American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue07 2025
PAGE NO.
11-16
10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue07-03
Clinical and Homatological Indications of Local Bulls
Examined by Different Methods
Urokov Botir Sayfiddinovich
Independent researcher at the Research Institute of Livestock and Poultry, Uzbekistan
Received:
19 May 2025;
Accepted:
15 June 2025;
Published:
17 July 2025
Abstract:
The article provides detailed data on changes in the clinical and morphological indicators of the blood
composition of castrated and uncastrated local bulls at different ages and depending on the seasons.
Keywords:
Castrated, uncastrated, number of breaths, heartbeats, div temperature, red blood cells, white blood
cells, hemoglobin, metabolism, meat productivity, seasons, and age periods.
Introduction:
The relevance of the subject
. The global
consumer market is currently experiencing an
increasing demand for meat and meat products. The
high demand for meat and meat products requires
intensive and efficient methods of fattening livestock.
In particular, the feeding of livestock with various
biologically active substances to accelerate fattening
during fattening affects the quality of the meat
produced. As a result, the needs of consumers for high
quality meat products are not fully covered. Castration
of animals intended for fattening is one of the
important measures in improving the quantity and
quality of the meat of agricultural animals [1; 87-90p;
2; 25p; 3; 8-13p.].
The meat of castrated cattle is fat, soft, and does not
have a specific unpleasant smell and taste. Castrated
animals lose excess movements, which makes them
easier to use and care for [10; 56p; 11; 5p; 12; 65-68p.].
In order to develop effective methods of meat
production, many scientists have conducted dozens of
studies on the formation of meat characteristics in the
Simmental breed in its pure form and in its offspring
obtained from crossing it with other breeds [4; 26 p; 5;
5-8p; 6; 159p; 7; 152p; 8; 82-85p; 9; 33-35p.].
Leading scientists from many countries of the world are
conducting research on creating economically efficient
and optimal technologies for fattening agricultural
animals, including bulls, further increasing the
efficiency of the beef cattle industry, increasing the
quantity and improving the quality of the meat
produced.
As one of the important measures of sustainable
development of beef cattle breeding in our republic in
the next years, including increasing the source of
income of the population, large-scale production of
high-quality meat at a low cost is considered one of the
urgent tasks. Expanding the scope of scientific research
in this area is of particular importance.
Thus, increasing the meat productivity of cattle and
solving the problem of high-quality meat production,
intensive breeding and feeding of cattle, use of efficient
methods of fattening, increasing the income of the
population due to the increase in the productivity of
local bulls in the households of the population,
increasing the number of new and productive livestock,
using their meat productivity at a high level of genetic
potential, a large amount of meat and high issues of
growing protein products are the current problems of
today.
The purpose of the research
. The purpose of the
research is to increase the productivity of meat and
improve the quality of meat by breeding local bulls in
the conditions of meat-growing entities (farms, farmers
and private farms).
METHODS
In the course of scientific research, the data obtained
by zootechnical, biological and statistical methods
were determined and processed by computer
according to the methods of (E.K. Merkureva, 1970).
Scientific research work was carried out at the
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
experimental farm of the Research Institute of
Livestock and Poultry.
RESULTS
In the evaluation of the general physiological state of
local bulls that have been slaughtered and not
slaughtered in different ways in the experimental
groups, it is important to study their clinical
parameters. In the research, the clinical parameters of
the bulls in the experimental groups: div
temperature, heart rate and respiration rate were
studied, and their physiological state was evaluated
(Tables 1-2).
1-Table.
Variation of clinical parameters of 6-15-month-old bulls in the experimental groups by seasons
Indicators
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Х±Sx
Cv,
%
Х±Sx
Cv,
%
Х±Sx
Cv,
%
Х±Sx
Cv,
%
6 months old, Spring (April)
Body
temperature,
°C
38,3±0,15 1,23
38,2±0,14
1,17 **38,3±0,1
8
1,52 **38,1±0,2
3
1,89
Heart rate,
minute/beat
64,8±0,94 4,59
65,0±1,22
5,94 *65,1±1,16 5,63 64,9±1,11 5,41
Number of
respirations,
minute/time
27,9±0,55 6,20 **28,2±0,63 7,05 27,8±0,65 7,35 27,8±0,59 6,74
9 months old, Summer (July)
Body
temperature,
°C
38,6±0,27 2,22
38,7±0,29
2,39 38,3±0,24 1,96 38,6±0,24
1,95
Heart rate,
minute/beat
66,0±0,92 4,40
66,4±0,50
2,38 **67,1±0,5
9
2,76 66,8±0,74
3,51
Number of
respirations,
minute/time
28,6±0,50 5,52 *28,4±0,58 6,47 29,0±0,49 5,39 28,5±0,45
5,03
12 ойлик, Куз (октябрь)
Body
temperature,
°C
38,2±0,23 1,92
38,4±0,22
1,80 *38,0±0,23 1,86 38,2±0,27
2,22
Heart rate,
minute/beat
63,3±0,93 4,65
63,2±0,87
4,34 64,0±0,86 4,23 *63,1±0,66 3,29
Number of
respirations,
minute/time
26,1±0,53 6,37
26,0±0,54
6,54 26,6±0,50 5,93 **26,8±0,4
4
5,22
15 months old, Winter (January)
Body
temperature,
°C
38,1±0,3
0
2,48
38,1±0,26
2,16 38,2±0,25 2,04 **38,1±0,
20
1,66
Heart rate,
minute/beat
61,8±0,6
1
3,13 **62,0±0,7
9
4,02 62,1±0,74 3,75 61,9±0,59 2,99
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
*P˂0,05; **P˂0,01; *** P˂0,001;
2-Table.
