Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
27
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
27-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article provides research observations on the formation of apricot trees to study local and foreign varieties of
apricots in the conditions of the Kashkadarya viloti and to select varieties that are promising, as well as the correct
formation of pine-Shaba in trees where the shape is given and annual varieties are shortened, the quality of fruits
increases, adaptability to external conditions.
KEYWORDS
Climate, shape, branch, quality, bud, flower, fruit, harvest, local, garden, edge, selection.
INTRODUCTION
Prunes are a type of fruit with high potential
productivity seedlings planted as early as 3-4 years, the
elements of the crop are formed. Usually an apricot
tree that is not given a shape and is not cut, with a rich
harvest in the years of its initial harvest, its aging period
is accelerated, fruits and leaves are crushed, quickly
and strongly damaged by various diseases. This results
in the branches becoming glabrous, while the fruit-
forming zone moves to the ends of the branches. As a
result of the weight of the crop, the branches are
broken and the tree is damaged.
Scientific significance: in recent years, many varieties
of apricots have been created in the field of
horticulture as well as by foreign research institutions
and domestic breeders, which have a complex of
useful qualities. There has not yet been enough
research work on this in our republic. It follows that in
Research Article
SELECTION OF APRICOT VARIETIES
Submission Date:
June 16, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 21, 2023,
Published Date:
June 26, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue06-07
Karshiev A.E.
Independent Researcher Of The Scientific Research Institute Of Horticulture Viticulture And Winemaking
Named After Academician Makhmud Mirzayev, Uzbekistan
Saimnazarov Yuldash Bekmirzayevich
B.F.D., Professor, AK. M. Scientific Research Institute Of Horticultural Viticulture And Winemaking Named
After Mirzayev, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
28
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
27-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the Kashkadarya region, it is aimed at developing
effective norms through new varieties of unexplored
apricots, their comprehensive agrobiological and
technological assessment, as well as methods for
shaping native and imported apricot varieties, cutting
annual growing branches in parameters suitable for
apricot varieties and giving them a suitable shape.
From this, our research is to expand the areas of
promising apricot gardens and achieve a stable, high-
quality and abundant harvest by studying apricot
varieties and developing effective methods of shaping
trees and pruning correctly.
The cultivation of apricot fruits and products in all
regions of the Republic has sharply decreased as a
result of various factors. In solving the problems that
have arisen and further increasing the yield of apricots
and prunes, it is necessary first of all to choose varieties
suitable for climatic conditions for each area, as well as
to develop effective agrotechnical measures aimed at
increasing their yield.
In most apricot varieties, mainly in the winter-spring
season, there is damage to flower buds and formed
fruits under the influence of early spring frosts.
Accordingly, the choice of varieties, taking into
account the biological characteristics of the varieties
under such conditions, is to achieve regular fruiting by
applying agrotechnical measures in optimal options for
their duration based on observed and determined
data.
Degree of study: in the opinion of the authors who
have carried out research in this regard, shaping and
cutting in horticulture is one of the main agrotechnical
measures. In connection with this, according to most
scientists who have dealt with the problems of shaping
and pruning fruit trees in different years, one of the
agrotechnical measures that ensure the development
and growth of the underground part of any tree is the
orderly pruning of branches. As a result of pruning
annual branches, the relationship of the parameters of
the branches, growth and fruit formation changes. The
number and length of the branches of the fruit
increase. With this, the light radiating to the Branch-
Branch part increases in one time, the leafiness of the
branches to the fruits increases, and this fertility has a
positive effect on long life. [1. 2. 3. 4]
The effect of pruning on fruit trees is multifaceted and
depends on several reasons. It has been found to
depend on the agrotechnical measures developed, the
methods of pruning and the degree of pruning, the
survival of the tree, the timing of pruning and shaping,
as well as the air temperatures during the growing
season
Pruning trees with buds located on the branch part of
the branch-trunk enhances growth processes. As a
result of this, the growth of branches is accelerated,
and changes in the function of generative organs
occur. From generative shoots formed after giving the
correct shape and cutting, often larger fruits are
formed. Cutting activates vital processes, replacing old
organs with a new one. In regulating correlation
changes, it has been observed that some part tasks of
trees are increased and others are reduced [5].
The effect of the degree of pruning of branches is due
to the peculiarity of its formation to apricot fruits, the
intensity of the slowdown of growth from year to year
in late or non-optimal pruning has decreased, and the
increase in the yield of trees has increased with
tension. It has been observed in the formation of very
poor-quality fruits in European varieties of apricots.
The fact that apricots cannot provide excess shoots,
like other types of fruits, therefore, in an orderly or
irregular cutting, it is very easy and has been found to
form a lot, the fruits crumble, reducing their
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
29
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
27-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
succulence and aroma. It has been observed that this
results in fruit formation (salinity) [6].
