Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
5
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
5-12
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Today, global climate change, along with drought, the processes of soil degradation are becoming one of the urgent
problems for scientists all over the world. In this regard, a number of works are being carried out in Uzbekistan.
According to the National Report on the State of Land Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan, only 10% (4.3 million
ha) of the 44.9 million hectares in the Republic are irrigated. About 2 million hectares (45%) of these lands are subject
to secondary salinization. There are problems with water erosion on 800,000 hectares and wind erosion on 2 million
hectares. The object of the study is dark serozem soil belonging to the region of mountain and sub-mountain soils,
formed under complex climate and relief conditions. morphological characteristics of these soils in the profile,
changes in some properties of these soils according to different exposures and slopes of the slope, including non-
eroded watershed, moderate and strongly eroded transit, and corresponding changes and washing in washed-
accumulated horizons information on monitoring processes is given.
KEYWORDS
Climate, erosion, elevation, mechanical composition, dark serozem soil, fraction, physical sand, slope exposure,
leached.
INTRODUCTION
Today, in the conditions of global climate change,
natural and anthropogenic influences on the soil cover
are increasing, and degradation, including the types
and consequences of soil erosion, is pushing for more
rapid development. According to the FAO, by 2050, soil
erosion can reduce the production of agricultural crops
Research Article
EFFECT OF EROSION PROCESSES ON SOIL PROPERTIES
Submission Date:
December 01, 2023,
Accepted Date:
December 05, 2023,
Published Date:
December 10, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue12-02
Nurullaev Azamkhon Komiljon Ogli
(Phd) Doctoral Student Of The Department Of Soil Science, National University Of Uzbekistan
Djalilova Gulnora Tulkunovna
Doctor Of Sciences In Biological, Department Of Soil Science, National University Of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
6
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
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2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
5-12
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
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5.
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OCLC
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1290679216
Publisher:
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by 10% and lead to the loss of 75 billion tons of soil . The
origin of these problems depends on the influence of
natural conditions (climate, geomorphology, soil-
forming rocks) and anthropogenic factors. Erosion risk
is assessed by the volume of potential soil erosion. The
geomorphological factor, soil characteristics largely
determine the rate of erosion, because the speed and
strength of water flows, their concentration in certain
areas, the unevenness of the relief, and soil erosion
resistance are related to the characteristics.
The purpose of research. The main purpose of the
research is to study the effect of erosion processes on
some properties of dark serozem soils distributed in
the Boysun mountain range of the Surkhandarya
region of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Research materials and methods. The object of
research is dark serozem soils of various degrees
eroded, not eroded and washed away, distributed in
mountain and sub-mountain areas of Boysun district,
Surkhandarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Soil analysis was determined according to the generally
accepted methods of Arinushkina's "Manual on
chemical analysis of soil", and the mechanical
composition of soils was determined according to the
Kachinsky method.
RESEARCH RESULTS.
The research object is located in Boysun district, and
according to its administrative location, it expands
from north to southwest in the northern part of
Surkhandarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The total area is 3.2 thousand square kilometers (325
thousand 307.0 ha) [1]. The length of the border of
Boisun district is 384 km, 80 km with Kashkadarya
region in the west, 75 km with Sarosi district in the
north, 92 km with Kumkurgan district in the east, 86.8
km with Bandikhon district in the south-west, and
Sherabot district in the south. It forms a border of 50
km (Pic. 1).
Pic. 1. Location of the research object
The district's agricultural land area is 212,418 ha, of
which 4,518 ha is irrigated, mainly dry land, gardens and
pastures. As of January 1, 2022, the total arable land
area of Surkhandarya region is 39.5 thousand hectares,
of which the arable land area of Boysun district is
20294.7 hectares [2].
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
7
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
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2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
5-12
SJIF
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(2021:
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5.
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Dark serozem soils are characterized by the beginning
of the mountain brown soil stem in the uppermost
region of the serozem soil zone. Dark serozem soils are
distributed on the slopes of Boisun Mountain (Hisar
Mountain Range) at an absolute height of 800-900
meters above the Mediterranean sea level to 1200-1400
meters and above. The division of the dark serozem soil
profile into A-B1-B2-C genetic layers, the presence of a
turf layer 3-8 cm thick in the upper layers of the soil
profile, the structural structure of the melcozem is
sandy, and it becomes sandy-granular towards the
lower layers, according to its mechanical composition,
it is characterized by being medium or heavy sandy and
carbonates in the soil profile first appear in the form of
pseudomycelium at a depth of 50 cm, and in the form
of white pores from 100 cm.