Changes in the clinical parameters of 18- and 21-month-old bulls in the experimental groups by seasons
*P˂0,05; **P˂0,01; *** P˂0,001;
As shown in Tables 1-2, the div temperature, heart
rate, and respiratory rate of local bulls in the control
and experimental groups were within normal limits,
depending on the season and age. According to the
results of the study, the level of reliability of the change
in clinical indicators of bulls by season in the control
and experimental groups II, III, IV at the age of 6 to 21
months was **P˂0.01 units. It also shows that the
clinical indicators of all groups of bulls in the summer
season were higher than in the winter, spring and
autumn seasons, which indicates that the metabolic
processes in the div of the bulls are slightly higher due
to the influence of the hot air temperature in the
summer season. Due to the fact that the bulls in the
Number of
respirations,
minute/time
25,5±0,5
4
6,73
26,0±0,52
6,28 *25,8±0,6
3
7,71 25,9±0,55 6,68
Indicators
Groups
I
II
III
IV
Х±Sx
Cv,
%
Х±Sx
Cv,
%
Х±Sx
Cv,
%
Х±Sx
Cv,
%
18 months old, Spring (April)
Body
temperatu
re, °C
38,2±0,27
2,2
1
38,1±0,21
1,7
8
*38,3±0,21
1,7
4
38,1±0,22
1,8
4
Heart rate,
minute/be
at
65,8±1,01
4,8
5
**65,1±0,6
7
3,2
7
66,1±0,91
4,3
6
65,9±0,67
3,2
3
Number
of
respiratio
ns,
minute/ti
me
27,1±0,57
6,6
1
28,1±0,75
8,4
6
28,5±0,52
5,7
9
*27,9±0,55
6,2
0
21 months old, Summer (July)
Body
temperatu
re, °C
38,8±0,40
3,2
3
38,9±0,23
1,8
4
38,8±0,25
2,0
2
38,7±0,31
2,5
0
Heart rate,
minute/be
at
69,0±0,95
4,3
7
70,0±0,70
3,1
6
70,1±0,78
3,5
2
**69,8±0,79
3,5
6
Number
of
respiratio
ns,
minute/ti
me
29,9±0,53
5,5
6
30,1±0,46
4,8
1
*30,3±0,45
4,6
8
29,5±0,52
5,5
9
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
experiment belong to the local breed and were born
and cared for in the conditions of our republic, there
was no significant difference between the groups in
terms of clinical parameters. This indicates that local
bulls are resistant to natural climatic conditions of the
republic.
The study of blood indicators is of particular
importance in assessing the general physiological state
of bulls, the process of metabolism in their bodies and
the level of feeding. Blood is in constant motion in the
div, flows through tissues and organs, washes it and
actively participates in the vital activities of cows. Blood
performs a number of vital functions in the div:
nourishing
cells,
breathing,
protecting
them,
maintaining water balance in tissues, maintaining div
temperature, and others. Blood is functionally related
to the growth and development of animals and their
productivity indicators, ensuring the vitality of all cells
in the div. That is why hematological parameters of
blood composition are of great importance in the study
of the interior of bulls and its evaluation. The
composition of the blood varies depending on the age
of the bulls, their physiological state, feeding
conditions, season, etc. In a healthy organism, all
random variations in blood composition are controlled
by neurohumoral systems. Also, various influences on
the organism are reflected in the blood composition,
that is, its composition changes in a positive or negative
direction. In the study, the morphological composition
of the blood composition of the bulls in the
experimental groups was studied (Table 3).