Apricot seedlings after planting in most cases in 2-4
years, the branches grow strongly lengthwise and
branch sparsely. Therefore, for sklet branches, which
are formed in addition to thinning in the spring from
the 2nd year, it is necessary to shorten the annual
branches more strongly. More than (60 cm) of the
branches with strong growth, and strongly branching
varieties about ½ of the growing branches are
shortened, shortening to 2/3 in short branching
varieties. [7].
The results of the study showed that in the local and
introduced varieties of Cypress, Subhoni Zarya,
Nadjimi, rughi juvanon miona Apricot, the full supply of
hornbeam bats with light and sunlight, and the correct
formation of trees were given a vase shape in order to
increase
productivity
and
fruit
quality,
and
observations were made on the development of trees,
cutting off strong annual branches by 15 cm, 30 cm and
45 cm. As a result of our observations, it was observed
that trees were more fully using diffused light
compared to the light that fell straight into them.
Because it passes through all sides of the tree branch,
and the sun's rays fall on all the leaves. On top of this,
it has been demonstrated that diffused light has a
greater effect on proper light-the large size of the
leaves, the colorfulness, the quality of the fruit, and the
good development of the tree-and how long daylight
lasts is of great importance.
As strong growth continued in strongly branching
varieties for 4-6 years at the time of the Trees ' entry
into harvest, in addition to thinning during this period
the branches were shortened to 1/4-1/2 and 1/3 in length
depending on the varietal character. The result was the
development of varieties from the upper 2-3-buds, and
the formation of fruit branches and Spurs from the
lower branches.
In some varieties, increased reduction of branches and
branches has led to increased growth and decreased
yield. In unformed nimjon pine trees, it was observed
that all fruit nodes die quickly, the tree trunk takes on
a dry appearance, and at the end of the sklet branches
the formation of dried leaves. Therefore, the nimjon
was reduced to an equal half length of annual branches
in horned varieties.
In the studied varieties of apricots, the movement of
air in the form of a wind has shown great importance.
The effects of wind on the plant varied, and its effects
at large speeds (up to 10 meters per second and faster)
resulted in 10-15% damage to the fruit nodes and leaves
on the plant. Strong winds have been found to
interfere with pollination of flowers by insects,
damaging the flower as well as young nodules by 15-
20%. At wind speeds of 20-25 m/s, tree branches were
broken, they were completely damaged. In trees given
the form, however, damage was found to be
significantly reduced.
In the research carried out, apricot varieties suitable
for soil and climatic conditions were studied, promising
varieties were selected in the cultivation of quality fruit
products based on the climatic conditions of the
region. In kashkadarya region, summer is hot and dry
and winter is cold with an average annual air
temperature of 13.80 s, the warmest temperature is
26.80 s in July and the cold is 140s in January. The
highest temperature in June was observed to rise to
500s heat and in January, February the temperature
dropped to -240s cold. The sum of useful temperatures
during the season reached 2400-28000s in February-
June. The duration of frost-free days is on average 240
days. Spring frosts were observed until the third
decade of February, with some years lasting until April.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
30
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
27-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Depending on this, the vegetational phases of the
apricot varieties under study were studied.
These phenological phases were observed below in the
varieties of apricots under study in the Nadzhimi
variety of apricot varieties planted in 2009, while the
bulging of buds in 2017-2019 was observed in the
corresponding order on March 4-11, in the variants
given the form, this indicator was observed on average
on March 6-14. while the spelling of the consonants
was determined on 7-14 march, in the variants given
the form it was found that the average lasted until 9-18
March. The beginning of the flowering phase was
observed on March 9-17, while in the form-given
variants, this indicator continued until March 10-20.
Whereas dwarf flowering has been found on unformed
trees from 13 to 21 March, form-given variants have
been observed to last on average from 14 to 25 March,
while flowering phase ends have been observed on
non-form trees from 21 to 26 March, while form-given
variants have lasted from 22 to 30 March. The ripening
of its fruits, on the other hand, lasted from May 25 to
June 5, while in the variants given the form, on
average, it was observed from May 21 to June 3. The
beginning of hazonrezgilik began on October 9-22, and
in the variants given the form, this figure began on
average on October 14-27. The end of hazonrezgilik,
however, was observed in non-form variants on 5-17
November, and in form-form variants it was found to
last from 8-20 November. The vegetational period was
found to last up to 246-251 days in non-form variants,
and 248-255 days in form-form variants. These
phenological phases were presented in the table in the
appropriate order in the remaining varieties. (Table 1).
