Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes the cartographic methodology of using alternative energy resources, the technology of
developing maps of alternative energy resources based on the geoinformation system, the issues of developing a
visualization system of the location of alternative energy objects based on the geodatabase.
KEYWORDS
Alternative energy, general geographic, natural and ecological, strategic planning, ArcGIS, WinGIS, Pakhtachi, Narpay,
Nurabad, Kattakurgan, Ishtikhon, Koshrabad, Akhdaryo, Payariq, Bekobod, Boka, Akhkurgan, Piskent, Kuyichirchik,
Ortachirchik, Chinaz, Yangiyol, Zangiota, metrological station.
INTRODUCTION
Methodological and theoretical bases of the research
are
the
principle
of
systematic
approach,
methodological developments of local and foreign
authors and published information on the studied
problem.
Cartographic,
geo-informational,
mathematical-cartographic modeling to achieve the
goal; as general scientific methods: logical, statistical,
comparative analysis; qualitative and quantitative
analysis, graphic interpolation methods were used in
the processing of the obtained data.
The use of cards in strategic planning (cartographic
planning method) requires special attention. This is
one of the strategic methods, a method of analysis and
visual representation of the strategic development
plans of the region. Regional strategies usually involve
Research Article
MODERN TOPOGRAPHY OF THE USE OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
RESOURCES IN UZBEKISTAN
Submission Date:
July 14, 2023,
Accepted Date:
July 19, 2023,
Published Date:
July 24, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue07-05
O.A. Ibragimov
Doctor Of Philosophy In Geography (Phd) Director Of The State Scientific Production Enterprise
“Kartography”
, Uzbekistan
Jasur Z. Usmanov
Doctor Of Philosophy In Agricultural Sciences. (Phd) Head Of The Kashkadarya Region Department Of The
Cadastre Agency, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
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07
Pages:
19-31
SJIF
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FACTOR
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(2023:
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OCLC
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
different groups of cards. The following group of cards
is proposed for the purpose of planning MERs in
dissertation research and further development of
regions based on them:
1.
General geographic maps and aerospace
orthophotos
–
they give general spatial ideas
about the region (or region). These maps are the
basic
geographical
information
of
GAT
technologies.
2.
Thematic cards of natural and ecological,
population and economy, general economic
zoning. These are “foundation cards” of strateg
ic
plans or cards of objective scientific knowledge of
the region - diagnosis of problems, assessment of
the main internal and external factors,
identification and assessment of the development
potential of economic sectors, human and social
potential, as well as competition assessment
cards.
3.
Strategic planning special cards industry sectors,
describes
regional
plans
for
economic
development in general, forecasts and plans
(clusters, zones and regions) for spatial population
distribution models. Regional strategies project
block recommendation cards - show schemes
(planned activities, projects) of major investment
projects.
Theme cards and special planning cards often have the
same theme and can be industry-specific or general,
but the main characteristic of planning cards is that the
card provides “forward
-
looking” information for a
certain period (for example, up to 2030). Cards can be
divided into two functional groups according to the
stages of development: strategic analysis and planning
cards. In addition, in the process of creating a map, it is
necessary to consider the creation of maps for
monitoring and making changes to regional strategies.
Cartographic support of regional strategic planning
includes the development of a system of
interconnected maps that sequentially provide
individual stages of regional strategy development.
The
strategy
includes
assessment
and
recommendation cards developed through various
sources, applying the cartographic method (creation
and analysis of maps) to the practice of socio-economic
strategic development of the state regions and
cartographic provision of strategic plans - this is the
development of the cartographic method of strategic
planning and perspective special mapping that is
relevant.
Studies. Alternative energy is characterized by its
versatility, its characteristic criteria and components.
When designing and building MERs, it is important to
assess their potential and their effective use.
Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to take into
account the characteristics of the region's natural
resources, regional infrastructure, energy balance,
existing industrial and agricultural enterprises.
Secondly, it is required to collect a lot of information
and enter it into the database, analyze and evaluate it.
In addition, it is necessary to study the data of
renewable (solar, wind and biogas, inland waters-
hydro) sources of energy. In the regions of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, the application of MERs may
not always be effective, for example, in regions with
hydroelectric power plants and thermal power plants.
The use of GAT technologies in the implementation of
these works has been considered abroad, for example
in the Netherlands. It is possible to cite a number of
indicators included in the GAT for the construction of
MERs and the assessment of the state of operation:
1.