Gravel sand, clayey, sandy and loess sands are the soil-
forming rocks. The mechanical composition of these
soils also depends on the parent rock-minerals from
which they were formed. The mechanical composition
of the soil is the sum of these mechanical fractions.
Mechanical fractions are formed from particles of the
same size. Particles or mechanical elements are formed
during weathering of stones and rocks [3,4]. As
mentioned above, the mechanical composition of soils
depends on the composition of soil-forming minerals
and the activity of weathering processes. Usually, soils
formed from massive-crystalline parent rocks differ in
their mechanical composition, and their proportions
are related to the difficult weathering process of
coarse mineral residues. The mechanical composition
of the soils formed in clay parent rocks is heavy sand,
and they are mainly distributed in the middle mountain
areas. In the high mountain regions, the soils have a
very light mechanical composition and rough skeletal
characteristics. Coarse-grained soils have good water
permeability properties, which quickly transfer
rainwater to the deeper layers of the soil profile,
causing rapid drying of the topsoil. At the same time,
since the dark serozem soils distributed in the research
object are mainly formed in loess parent rocks, it is
observed that there are many dusty fractions in them.
It is observed that the dark serozem soils distributed in
various elements of the slope (southern and northern
slopes, watershed and lower part of the slope) have a
special mechanical composition. For example, in the
flat part of the slope, that is, in the parts of the
watershed (K-8), due to the low probability of
encountering soil erosion processes, the large dust
fractions in them made up 43.4% in the upper layer of
the soil profile, while on the southern slope ( The
content of elements in this fraction in the upper layer
of scattered soils (K-7) is in the range of 47.7% and in
the northern slope (K-9) 48.3%. The amount of large
dust in the dark gray soil that has been washed away
(K-6) is around 41.2%. It was observed that the amount
of physical clay in soils is 52.1% (K-8) in non-eroded soils,
42.1% in soils spread on slopes (K-7), and 54.4% in
washed-out soils (K-6). It was observed that the
amount of silt fractions in the soil profile varies
according to the amount of silt and fine dust particles
(Fig. 2).
At the same time, the process of "claying" is observed
in dark gray soils distributed in mountainous areas.
According to Rozanov, the process of clayification is
related to alluvial processes in dark gray soils [5]. The
mechanical composition of soils affects the
susceptibility of soils to erosion processes. For
example, soils with a heavy mechanical composition
tend to be washed away in the process of erosion
compared to sandy soils, due to the ratio of physical
sand and physical clay in their composition.
If the mechanical composition of the soil contains a lot
of sand fractions, then the erosion resistance of the soil
weakens, if the physical clay fractions increase in the
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
8
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
5-12
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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5.
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(2023:
7.
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)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
mechanical composition of the soil, then the erosion
stability of the soil increases, that is, the increase in clay
fractions reduces the separation of soil particles [6.5].
The amount of physical sand and physical clay in the
dark serozem soils distributed in the study site is as
follows, in washed-collected (K-6) soils, the large
fraction of sand content is 0.6%, medium sand is 0.4%,
and fine sand is 0.4%. the sand fraction was 3.4%, and
the amount of physical clay in the upper layer was
54.4%. On the average slope of this exposure (K-7), the
coarse sand fraction is 1.2%, the medium sand fraction
is 5.3%, and the fine sand fraction is 3.7%, and the
amount of physical clay is 42.1% in the upper layer
organized.
In the soils distributed in watersheds of dark serozem
soils (K-8), the fraction of large sand is 0.7%, the
fraction of medium sand is 0.6%, and the fraction of fine
sand is 3.2%, and the amount of physical clay is 52.1 is
equal to %. In the soils distributed on the slope,
according to the exposure of the slope, large sand
fractions are 0.1-1.2%, medium sand is 0.2-5.5%, and fine
sand fraction is 2.7-8.1%, and the amount of physical
clay is It was determined to be around 39.6-58.2%. (Pic.
2)
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
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Pic. 2. Mechanical composition of the soil of the research object
As a result of soil erosion processes, the amount of silt and colloidal fractions in their composition also changes. The
smaller the size of the mechanical elements, i.e. the fractions, the higher the humus and nitrogen content of this soil
[7,8,9,10,11]. In addition, it is observed that 60-70% of the humus content of the soil accumulates mainly in the layer of
the soil rich in silty and fine dust fractions (Table 1).