3-Table
Hematological parameters of blood composition of local bulls in experimental groups
Blood indicators
Erythrocytes
(mln/ml³)
Leukocytes
(min/ml³)
Hemoglobin
(g/%)
Standard,±
6,5 (5,5-8,5)
7,0 (4,5-12,0)
12,0 (10,0-14,0)
Groups
Х±Sx
Cv,%
Х±Sx
Cv,%
Х±Sx
Cv,%
During the 90 days of the experiment
I-control group
(not treated)
6,15±0,32
16,4
3
7,39±0,63
27,0
5
10,30±0,15
4,69
II-experimental group
(surgically tested)
*6,68±0,34 16,0
6
8,21±0,32
12,3
2
11,03±0,32
9,31
III-experimental group
(tested by tying with rubber)
*6,85±0,31 14,2
2
8,32±0,36
13,7
6
*12,11±0,48 12,58
IV-experimental group
(tested by clamp method)
**7,51±0,1
7
6,99
*8,51±0,22
8,22
12,35±0,41 10,46
During the 540 days of the experiment
I-control group
(not treated)
6,25±0,26
13,3
9
8,26±0,55
21,1
9
10,32±0,15
4,59
II-experimental group
(surgically tested)
6,88±0,22
10,2
8
8,35±0,61
23,2
9
11,22±0,33
9,18
III-experimental group
(tested by tying with rubber)
7,48±0,21
8,75 **9,21±0,51 17,6
8
**12,10±0,4
8
12,59
IV-experimental group
(tested by clamp method)
*8,12±0,09 3,45 **10,12±0,4
8
15,0
9
*12,27±0,44 11,25
During the 630 days of the experiment
I-control group
(not treated)
6,89±0,29
13,1
5
8,66±0,47
17,1
7
11,52±0,45 12,39
II-experimental group
(surgically tested)
7,15±0,31
13,5
9
9,15±0,43
14,9
3
12,22±0,36
9,43
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
*P˂0,05; **P˂0,01; ***P˂0,001;
According to Table 3, on the 90th day of the
experiment, the average number of erythrocytes in the
blood of bulls in group I (control) was 6.15 million/ml³,
this indicator was 6.68 million/ml³ in group II, 6.85
million/ml³ in group III and 7.51 million/ml³ in group IV.
This indicator was higher in comparison with
uncastrated bulls in the control group than in their
counterparts castrated by various methods: in group II
by 0.53 million/ml³ (7.9%), in group III by 0.70
million/ml³ (10.2%), in group IV by 1.36 million/ml³
(18.1%).
On the 540th day of the experiment, the average
number of erythrocytes in the blood of bulls in group I
(control) was 6.25 million/ml³, this indicator was 6.88
million/ml³ in group II, 7.48 million/ml³ in group III and
8.12 million/ml³ in group IV. This indicator was higher
than that of uncastrated bulls in the control group
compared to their counterparts castrated by various
methods: in group II by 0.63 million/ml³ (9.2%), in
group III by 1.23 million/ml³ (16.4%), in group IV by 1.87
million/ml³ (23.0%).
By the end of the experiment, i.e. on day 630, the
average number of erythrocytes in the blood of bulls in
group I (control) was 6.89 million/ml³, this indicator
was 7.15 million/ml³ in group II, 7.86 million/ml³ in
group III and 8.25 million/ml³ in group IV. This indicator
was higher than that of uncastrated bulls in the control
group compared to their counterparts castrated by
various methods: in group II by 0.26 million/ml³ (3.6%),
in group III by 0.97 million/ml³ (12.3%), in group IV by
1.36 million/ml³ (16.5%). Also, the number of
leukocytes in the blood of bulls in the experimental
groups was higher than that of uncastrated bulls in the
control group by 90 days of the experiment compared
to their counterparts in the different methods: in group
II by 10.0%, in group III by 11.2%, in group IV by 13.2%.
The number of leukocytes was higher than that of
uncastrated bulls in the control group by 540 days of
the experiment compared to their counterparts in the
different methods: in group II by 1.1%, in group III by
10.3%, in group IV by 18.4%.
Also, the number of leukocytes on the 630th day of the
experiment was higher in the control group than in the
control group, which was inseminated by different
methods, by 5.4% in group II, by 12.3% in group III, and
by 25.3% in group IV.
Similarly, the hemoglobin content in the blood of bulls
in the experimental groups was higher on the 90th day
of the experiment than in the control group compared
to their unsprayed counterparts, respectively: in group
II by 6.6%, in group III by 14.9%, and in group IV by
16.6%. It was found that the hemoglobin content in the
control group compared to their unsprayed
counterparts, respectively: in group II by 8.0%, in group
III by 14.7%, and in group IV by 15.9%. By the end of the
experiment, on day 630, it was found that hemoglobin
levels were higher than those in the control group by
5.7% in group II, 7.5% in group III, and 15.1% in group
IV, respectively.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the clinical condition and morphological
blood composition of local bulls in all groups were
within the normal range, but this indicator was higher
in castrated bulls than in uncastrated bulls. There was
no significant difference between groups in the amount
of blood elements, only in the bulls in the clamp-
castrated group these indicators were higher than in
their peers at all times and showed that castration with
a “painless” and harmless clamp
-castration was
effective.
Also, a slight fluctuation of these indicators relative to
each other had a positive effect on the div of bulls fed
on the basis of a complete ration. It indicates that the
process of metabolism in them is accelerated.
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(tested by tying with rubber)
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