Drought resistance, close relationship between water
regime processes and environmental factors and high
adaptability characteristics were studied, in this
regard, the leaf level in the Subhoni Zarya variety was
on average 42 cm2 in large leaves, and on small-sized
leaves an average of 31 cm2. In the Nadjimi variety,
however, these indicators were observed on the leaves
of large ones, on average up to 50 cm2, and on the
leaves of small sizes up to 29 cm2. In the Sarvari Variety,
the level of large leaves was up to 57 cm2, and in small-
sized leaves, on average, 39 cm2, and in large-sized
varieties, in the rugi juvanon miona, 60 cm2, and in
small-sized leaves-31 cm2. In the Subhoni Zarya Variety,
the Leaf weight was found to be 0.82 mg in the large
leaves, 0.50 mg in the small-sized leaves, and the
average weight in the large leaves of the Nadjimi
variety was found to be 0.20 mg in the small-sized
leaves. In the Jubilee Navoi variety, it averaged 0.92 mg
in large leaves to 0.87 mg in small-sized leaves, in the
rugi juvanon miona variety, it averaged 1.16 mg in large
leaves, and 0.56 mg in small-sized leaves. During the
growing season, the degree of water supply of leaf
tissue manifested its resistance to drought through the
property of water retention, as well as the ability to
carry out starch synthesis even in the hot summer
period. The resistance of the nadzhimi and Subhoni
Zarya varieties to squatting was largely due to the small
size of their trees and leaves in comparison with the
studied varieties, the possibility of maintaining
sufficient moisture in the composition even in
unfavorable conditions of nature. The number of
leaves of the apricot varieties under study, the leaf
level, the amount of water contained in the Leaf were
determined in field and labaratory conditions. (Table 2
In monitoring the bialogical characteristics of the
studied varieties, the beginning of the period of
vegitation in the Nadjimi Variety the period of Bud
bulging in the tree was observed on March 11, 2017,
March 4, 2018, and March 11, 2019, and the humming
continued on March 14, 2017, and March 7, 2018 and
March 14, 2019. The start of flowering occurred on
March 17, 2017; March 9, 2018; and March 16, 2019; and
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
31
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
27-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the end of flowering on March 26, 2017; March 21, 2018;
and March 25, 2019.
The ripening of fruits began on June 5, 2017. In 2018 it
was observed on 25 may and in 2019 on 5 June. The
weight of one quality fruit is 38.1, 37.9, 38.0 gr, the side
size of the fruit is 4.0, 3.9, 4.0 CM, the upright size of
the fruit is 4.2, 4.1, 4.3 cm, the weight of the average
fruit of 10 pieces is 393.1; 376.0; 388.5 gr, the fruit t'ami
is sweet, the leaves are dark green 11.6 cm by 8.3 CM
varietal indicators are presented in Table 1.
CONCLUSION
from the observations carried out, it can be said that in
the cultivation of apricot fruit, it was important that, in
addition to the high yield, the quality indicators of the
fruits, their appearance and their mass also changed.
According to the research carried out, it turned out
that the mass of shaped fruits in plants to some extent
also depends on the degree of reduction of annual
growing varieties, such as the biological characteristics
of apricot varieties.
Suitable varieties for soil-climatic conditions were
selected by choosing varieties of varieties with high
yields, resistant to diseases and adverse weather
conditions, as well as maintaining, breeding local,
promising fertile varieties that are disappearing by
interbreeding with local varieties.
In the process of conducting research, the spirit of
juvanon miona, Nadjimi, Subhoni Zarya and Jubilee
Navoi varieties were distinguished from among the
varieties studied by their resistance to adverse effects,
soil-climatic conditions, and resistance to garimselous
winds and drought conditions, yield, large size, high
yield of fruits.
Problem and suggestions: in solving the problem that
has arisen, it is important to create and select new
apricot varieties with useful qualities and their
application in their production.
The introduction of new varieties created in several
scientific organizations of Uzbekistan and in nearby
foreign countries contributes to the quality of fruits
and the fertility of apricots, as well as the spread of
these varieties to other districts.
However, production experience shows that an
increase or change in the number of varieties in an
increase in the yield of apricots cannot completely
solve the problem. Alternatively, it is necessary to
study scientifically based climatic conditions, develop
effective agrotechnical measures.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
32
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
27-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
REFERENCES
1.
Агафонов, Н. В. Научные основы размещения и
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М.: Колос, 1983.
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173 с.
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Муханин, И. В. «Шоковая» омолаживающая
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Тамбов: Изд
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во ТГТУ,
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Мухин С. А. Обрезка и формирование плодовых
деревьев / С. А. Мухин.
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Краснодар. 1979.
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Фисенко, А. И. Схемы посадок, формировки и
управление ресурсным потенциалом плодовых
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технологии возделывания плодовых культур.
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Плодоводство / Под ред. В. И. Черепахина.
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М.:Агропромиздат, 1991.
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271 с.