Table 1
Mechanical indicators of the soil of the research object
Location
according to
soil erosion
Depth, cm
Sand
fractions,
%
Dust
fractions,
%
Year
fractions, %
Amount of
physical
clay, %
Amount of
humus, %
(K-8)
A non-eroding
water separator
0-15
15-35
35-50
50-88
4,5
4,6
9,1
5,7
78,1
72,2
71,8
76,2
17,4
23,2
19,1
18,1
52,1
49,7
39,6
44,1
2,416
1,667
1,147
0,857
(K-7)
Strongly
eroded,
southern transit
horizon
0-15
15-32
32-48
48-64
10,2
9,7
13,3
13,0
79,7
75,6
68,5
73,6
10,1
14,7
18,2
13,4
42,1
46,1
51,6
43,6
1,473
0,972
0,673
0,385
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
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(K-9)
Moderately
eroded,
northern transit
horizon
0-18
18-37
37-56
56-93
7,6
7,4
8,2
8,4
80,8
78,2
74,7
78,4
11,6
14,4
17,1
13,2
44,1
49,2
47,6
46,5
1,717
1,288
0,752
0,588
(K-6)
A washed-out
southern
horizon
0-18
18-42
42-63
63-92
4,4
5,7
6,6
7,5
72,4
72,8
68,7
73,3
23,2
21,5
24,7
19,2
54,4
51,0
56,0
58,4
2,464
1,514
0,971
0,724
In the data presented above, due to different
exposures in the region of dark serozem soils, at the
bottom of the slope, humus-rich accumulative soils
"washed out" as a result of erosion are formed, and
their color is much darker along the soil profile. It is
classified by the inconspicuousness of carbonation and
gypsum at the boundaries of the soil section.
The soils of the mountainous and sub-mountainous
regions, formed in the conditions of complex relief,
undergo erosion at different levels in different
elements of the relief, and changes in the
morphological characteristics of the soil are also
different. These differences are reflected in the cross-
section structure of non-eroded (K-8), moderately and
strongly eroded (K-7, K-9), as well as "washed-out" (K-
6) soils as a result of erosion. For example; If the humic
horizon is thick in "washed-up" soils, it differs by the
relative thinning of the humic horizon in the middle
parts of the slopes of different exposures and levels.
This, in turn, is felt in the distribution of the amount of
hummus. [12,13,14,15,16,17]
The content of humus in non-eroded (K-8) soils located
in the watershed of the region of dark serozem soils is
2.416%, while in moderately and strongly eroded (K-7,
K-9) soils, this indicator is respectively It is 1,473-1,717%,
and in soils "washed out" (K-6) as a result of erosion, it
is 2,464%.
The above-mentioned differences in the soil profile can
be observed in the color, structure, depth of
accumulation of carbonate concretions, as well as
skeletal structure.
As a result of water erosion, the mechanical
composition of the soils scattered in different parts of
the slope changes, the amount of humus in their
content also changes, water and other properties
deteriorate, as a result, it negatively affects the growth
and development of plants and the ecological
condition of the area. the biospheric function of the
soil decreases.
Such differences in the soil profile are clearly visible
mainly in the soils distributed in mountain and sub-
mountain regions. Taking into account these
indicators, it serves as a basis for monitoring the
condition of the soil in the mountain and sub-mountain
areas, for the correct assessment of the ongoing
erosion processes, and for the mapping of areas with
erosion risk.
CONCLUSIONS
The soil formation processes of the research object
include humus accumulation, clayification and
alkalization, and it takes a leading place in the process
of humus accumulation. It is typical for the dark gray
soils distributed in the research object to have a large
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
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amount of silt and dust fractions, as well as a small
amount of sand fractions. As a result of washing of the
studied soils due to erosion processes, the mechanical
composition is reduced in the upper layers, but these
soils are heavy sandy soils according to their
mechanical composition. The more dusty and fine sand
dust fractions are in the composition of soils, the more
stable these soils are to erosion processes. The higher
the amount of water particles in the soil, the higher the
absorption capacity of the soil. The degree of slope
plays a special role in eroded dark serozem soils. If the
amount of physical clay is sharply reduced in the soils
scattered in exposures of different degrees of erosion,
on the contrary, their amount is increased in the
washed-out soils. The humus supply of the soil of the
research object is explained by the superiority of the
humification process over the mineralization process in
moderately humid and warm weather conditions.
These soils have favorable agrochemical properties,
while drainage soils are relatively favorable, and sunny
slope soils have unfavorable agrochemical properties.
The carbonate layer varies depending on the exposure
of the slope, the slope, the nature of the soil-forming
rocks and their depth. In the soils of the northern
slope, compared to the soils of the southern slope,
there is an increase in the thickness of the humic layer,
an increase in color intensity, a deepening of the
carbonate and gypsum border, and an improvement in
the structure.
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Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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VOLUME
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Pages:
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SJIF
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)
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