Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
12
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
12-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article provides information on the yield of sunflower varieties Umnik, Buzuluk and hybrids Natalie, Mercury,
Fakel, Elion, Epsilon, Nord, Revansh, Typhoon, Arneb, Aris, grown as a re-crop on fields freed from grain crops, as a
result of studying their adaptability to soil and climatic conditions of irrigated lands in Uzbekistan.
KEYWORDS
Sunflower, variety, hybrid, growth, development, growing season, feed, yield.
INTRODUCTION
Every day the role and importance of the agricultural
sector in ensuring the food security of the world's
population is increasing. In particular, an urgent task is
to use the resources and opportunities available in our
country to provide the population with agricultural
products, further increase productivity and introduce
scientific achievements and modern approaches to the
sphere.
Sunflower is one of the main oilseeds in the world.
Sunflower oil plays an important role in meeting the
needs of the population in vegetable oil. Sunflower
seeds contain up to 55% oil, of which vegetable oil is
mainly used for food. Margarine is made from
sunflower oil. The low-quality part of sunflower oil is
used for technical purposes. Cake obtained by
processing seeds into oil is very nutritious, contains
Research Article
ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF FOREIGN SUNFLOWER
VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS
Submission Date:
June 06, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 11, 2023,
Published Date:
June 16, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue06-04
Siddikov Ravshanbek Inomjonovich
Doctor Of Agricultural Sciences, Academician Of The Russian Academy Of Sciences, Director Of The Research
Institute Of Grain And Leguminous Crops Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Muminov Abduvali Akbaralievich
Candidate Of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher Head Of Laboratory, Research Institute Of Grain And
Legumes Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Urinboev Khusniddin Khasanboy Ugli
Junior Researcher, Research Institute Of Grain And Leguminous Crops Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
13
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
12-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
about 20-35% protein and is a good feed for dairy cows.
Oily sunflower varieties do not branch.
Sunflower silage is well eaten by all kinds of animals.
Silage is much more nutritious, contains easily
digestible protein, carbohydrates, mineral salts and
vitamins. In 100 kg of silage there are 16.2 feed units
and 0.7 kg of digestible protein. Varieties intended for
animal feed branch well. When sowing forage, it is
recommended to sow in combination with corn.
As part of the development strategy of the new
Uzbekistan for 2022-2026 and the "Year of Human
Dignity and Active Neighborhood", tasks were set to
develop a program for 2022 and to increase the range
of processed meat, milk, fruits, vegetables, oils and
fats for industrial use from 898 up to 1100 items.
The innovative technology of sunflower cultivation is
based on the integrated use of the biological potential
of the productivity of modern hybrids and varieties in
different
agro-ecological
growing
conditions,
optimization of water and nutrient regimes in soils, the
use of an integrated plant protection system against
weeds, diseases and pests, modern complexes of
machines for cultivation and harvesting.
The cultivation of oilseeds in the country, along with
the creation of opportunities for the rational use of
land, opens up a wide path to solving the problem of
meeting the needs of the population in food, i.e. fat
and oil products.
In the conditions of irrigated lands of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, it is effective to sow sunflower as a feed in
areas freed from grain crops, and the best time for
sowing sunflower is from June 15 to July 15.
Purpose of the study: The study of sunflower varieties
and hybrids imported from Russia in the framework of
bilateral cooperation at the Research Institute of Grain
and Leguminous Crops is the purpose of this study.
Results of the study: Twelve varieties and hybrids of
sunflower were brought from the Russian Federation
to the Research Institute of Grain and Leguminous
Crops, planted and tested in 2021 on a field freed from
grain crops to study adaptability to irrigated soil and
climatic conditions of Uzbekistan.
Long-term experience shows that sunflower in a crop
rotation should return to its former field no earlier than
after 8-10 years. Violation of the return principle can
lead to mass damage by broomrape, downy mildew,
white, gray, ashy rot, Fusarium, Phomopsis and other
pathogens, and ultimately to a decrease in yield.
Field experiments were carried out in conditions of
irrigated meadow-serozem soils. In the experiment,
the seeds of sunflower varieties and hybrids were
sown to a depth of 5-6 cm with an SCh-4 pneumatic
seeder according to the scheme 60 cm x 30 cm x 1 as a
repeatedcarrying out technological measures that
provide optimal conditions for the formation of a high
yield and its quality.
Sunflower has a high ecological plasticity. It develops a
powerful root system, penetrating to a depth of 150-
300 cm, which makes it possible to use the moisture of
deep soil layers that are inaccessible to many other
field crops.
Since sunflower develops a powerful root system, it
should not be placed directly after crops with a deep-
penetrating root system - sugar beet, alfalfa, Sudanese
grass. These precursors strongly desiccate the soil to a
great depth, which leads to a moisture deficit during
the critical flowering-seed-filling period for sunflowers.