MER resource assessment data (meteorological,
hydrogeological, geodetic, etc.).
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
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VOLUME
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SJIF
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5.
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)
(2023:
7.
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)
OCLC
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
2.
Technical characteristics of MERs.
3.
Energy indicators (cost of electricity from
conventional and non-conventional sources,
energy resources of the area, accounts, wages of
workers, etc.).
4.
Social indicators (employment of the population,
creation of new jobs, negative effects on the
health of the population, etc.)
5.
Nature conservation activities, etc.
The above information was entered into the GAT
technologies and the “Alternative Energy” database
was created, which allowed to determine the
technological process of creating the database cards.
In the dissertation work, the integration of information
of various characteristics was carried out, and as a
result, a technological scheme for creating serial cards
according to MER was developed.
MER card acquisition was carried out in 4 stages:
1) data acquisition, systematization (description of
geographical features of MERs);
2) data processing (field geodetic survey work,
decoding of aerospace materials);
3) preparation of cartographic products, collection and
analysis of statistical materials of MERs, selection of
GAT programs, creation of MB;
4) geoinformation modeling and MER mapping.
Geographical, fieldwork and statistical materials serve
as the source of information for dissertation research.
In addition, aerospace materials are involved in the
work, they are used to coordinate the geographic basis
of the maps being produced, to obtain information on
modern changes in the area, etc.
As part of the study, thematic cards were also involved
in the work:
1) duration of sunlight during the year,
2) index cards for days with wind speed greater than 15
m/c per year, etc.
Datum - Pulkovo, ellipsoid - Krassovsky, 1942
coordinate system was used in the processing of
cartographic projections of remote sensing materials.
As a result of carrying out topographic survey works in
the field, digital information about the spatial data of
the area was obtained, measurements were carried
out based on the GPS device, electronic tachyometers,
and as a result, a geodetic database was created. Based
on vector models of the area, various digital models are
created and used, including the results of spatial
analysis or spatial solutions, in most cases they are
given in the form of vector models.
Evaluation and modeling of alternative energy
resources based on GAT technologies were carried out
in the dissertation research. Currently, there are
various methods of modeling, semantic, heuristic,
informational, etc. Conventional formats as modeling
software
(ArcGIS,
WinGIS,
etc.);
projection
transformations - transition from one cartographic
projection to another or from a spatial system to a
cartographic
projection;
geometric
analysis
(determining the lengths of lines, operations for
finding intersection points, etc.); such as overlay and
functional modeling operations (buffer zones,
network
analysis,
numerical
modeling)
are
distinguished.
Conversion, overlay and functional modeling were
carried out in the dissertation research. Below we
present information on modeling work.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
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(2023:
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OCLC
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1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Based on the results of researches on the mapping of
objects based on the software belonging to the family
of the geoinformation system, and according to
foreign and national experiences, the republic made it
possible to synthesize the collected data and make
management decisions by developing innovative
technologies in the use of MER.=.
RESULTS
Data such as surface temperature, temperature at 2
meters above the surface, wind direction, wind speed
at 10 meters above the surface, and wind speed at 50
meters above the surface were entered into attributive
tables of hydrometrological stations created in ArcGIS
software and geovisualized (Figure 1).
Picture 1. Actual location of existing weather stations in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Based on the data obtained as a result of the field work, by interpolating the information using the ArcGIS program,
the weights of the temperature indicators related to the surface of the earth were analyzed using the reverse distance
method (IVR-inversely weighted distances), and the temperature indicator maps of Samarkand and Tashkent regions
were geovisualized (Figure 2).
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Picture 2. Temperature indicator card of the surface of the earth in Samarkand region
The analyzes during the research were also analyzed according to the temperature indicators at a height of 2 meters
above the ground (Appendix 5), by creating an electronic digital map of the regions of Samarkand and Tashkent
regions according to air temperature, a cartographic basis was created for determining the areas where solar panels
can be installed.
In the final research, it was recommended to install solar panels in the districts of Samarkand region from the west
to the east (Pakhtachi, Narpay, Nurabad, Kattakurgan, Ishtikhon, Koshrabad, Aqdarya and Payariq districts) due to
the fact that the annual average temperature is higher than 13 degrees Celsius.
