Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
7
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
7-10
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article provides information on soil fertility, mechanical composition, general physical properties, and
classification by erosion level. Erosion processes influence soil fertility and, in turn, soil agronomic properties.
KEYWORDS
Degradation, erosion, mass, volume, ratio, porosity, mechanical composition.
INTRODUCTION
The quality and composition of the fertility of irrigated
soils around the world is changing every year, including
"1.5 billion in the world. 0.4 billion hectares of arable
land. hectare of high quality, 0.8 bln. hectare of good
quality and 0.3 bln. hectares are unproductive lands.
Soil salinity has a serious effect on the decrease of
productivity. Therefore, it is important to identify
degradation processes that affect soil productivity, to
develop scientific solutions aimed at preventing such
negative processes, to increase and protect soil
productivity, and to effectively use land resources.
In the world, scientific research is being carried out
aimed at finding ways to effectively use lands
degraded under the influence of various negative
processes, whose productivity and quality indicators
have decreased, and to obtain the desired yield from
agricultural crops by restoring their productivity. In this
regard, special attention is being paid to researches
related to the management of land resources by
studying the conditions of soils with different levels of
erosion, selecting and planting suitable crop types, and
constantly monitoring soil fertility. Currently, the
productivity level of most of the lands used in
agriculture, their ecological and melioration status is
Research Article
SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE FERTILITY OF IRRIGATED SOILS
Submission Date:
May 31, 2024,
Accepted Date:
June 05, 2024,
Published Date:
June 10, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue06-02
Orazaliyeva Maftuna
Teacher at the Department of Agro-Soil Science and Reclamation at Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
8
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
7-10
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
not at the required level, but it is also observed that the
fertility of the soils on the lands of farmers and farms is
at a high level. . When using soils of any type and type,
their productivity is demonstrated in practice, and local
agromelioration and agrotechnological measures
developed for this climate are used. With the help of
the application of such measures, it is often possible to
partially achieve the goal of increasing the soil fertility.
However, increasing the accumulation of organic
matter in the soil is necessary to increase the relatively
stable and effective productivity of the soil, which is
the main goal for the radical increase of soil fertility. For
this, it is necessary to introduce the system of crop
rotation, which currently prevails in agricultural
practice, based on the soil-climatic conditions.
According to the results of many studies, soil humus
has a positive effect on its main properties.
Determining the fertility of irrigated soils depends on
their humus, phosphorus and potassium status. Based
on the observations, in the irrigated soils of the gray
soil region, especially in their upper layers, the total
amount of humus, and accordingly, the reduction of
total nitrogen was determined. It should also be noted
that the amount of humus in the arable layer of
cultured soils when high agrotechnics are used in the
old and newly irrigated soils of the republic is 1.18-1.32%,
in some cases 1.63-1.78% and more found to be high. By
applying more organic fertilizers to the soil, it gives
opportunities to maintain and increase their fertility.
Another reason for the decrease in the productivity of
irrigated soils is the violation of the law of timely return
of nutrients and other substances taken from the soil.
Cotton, grain plants, fruits, vegetables, and sugarcane
crops grown annually on irrigated soils in large
quantities remove a certain amount of nutrients, i.e.,
the crop and vegetative parts. Maintaining and
increasing the fertility of soils used in agricultural
practice directly depends on their correct and effective
use. The rational use of the soil layer, which is an
important part of the earth's resources, preserves and
increases its productivity. From this point of view, in
some lands, as a result of improper use of the soil,
there are cases of its fertility decreasing. One of the
important issues in maintaining and protecting soil
fertility is the enrichment of the soil with organic
matter and the correct placement of crops. According
to the results of the analysis of scientific research, even
in any type and type of soil, there are opportunities to
increase the amount of humus in it by properly
organizing the farming system. Recent studies have
shown that dehumification of soils leads to a decrease
in soil fertility. The reduction of organic matter in soils
is accompanied by the loss of many positive
agrochemical properties. The decrease of humus in the
soil is an example of almost no alternating planting
with alfalfa, not planting siderates, and not using
organic fertilizers. In order to improve soil humus, it is
necessary to apply organic fertilizer (manure) to all
lands. As an additional source of such fertilizers, straw,
cotton stalks, plant roots, various livestock.
The amount of nutrients in the soil (nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur,
iron, boron, manganese and other microelements)
depends on the composition of the soil, the rocks that
form it, and the underlying bedrock, as well as the soil-
forming processes. Soil reaction has a great influence
on the absorption of microelements by plants. Nutrient
reserves in the soil are maintained by applying mineral
and organic fertilizers. An important condition for
fertility is the absence of excessive amounts of water-
soluble salts, mainly sodium, as well as magnesium,
calcium and other cations in the soil. Excessive salt
content in the soil - soil salinity is mainly caused by
improper irrigation, resulting in a sharp decrease in
productivity. Saline lands are washed to remove
harmful salts from the soil layer (see Salt Leaching). In
order to prevent salinity, the watering regime is
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
9
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
7-10
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
determined depending on the nature and composition
of the soil. Irrigation in drought areas, including
irrigated farming zones, significantly increases soil
fertility. Low soil fertility is often due to the presence
of pathogenic organisms. Their elimination by means
of chemical (sterilization of insects, spraying of
fungicides, etc.) and agrotechnical measures (rotation
of crops, tillage) dramatically increases the effective
fertility of the soil. To preserve soil fertility, the soil is
cultivated in ways that do not allow erosion.
CONCLUSION
Due to the process of erosion, the mechanical
composition of the soil has changed. Due to the
formation of different conditions of local soil, it is not
the same according to its mechanical composition. An
increase in fractions from eroded soils to non-eroded
soils was observed. It was observed that the general
physical properties of soils in the researched area have
deteriorated due to erosion processes. It affects soil
fertility and, in turn, the agronomic properties of the
soil. Depending on the degree of erosion and slope
exposure, soil type and grain size, specific gravity
varied across soil layers. A change in porosity was
observed in accordance with the amount of
comparison and bulk density.
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VOLUME
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Pages:
7-10
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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