In irrigated soils, sunflower after these crops can be
sown in 1-2 years. Sunflower should not be placed
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
14
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
12-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
earlier than 3-4 years after soybeans, peas, rapeseed,
beans, as these crops have a number of common
diseases. The best predecessors of sunflower are
winter crops, a good one is corn for silage.
Fertilizers are one of the effective means of increasing
the yield of sunflower. The effectiveness of their
application depends on the biological characteristics of
varieties and hybrids, the provision of soils with
available forms of nutrients, the timing and methods of
application.
The main fertilizer provides the need for sunflower
plants in nutrients throughout the growing season.
Organic and mineral fertilizers are used as the main
ones. Of the organic manure, the effectiveness of
which depends on the conditions of moisture and the
temperature regime of the soil is of the greatest
importance. The optimal rate of manure is 20 t/ha
applied in autumn.
In the ongoing experiments, the annual norm of
phosphorus and potassium from mineral fertilizers for
sunflower is given at the rate of 90 kg of pure
phosphorus and 60 kg of potassium per hectare during
the period of land preparation before sowing.
During the period of crop care, the first top dressing
was carried out with nitrogen fertilizers in the phase of
4-6 leaves of the plant to a depth of 10-12 cm between
rows of 90 kg/ha of urea in its pure form. During the
period of formation of 10-12 leaves in the plant, the
second top dressing was carried out with ammonium
nitrate in the amount of 70 kg/ha with pure fertilizer by
the cultivator to a depth of 14-16 cm between the rows.
The crops were irrigated after each feeding. Also,
during flowering and grain filling, regular watering was
carried out, depending on soil moisture and the state
of the crop.
During the growing season of sunflower, with the help
of a cultivator, row-spacings were treated 3 times,
chemical treatments were carried out against diseases
and pests.
According to Table 1, the height of the Umnik and
Buzuluk varieties is 185 and 188 cm, respectively, and in
the hybrids Natalie, Mercury, Fakel, Elion, Epsilon,
Nord, Revansh, Arneb and Typhoon, the height was
185, 180, 186, 193, 190, 170, 179, 175, 175 and 180 cm
respectively. In general, it was noted that all varieties
and hybrids in the test completely went through the
phases of growth and development.
According to the results of field trials, varieties Umnik
and Buzuluk fully ripened in 90 and 95 days,
respectively, and hybrids Natali, Mercury, Fakel, Elion,
Ersilon, Nord, Revansh, Typhoon, Arneb and Aris in 98,
93, 90, 99, 100, 88 , 85, 100, 92 and 95 days respectively.
According to the results of the experiments, the
highest yield was obtained from 2 varieties and 4
hybrids of sunflower grown as a re-crop in the fields
freed from grain crops. The yield of sunflower varieties
and hybrids was as follows: varieties Umnik 28.9 c/ha,
Buzuluk 27.8 c/ha and hybrids Elion 27.5 c/ha, Arneb 27.1
c/ha, Aris 26.7 c/ha, Typhoon 26.5 q/ha.
Table 1
Economic and biological indicators of varieties and hybrids of sunflower
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
15
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
12-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
No.
Name of varieties
and hybrids
Sowing date,
number
Plant height,
see
Vegeta
ration
period, days
Yield, c/ha
1
Umnik
21.06.21 y
185
90
28,9
2
Buzuluk
21.06.21 y
188
95
27,8
3
Natalie
21.06.21 y
185
98
25,0
4
Mercury
21.06.21 y
180
93
25,6
5
Torch
21.06.21 y
186
90
25,9
6
Aelion
21.06.21 y
193
99
27,5
7
Epsilon
21.06.21 y
190
100
25,9
8
Nord
21.06.21 y
170
88
24,3
9
Revenge
21.06.21 y
179
85
25,8
10
Typhoon
21.06.21 y
175
100
26,5
11
Arneb
21.06.21 y
175
92
27,1
12
Aris
21.06.21 y
180
95
26,7
This means that if the average yield of cereals planted
as the main crop per hectare is 6.0-7.0 tons per hectare,
then from the variety and hybrids of sunflower planted
on this area as a secondary crop, you can get a yield of
2.5- 3.0 t/ha. As a result, 8.5-10.0 t / ha of crop is
obtained from 1 ha due to the double harvest from one
area.
Due to re-sowing, the amount of agricultural products
grown from 1 ha will increase by 1.5 times. This is
certainly important for ensuring food security.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we can say that when growing sunflower
varieties Umnik, Buzuluk and hybrids Elion, Arneb, Aris,
Typhoon on plots freed from grain crops in the soil and
climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, it is possible to
productivity is about 2,5-2,9 c/ha
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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–
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03
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06
Pages:
12-16
SJIF
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