Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
18
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
18-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The comprehensive study of changes in the content of cytokinins, indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid ABA,
growth rates, and development of potatoes during soil salinity NaCl. Studies have shown that the hormonal balance
of potato organs throughout ontogenesis under the influence of NaCl salinity undergoes significant changes: the
content of cytokines and auxins decreases, the level of ABA increases, as a result, the ratio of cytokines +IAA/ABA falls.
These changes in the hormonal balance are not only the result of a stress response but also have an adaptive value.
The conducted research allowed us to find out the relationship between changes in hormonal balance and
physiological processes.
KEYWORDS
Salinity, Potatoes, Cytokines, Auxin, Hormone balance.
INTRODUCTION
One of the most important tasks of modem biology
and chemistry is to increase the resistance of plants at
the stages of growth and development to external
stress factors. Topical issues of these Sciences in this
direction are considered to be the study of
phytohormones, which play a major role in the
development of plants.
Potatoes, unlike other agricultural plants, are
characterized by relative instability to the influence of
external factors. But some abiotic and biotic factors
Research Article
EFFECT OF SOIL SALINITY LEVELS ON PHYTOGORMONE BALANCE IN
POTATO ADAPTATION
Submission Date:
December 02, 2023,
Accepted Date:
December 06, 2023,
Published Date:
December 11, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue12-04
Saidov Madilkhan Azizkhanovich
Senior Lecturer, Department Of Biology, Gulistan State University, Doctor Of Philosophy In Biological Sciences,
Uzbekistan
Almamatov Bahromjon Uktamovich
Senior Lecturer, Department Of Biology, Gulistan State University, Doctor Of Philosophy In Biological Sciences,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
19
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
18-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
lead to negative consequences at the stages of growth
and development of potatoes. In most cases, increased
salinity of the soil can lead to the death of potatoes. In
such cases, methods of phytohormonal regulation of
growth and development of seedlings are widely used,
which is of strategic importance in obtaining potential
products [1-3].
Salts have a double effect on plant seedlings. First, they
create high osmotic pressure in the soil solution, which
leads to strong binding of water. This makes it difficult
for the roots of plants to absorb water, which is called
osmotic stress. Secondly, salt ions absorbed together
with water have a depressing effect on the metabolic
processes of plants, which is called ion stress [4].
Most researchers have linked the effect of salts on
plants with the deterioration of the water balance and
the toxicity of Na+ and Cl-ions [5-7]. However, the role
of phytohormones in protective and adaptive
mechanisms is not sufficiently covered.
In this work, a comprehensive study of changes in the
content of cytokinins, IAA, and ABA, growth rates, and
development of potatoes during salinization of NaCl
soil was carried out.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The experiment involved 5 cloned potato varieties
(Solanum tuberosum L)-C-16, C-17, C-4, C-5, Santa, and I
local variety scissors leaf. The research was carried out
in laboratory and vegetation experiments.
Embedded experiments: 1. control; 2. 2% NaCl, 3. 2.5%
NaCl, 4. 3% NaC1, 5. control + 6-benzyl amino purine
(BAP), 6. 2% NaCl + 6-BAP, 7. 2.5% NaCl :- 6-BAP, 8. 3%
NaCl 6-BAP, 9. control, ABA, 10. 2% NaCl + ABA, 11. 2.5%
NaCl, ABA, 12.3% NaC1 + ABA. NaCl was introduced as a
solution with irrigation water during germination
(laboratory experiments), and during the vegetation
phase (vegetation experiments). Spraying with a
solution of 6-
BAP (’ lx l0 6 M) and ABA (’1x l0 6 M) in
vegetation experiments was carried out in the
vegetation phases, in laboratory experiments
—
the
next day after applying NaCl. The concentrations of the
introduced hormones and NaCl were determined by
selecting the specific features of the selected object.
Control plants were sprayed with water. During
ontogenesis, the intensity of growth processes (the
mass of plant organs), the number of free cytokines
(zeatin), auxins (IAA), and abscisic acid were
determined using the ELISA (enzyme-linked immune
electro diffusion essay) test method.
Plant samples were selected in the main phases of
ontogenesis, starting from the three-leaf phase, in 4-
fold biological and 3-fold analytical repetitions. When
evaluating the differences between the options, the
student's criterion was used, considering the
differences to be reliable at a confidence level of 0.95.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The effect of extreme factors is manifested in many
metabolic reactions of plants, and primarily affects the
state of the phytohormonal system [l0,ll].