As for the districts in the southwestern part of the Tashkent region (Bekabad, Boka, Aqqorgan, Piskent, Kuyichirchik,
Ortachirchik, Chinoz, Yangiyol and Zangiota districts), the annual average air temperature is higher than 12 So, it was
recommended to install solar panels in these districts (pictures 3)..
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Figure 3. Temperature index card of the surface of the earth in Tashkent region
Using the results of the research, it was possible to determine the zones that are acceptable (convenient) for installing
solar panels in any region of our republic through an automated geo-information system and to increase work
efficiency. At the same time, the volume of field research work was reduced by 50%.
In order to improve the system of determining areas suitable for installing wind generators using ArcGIS software,
OVR (OVR-obratno vzveshennyx rasstoyaniy) analysis was conducted based on the data on wind directions obtained
from independently monitored regional metrological stations, and the wind directions were mapped in the section of
Samarkand and Tashkent regions by the method of linear symbols in motion (Fig. 4).
Picture 4. A map showing the direction of the wind in the Samarkand region using moving linear symbols
According to the analysis, it is
recommended to install wind generators in Payariq, Bulung’ur, Jomboy, Toyloq and
Urgut districts of Samarkand region.
It is recommended to install wind generators in the districts of Bostonliq, Ohangaron, Piskent, Bekobad, Boka,
Ortachirchik, Koyichirchik, Chinoz and Yangiyol in the districts of Tashkent region, taking into account that the wind
directions come from the south-east to the north-west and form a wind path (Fig. 5).
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
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Servi
Picture 5. A map showing the direction of the wind in the Tashkent region using moving linear symbols
Based on the data of metrological stations, the wind
speed in Samarkand and Tashkent regions was studied
in order to increase the quality and efficiency of the
research conducted in the research work according to
the wind directions. Statistical indicators of wind speed
were geovisualized based on vector layers.
The analyzes carried out for the Samarkand region
show that the wind speed in the western part of the
region is higher than 4 m/s per hour per year, so it was
determined that it is appropriate to place and use wind
generators in the western part of Pakhtachi, Narpay
and Nurabad districts of the region (Figures 6).
Picture 6. Geovisualization map of wind speed in Samarkand region (10 m)
According to the analyzes carried out in the Tashkent region, it was determined that it is appropriate to place and
use wind generators in the southern part of Bekobad, Boka, Piskent and Ohangaron districts of the region, since the
average wind speed in the southern region is higher than 3 m/s per year (Figures 7).
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Picture 7. Geovisualization map of wind speed in Tashkent region (10 m)
The research was conducted on the wind speed at a
height of 10 meters above the ground. The wind speed
at a height of 50 meters above the ground was also
analyzed in the form of a vector layer in the
geodatabase.
In order to further increase the accuracy of the
scientific research conducted for the use of alternative
energy resources, it was analyzed by linking the
research to the terrain. Taking into account the
topography of the research area, the areas with higher
absolute altitude compared to the Baltic Sea were
selected and the areas with wind speed and high
temperature (+So) were calculated using the ArcGIS
program to determine (select, separate) the most
optimal areas for installing wind generators and solar
panels.
Point view vector layers with elevation values were
exported to the Shape format unit of ArcGIS. Exported
layers were downloaded into ArcGIS software and
points were generalized according to the working
scale. Generalization of points is considered necessary
for the creation of medium-scale maps. The working
scale of the research work is to create electronic digital
maps on a scale of 1:100,000 to 1:450,000.
In the altitude attribute of the points, it was taken into
account that the absolute height values of each point
relative to the level of the Baltic Sea are automatically
downloaded from the Global Mapper program. Based
on these elevation points, the elevation levels of the
land were geovisualized in the form of a field layer by
interpolation using the OVR analysis command in the
ArcGIS program.
A total of 354 reference points were created for the
Samarkand region, and it was observed that the
ground level was located in relation to the Baltic Sea in
the range of values from 250 meters to 2298 meters
(Fig. 8).
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Picture 8. Map of elevation values of land levels in Samarkand region
A total of 335 reference points were created for the Tashkent region, and it was observed that the ground level was
located in relation to the Baltic Sea in the range of values from 229 meters to 3797 meters (Fig. 9).