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Смыков, В. К. Пути повышения продуктивности
абрикосовых садов / В. К. Смыков // Повышение
продуктивности абрикосовых насаждений : сб.
научн. тр. Ялта, 1986, т. 100
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Абрикос / Под. Ред. В. К. Смыкова.
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240 с.
Ўрик навларида олиб борилган фенологик кузатувлар 1
-
жадвал
№
Навлар
Йиллар
К
уртак
бўртиши
Ғунч
ал
аши
Гуллаши
Тўлиқ
барг
чиқариши
Меваси
пиша
бошла
ш
и
Барг
сарға
йши
Ҳазонрезгилик
Вегетаци
яда
ври
(кун
)
Бошла
ниши
Тўлиқ
гулла
ш
и
Туга
ш
и
Бошла
ниши
Тўлиқ
тўк
ил
иши
Туга
ш
и
1
Наджими
2017
11/I
II
14/I
II
17/I
II
21/I
II
26/I
II
10/I
V
5/V
I
30/X
19/
X
2/X
I
13/X
I
247
2018
4/II
I
7/II
I
9/II
I
13/I
II
21/I
II
5/I
V
25/
V
10/X 9/X
24/
X
5/XI
246
2019
11/I
II
14/I
II
16/I
II
19/I
II
25/I
II
11/I
V
5/V
I
3/XI
22/
X
5/X
I
17/X
I
251
2
Субхони
Заря
2017
12/I
II
15/I
II
18/I
II
22/I
II
27/I
II
12/I
V
24/
VI
29/X
11/
X
25/
X
13/X
I
246
2018
4/II
I
8/II
I
10/I
II
13/I
II
21/I
II
2/I
V
9/V
I
14/X 8/X
26/
X
5/XI
246
2019
9/II
I
12/I
II
14/I
II
17/I
II
23/I
II
7/I
V
16/
VI
4/XI
14/
X
29/
X
15/X
I
251
3
Руғи
жуванон
миона
2017
11/I
II
15/I
II
18/I
II
22/I
II
26/I
II
12/I
V
11/
VI
6/XI
25/
X
9/X
I
16/X
I
249
2018
3/II
I
7/II
I
10/I
II
14/I
II
20/I
II
6/I
V
5/V
I
7/X
22/
X
8/X
I
18/X
I
260
2019
6/II
I
10/I
II
12/I
II
15/I
II
21/I
II
7/I
V
9/V
I
8/X
19/
X
6/X
I
15/X
I
254
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
33
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
27-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
4
Сарвари
2017
11/I
II
15/I
II
18/I
II
22/I
II
27/I
II
14/I
V
20/
VI
1/XI
19/
X
9/X
I
16/X
I
249
2018
4/II
I
8/II
I
10/I
II
12/I
II
17/I
II
5/I
V
8/V
I
16/X 5/X
17/
X
5/XI
246
2019
6/II
I
10/I
II
12/I
II
15/I
II
20/I
II
9/I
V
14/
VI
4/XI
16/
XI
7/X
I
15/X
I
254
Ўрик навларида 2017
-
2019 йй дарахтларнинг барглар сони, барг сат
ҳ
и
,
таъбий ва
қ
уритилган
вазн
ўлчамлари
2009
йилда
экилган
. 2-
жадвал
№ Навлар
Йил
Барглар
сони(1т
дона
)
Барг
сатҳи
(см
2
)
Баргнинг
таъбий
оғирлиги
Баргнинг
қуруқ
оғирлиги
Йирик
Ўртача
Майда
Йирик
Ўрта
ча
Майда
Йирик
Ўртача
Майда
1
Наджими
2017 12260
42
35
29
1,22
1,06
0,56
0,41
0,36
0,19
2018 11384
52
37
30
1,36
1,11
0,58
0,49
0,39
0,20
2019 12053
50
36
29
1,30
1,10
0,57
0,48
0,38
0,20
2
Субхони Заря
2017 11640
39
31
22
0,76
0,52
0,48
0,22
0,19
0,16
2018 10875
41
32
24
0,81
0,54
0,51
0,25
0,21
0,19
2019 11128
42
31
23
0,82
0,56
0,50
0,24
0,20
0,18
3
Руғи жуванон
миона
2017
5876
57
38
31
1.11
0.99
0.69
0.05
0.03
0.01
2018
4960
60
38
34
1.23
1.02
0.76
0.05
0.03
0.02
2019
5164
58
36
33
1.19
0.89
0.71
0.05
0.03
0.02
4
Сарвари
2017
6088
56
47
39
1.30
0.97
0.58
0.04
0.02
0.02
2018
5960
57
50
41
1.32
1.08
0.63
0.04
0.02
0.02
2019
6204
56
48
40
1.30
0.98
0.61
0.04
0.02
0.02