The analysis of the obtained data allows, first of all, to
compare the change in the ontogenesis of the
hormonal balance with the growth rate of potatoes.
During the growing season, the content of zeatin,
auxin, and the cytokines IAA/ABA ratio changes along
a single-vertex curve with a maximum in the flowering
phase (Fig. 1). An increase in the level of cytokines in
the first half of vegetation may be due to an increase in
the formation of tubers [8]. The ABA content in potato
organs increases continuously during ontogenesis (Fig.
I). The dynamics of the hormonal balance to a certain
extent corresponds to the change in the growth rate
of potatoes. In the first half of the growing season,
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
20
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
18-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
against the background of an increase in the content
of zeatin, and IAA, the intensity of growth processes
increases. In the second half of the growing season, a
decrease in growth-stimulating hormones and an
increase in ABA levels is accompanied by a decrease in
the growth rate of potato organs. This once again
demonstrates the increasing role of ABA in the
processes of aging and transition to a state of rest [8].
The change in growing conditions
—
the introduction
of NaCl-significantly affected the hormonal situation
and, as a result, the growth rate of potatoes. This was
especially pronounced at a high dose of NaCl (3%).
Plants of this variant were characterized by a sharp
decrease in the content of zeatin, IAA and an increased
level of ABA (Fig. 1), which led to a decrease in the
cytokines +IAA/ABA ratio. At the same time, a greater
deviation in the reaction of the phytohormonal system
from the norm (the variant without applying NaCl) was
observed in the first phases (after applying NaCl), while
by the end of the growing season, the effect of salt was
smoothed (Fig. 1).
Figure 1. The contents of endogenous hormones at different levels of NaCl salinity, ng/g dry weight
Variant
Cytokines
IAA
ABA
6-
BAP/IAA/ABA
Control
301,1+0,5
100
236,6+2,3
100
281,3+3,1
100
1,9
Control+BAP
288,2+3,3
95,7
267,5+1,3
113
261,2+3,3
92,9
2,4
2% NaCI
298,7+2,1
99,2
144,9+2,1
61,2
321,2+2,5
114,2
1,4
2% NaCI+6-BAP
294,2+,3
97,7
232,5+2,2
98,3
301,2+l,3
107
1,8
2,5% NaC1
277,2+4,3
92
99,9+0,5
42,2
348,1+3,5
123,7
1,0
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
21
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
18-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
2,5% NaCI+6-BAP
301,4+0,6
100,1
147+3,7
62,2
358,4+2,3
127,4
1,2
3% NaCI
266,5+2,5
88,5
72,7+2,8
30,7
363,3+2,5
129,2
0,8
3% NaCI+6-BAP
268,3+3,2
89,1
127,9+2,8
54,1
377,4+2,3
134,2
1,0
Table 1. Effect of 6-BAP treatment on the content of potato phytohormones at different levels of salinity (lowering
phase), rig / g of dry weight
It is necessary to underline that changes in the content
of endogenous hormones and their ratio under the
influence of stress factors have an adaptive value [8,12-
14]. External conditions, including salinity, are
triggering mechanisms that include the response of
the hormonal system and, thus, stand at the beginning
of the chain of regulatory processes [8,12].
To find out the specifics of the action of 6-BAP and ABA
under optimal conditions and the effect of salinity, the
dynamics of phytohormones were analyzed. The
choice of substances is related to the available data on
their protective effect. The literature describes the
antagonistic nature of the physiological action of 6-
BAP and ABA [8,12].
Treatment of 6-BAP both in the variant without adding
NaC1, and, most importantly, in the conditions of
salinity, NaCl increased the content of growth-
stimulating hormones (cytokinins and auxins) and
ABA, while the ratio of cytokinin IAA/ABA increases
(table 1).
At the background of such changes in the hormonal
balance, there is an increase in the formation of tubers.
Thus, it can be considered that the exogenous
introduction of cytokines contributes to the formation
of adaptive abilities of potatoes to the action of salts.
On the example of two wheat varieties, different
sensitivity of plants to 6-BAP processing is shown. The
Sante variety showed great responsiveness to the
exogenous introduction of a synthetic analog of
cytokines.
ABA treatment invariants without adding NaCl and
against the background of salinization had the
opposite effect on the course of plant physiological
processes. In optimal conditions of growing potatoes,
when applying ABA, the endogenous content of
cytokines and auxins is reduced, the level of ABA is
increased, and, as a result, the ratio of cytokines
IAA/ABA is reduced.
