice samples with complex valuable agronomic traits such as D-8 otb D-133 K-99,
D-281, D-18 Urazbay, and D-249, D-106 otb Damir (8) oct were identified. These samples demonstrated high
technological quality and are recommended as starting materials for breeding programs.
Keywords:
Rice, variety, selection, grain, technological indicator.
Introduction:
Rice is one of the world’s major staple
food crops, and with the growing global population, the
demand for rice is increasing annually. In Uzbekistan,
the rice industry plays a crucial role in ensuring national
food security. In particular, rice cultivation in the
Republic of Karakalpakstan is carried out under harsh
agroclimatic conditions, making the development of
highly productive and technologically suitable rice
varieties adapted to the region’s environment a
pressing issue.
The region's specific climatic conditions
—
including
saline soils with heavy texture, water scarcity, spring
frosts, and a short growing season
—
negatively affect
rice development. Therefore, creating early-maturing,
stress-tolerant varieties that meet the requirements
for technological processing is of significant
importance.
Karakalpakstan's geography and climate differ greatly
from other regions of Uzbekistan. Located in the lower
reaches of the Amu Darya, fields often contain various
types of alluvial soils with differing salinity levels. The
climate is hot and dry in summer, but spring
temperatures remain cool until the second decade of
May. Early frosts in the third decade of September limit
the rice growing season due to insufficient biological
active temperatures.
The rice varieties currently cultivated in Karakalpakstan
often do not fully meet the technological and industrial
processing
requirements,
which
necessitates
comprehensive research into developing improved
varieties. Soil salinity is the main factor behind the
reduction in rice productivity and quality. Creating salt-
tolerant varieties is therefore a critical priority.
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
Depending on these factors, it is necessary to develop
early- and ultra-early-maturing rice varieties with high
technological characteristics suitable for global
markets. Under extreme environmental stress, the role
of resistant varieties becomes especially important in
increasing rice productivity.
In addressing these challenges, the selection of
appropriate hybrid combinations and varieties adapted
to the soil and climatic conditions is crucial for
improving rice yield and quality. Studying international
and working collections under stress conditions to
identify promising genotypes is one of the key
solutions. Varieties selected from global collections can
be used as donors for creating new, high-yielding,
stress-resistant lines.
Abiotic
stresses
such
as
drought,
extreme
temperatures, heavy metals, and salinity significantly
impact the biochemical processes and development of
crops, leading to reduced productivity and threatening
food security. Among these stresses, salinity is the most
widespread and detrimental factor, limiting plant
growth, soil health, and crop yields [3].
Given the severe soil and climatic conditions of
Karakalpakstan, developing resilient rice varieties is
crucial to achieving stable productivity [1]. The region
suffers from chronic water shortages, making irrigation
a major challenge for farmers [2]. Therefore, scientific
research focused on identifying rice varieties that are
productive, salt-tolerant, disease- and pest-resistant,
and commercially viable under these conditions is
essential.
METHODS
The study was conducted at the Grain and Rice
Scientific Production Association. Quantitative and
qualitative evaluations of rice samples were carried out
using methods based on the standards of the
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI).
Rice grains were polished using a Micromputer
RicePolisher SKZ 111 B-4 model device.
•
Grain shape (L/W ratio) was determined.
•
External grain traits were assessed visually
without instruments.
•
Each fraction was weighed with 0.01 g
precision on an electronic scale and expressed in
percentage:
Percentage (%) = (Fraction mass / 100 g) × 100
The following main indicators were calculated:
•
Total rice yield (%) = Whole + Broken +
Fragments
•
Bran yield (%) = Bran mass / 100 × 100
•
Broken rice (%) = Broken mass / 100 × 100
•
Whole rice (%) = Whole rice mass / 100 × 100
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
When studying the early-ripening characteristics of the
studied variety samples compared to the widely
distributed Gulistan (standard) variety in our republic,
comparative analysis was conducted based on
technological quality indicators compared to the
"Gulistan" standard (Table 1).
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
Table 1 Classification of technological quality indicators of samples selected from breeding nurseries
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
According to experimental results, technological
quality indicators were evaluated for 10 rice samples
selected from breeding nurseries (Table 1). Based on
seed structure, samples were divided into "large" and
"d/z" (dense grain) groups. The translucency level
ranged from 92-97%, indicating high-quality grain
formation in these samples.
Total rice yield varied from 68.3 g to 78.0 g, averaging
73.18 g. This indicator corresponds to the medium-high
rice yield category according to international
standards. The highest rice yield of 78.0 g was recorded
by sample D-76 D-19 D-173 otb 1(10)(2).
Whole rice yield varied from 57.0 g to 70.4 g, averaging
63.15 g. The highest whole rice yield was determined in
samples D-8 otb D-133 K-99 (70.4 g) and D-281 D-18
Urazbay (69.3 g). This indicates their resistance to
breakage and high technological profitability during
processing.
Fragment yield varied from 3.4 g to 21.0 g, averaging
10.56 g. The lowest fragment yield was in sample D-249
D-106 otb Damir (8)oct (3.4 g), indicating mature and
unbreakable grain characteristics.
Additionally, total and whole rice yield percentages
were shown, with the highest values around
78.0% (total rice) and 70.4% (whole rice), which fully
comply with international quality standards (according
to IRRI: ≥70% whole rice yield is required for high
-
quality varieties).
CONCLUSION
From the conducted research, it can be concluded that
the selected rice varieties and samples with high
indicators for whole grain yield, fragment content, and
translucency were presented to breeding scientists for
creating new types of varieties and samples.
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