Picture 9. Map of elevation values of land levels in Tashkent region
The map data was categorized by height after being
created in vector format. Classification works were
included in the program based on the height value
interval of the regions. 5 classes for Samarkand region,
i.e. 250 m. from 2500 m. if intermediate values up to
200 m are obtained, 5 classes for Tashkent region. from
4000 m. values ranging from.
Classification for Samarkand region was carried out in
the following order:
1st class = 250 -500
2nd class = 500 -1000
3rd class = 1000 -1500
4th class = 1500 -2000
5th class = 2000 -2500
Classification for Tashkent region was carried out in the
following order:
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Servi
1st class = 200 -500
2nd class = 500 -1000
3rd class = 1000 -2000
4th class = 2000 -3000
5th class= 3000-4000
Based on the results of the classification, an algorithm
was developed using ArcGIS software, and suggestions
and recommendations were given for choosing or
specifying the optimal location for solar panels and
wind generators (Table 1)..
Table 1
Algorithm for determining optimal location using ArcGIS software
O/n
Acceptance levels
surface
temperature,
о
С
Wind
speed,
m/s
The height of
the ground
level, m
for Samarkand region
1
Level 1
13<
4,0<
2500<
2
Level 2
10-13
3,5-4,0
1500 -2500
3
Level 3
6-10
2,5-3,5
250 -1500
for Tashkent region
Level 1
10<
3,5<
3000<
Level 2
5-10
2,5<3,5
2000 -3000
Level 3
1-5
1,5<2,5
200 -2000
Acceptance levels were divided into 4 types as shown
in Table 1. According to it, areas with high acceptability
level 1, areas with level 2 medium acceptability and
areas with low acceptability level 3 were divided. Level
4 areas include mountainous areas with steep slopes.
ArcGis software belonging to the GAT family was used
to solve the problems set before us in the research
work. Above, in the second section of the first chapter
of the research paper, in the creation of electronic
digital cards, work was carried out to create cards
describing alternative energy resources based on the
systematic structure of GISAE.
In particular, taking into account the levels of
acceptability in the installation of alternative energy
resources, the result of the above work was connected
to the mathematical framework developed during the
research, i.e. the resulting data of the research
collected in the central database using the geolocation
method. Then a map of the areas suitable for the
installation of alternative energy resources was
created using cartographic imaging methods (Figures
10 and 11).
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Publisher:
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Servi
Picture 10. Map of areas most suitable for installing solar panels in Samarkand and Tashkent regions
Picture 11. Map of areas most suitable for installing wind generators in Samarkand and Tashkent regions
Today, the existing versions of GAT technologies fully
cover the previous ones and are certainly improved.
Current software has made it possible to effectively
use digital cards created in previous electronic
versions.
Creation of alternative energy maps of regions,
creation of databases of different topics, including
alternative energy in regions, and their visualization
were all carried out using modern software tools.
The creation of maps and plans, their processing,
database formation, integration and visualization
within the framework of the research topic were
considered as one of the main objectives of the GAT
technology.
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Based on the command of ArcGIS program to perform
analyzes based on algorithms, the most optimal
regions were identified and introduced to production
organizations by placing them on the elevation points
of the land relief in relation to the wind and
temperature indicators of Samarkand and Tashkent
regions.
CONCLUSION
The most important factor in the development of
alternative energy is the prospective deployment of
MERs. GAT technologies were used to place MERs in a
convenient and visual analysis. Based on the
methodological and theoretical foundations of the
research, a system of serial cards of alternative energy
resources was developed using cartographic, geo-
informational, mathematical-cartographic modeling,
logical, statistical, comparative analysis, qualitative and
quantitative analysis, graphic interpolation methods in
the processing of the received data.
Geographical, fieldwork and statistical and aerospace
data were used as a source of information. They were
used to coordinate the geographic basis of the maps
being produced, to obtain information on modern
changes in the area, and so on. As a result of carrying
out topographic survey work in the field, digital
information about the spatial information of the area
was obtained. Measurements were carried out on
modern geodetic instruments, as a result of which a
geodetic database was created. Based on the vector
models of the area, various numerical models were
created. As a result, evaluation and modeling of
alternative energy resources was carried out based on
GAT technologies.
The resulting data of the research collected in the
central database by the geolocation method were
linked to the mathematical framework developed
taking into account the levels of acceptability in the
installation of alternative energy resources, and serial
maps of the areas acceptable for the installation of
alternative energy resources were created.
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