Under the conditions of NaCl salinity, ABA treatment
had a different effect on the hormonal system and the
course of physiological processes in potatoes. An
increase in the ratio of cytokines +IAA/ABA has been
experimentally shown mainly due to the accumulation
of cytokines and IAA.
Analysis of the obtained data showed that exogenous
application of ABA against the background of NaC1
salinity reduces the stress load on the plant. The
introduction of ABA increases the intensity of growth
processes and productivity of potatoes growrt under
the conditions ofNaCl salinity (Fig. 2). Thus, it can be
considered that under the conditions of the stress
factor, ABA processing had a protective effect.
Spraying potatoes with 6-BAP have a greater
stimulating effect compared to ABA (Fig. 2). The
protective effect of the exogenous 6-BAP treatment
on potatoes was shown when the soil was salted at a
concentration of 2.5% NaCl, while ABA only leveled the
effect of salts.
CONCLUSIONS
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
22
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
18-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
As our research has shown, changes in physiological
processes under the influence of NaCl are at least
partially mediated by changes in hormonal status. It
can be assumed that the resistance of potatoes to NaCl
salinity is mediated by the peculiarities of changes in
the hormonal system. The research shows the
possibility of using the exogenous application of
phytoregulators to increase plant tolerance to salinity.
ABA treatment of potatoes results in compensation for
the effects of NaCl. In this case, the nature of the
physiological response of plants depends on the level
of salinity and is mediated by the direction of changes
in the endogenous content of hormones and their
ratio.
The study of mechanisms and possibilities for adjusting
the hormonal balance opens up prospects for
managing the adaptation process and increasing the
stability of agricultural plants.
Figure 2. EfTect of ABA treatment on the content of phytohormones of potatoes at different levels of salinity
(earing phase), ng / g of diy mass.
REFERENCES
1.
Kulaeva O.N. Hormonal
regulation
of
physiological processes in plants at the level of
RNA synthesis and protein // XLI Timiryazevskoe
chtenie. Moscow: Nauka, 1982, 82 p.
2.
Muromtsev G.S.. Agnistikova V.N. Gibberelliny.
Moscow, 1984, 208 p.
3.
Muromtsev G.S., Chkanikov D.I., Kulaeva O.N.,
Hamburg K.Z. The basis of chemical regulation of
growth and productivity of plants. Moscow:
Agropromizdat, 1987, 381p.
4.
Santa-Maria G.E., Epstein E. Potassium / sodium
selectivity in wheat and the amphiploid cross
wheat x Lophopyrum elongatum. // Plant Sci., 2001.
160: 532-534.
5.
Yasar F. Effects of salt stress on ion and lipid
peroxidation content in green beans genotypes. //
Asian J. Biochem. 2006. (Submitted)
6.
Wolf 0., Munns R., Tonnet M., Jeschke W.D. The
role of the stem in the partitioning of Na + and K +
in salt-treated barley. // J. Exp. Bot., 1991. 42: 278-
282.
7.
Taleisnik E., Grunberg K. Ion balance in tomato
cultivars differing in salt tolerance. I. Sodium and
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
23
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
18-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
potassium accumulation and fluxes under
moderate salinity. // Physiol. Plant., 1994. 92: 528
—
534.
8.
Kefeli V.I., Protasova N.N. Hormonal aspects of the
interaction of growth and photosynthesis //
Photosynthesis and production process. Moscow:
Nauka, 1988, pp.153-163.
9.
9. Dospexov
B.A. Methodology
of field
opyta.-
M.: Agropromizdat, 1985.
10.
Tarchevskiy I.A. Catabolism and stress in plants. 52-
e Timiryazevskoe chtenie. M.: 1993. Nauka, 80 p.
11.
Pustovoytova TN, Bavrina TV, Lojnikova VN,
Zhdanova N.E. Using transgenic plants to elucidate
the role of cytokines in drought resistance // Dokl.
RAN, 1997, 354: 702-704.
12.
Bemikova MV Hormonal regulation of lectin wheat
in stressful conditions. Author. Ph.D. thesis Ufa.
1997. 24s.
13.
Bezrukova MV, Saxabutdinova AR, Fatkhutdinova
RA and others. Influence of salicylic acid on the
content of hormones in the roots and growths of
pshenitsy with water deficiency // Agroximiya,
2001. 2: 51-55.
14.
Bezrukova M.V., Shakirova F.M. Influence of
exogenous processing of phytohormones on the
dynamics of lectin content and abstract acids in the
growth of semen wheat // Izvestiya RAN. Ser. biol.
1999. 5: 629-933.
