Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
6
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
06-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In the article, scientific research and sources of their financing in shadow cultivation in agriculture were studied.
KEYWORDS
Soybeans, cultivation of soybean varieties, innovations, innovative technologies, seeds, next generation soybeans.
Chorian countries.
INTRODUCTION
It
is
known
that
after
Uzbekistan
gained
independence, the agricultural sector and its science
were completely reorganized. The forms of
management, management and ownership in
agriculture have been changed. The general structure
of the composition of agricultural crops has been
improved again. Many agricultural products, which
were imported from neighboring republics, now had to
be grown in our own farms. According to the Decree of
the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated
January 28, 2022 "On the development strategy of the
new Uzbekistan for 2022-2026" No. PF-60, the
reduction of 200 thousand hectares of cotton and
grain areas in agriculture, as well as the expansion of
soybean areas, accordingly led to a revision of the
share of other crops in the crop composition. Such
changes require a new approach to the organizational
and economic mechanisms of soybean cultivation.
Research Article
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND SOURCES OF THEIR FINANCING IN SHADOW
CULTIVATION IN AGRICULTURE
Submission Date:
April 01, 2023,
Accepted Date:
April 05, 2023,
Published Date:
April 10, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue04-02
Tashxodjayeva Gulnoza Saydamxodjaevna
“Tiiame” Nru, Independent Search Engine
, Uzbekistan
Samandarov Yunusbek Rahmon Ugli
Student Of “Tiiame” Nru
, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
7
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
06-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
From 2000 to 2015, the cultivation of soybeans in the
country decreased, the first reason for this was the
poor condition of the material and technical base of
the industry, the weakening of the support of science
and human resources also affected the production.
Scientific research work is being carried out in the field
of agriculture for the cultivation of soy crops and their
expansion. Given that soybean grows well in a variety
of soils, its successful cultivation requires adequate
rainfall and effective temperatures, as it increases its
heat requirements. Selection of soybean crops for
drought and cold tolerance is of great importance
given the growing interest in soybean cultivation by
regions.
The most urgent tasks in the cultivation of soybeans in
agriculture are to increase productivity, improve
biochemical and technological properties, and
strengthen resistance to drought, cold, and floods. At
the same time, the productive potential of the variety
can be realized only through the cultivation technology
that is compatible with its biological characteristics,
taking into account the natural conditions that play a
decisive role in the placement of crop varieties.
Despite
the
positive
trends
of
agricultural
development, the possibilities of cultural potential
have not yet been realized.
The indicators of the country's agricultural producers
and the results of scientific research also confirm this.
Thus, in 2020, the high productivity of soybean
varieties on farms in the Tashkent region can be an
example of the selection of varieties based on a
scientific
method
and
compliance
with
the
recommendations of scientific staff of scientific
institutions.
There are a number of options for soybean cultivation
technologies. It is available in different natural and
climatic conditions for each specific application area,
taking into account the existing material and technical
base of the agricultural producer.
However, the successful and rapid development of
soybean cultivation and farming as a promising branch
of agriculture should only be fully supported by the
state of local soybean producers. Strengthening state
control in the field of certification will help minimize
negative factors such as the use of agricultural seed
production by agricultural producers and the
proliferation of questionable products with low yields.
These lead to a decrease in the income needed to
further develop breeding programs.
In the process of agricultural development, issues of
climate change and dependence on water supply
create serious obstacles in the field of solving the issue
of increasing the economic efficiency of soybean
cultivation. That is why issues such as introduction of
resource-saving technologies in the network, breeding
of soybean varieties that meet market demand and
yield high-quality crops, creation and placement of
soybean varieties suitable for the regions of our
republic are becoming more and more urgent.
In order to achieve these goals, it is desirable to find a
solution to the following organizational and economic
problems of soybean cultivation and put it into
practice:
-
solving the issue of breeding soybean varieties that
are high-yielding, resistant to diseases and pests,
resistant
to rapidly
changing
unfavorable
conditions of nature, and maximally responsive to
changes in market demand, and taking into
account the degree of suitability for regional
conditions;
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
8
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
06-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
-
mechanisms for attracting investments and
innovations for material and technical armament in
soybean cultivation in agriculture should be
developed and implemented;
-
improving the system of supplying soybean
varieties with local and mineral fertilizers to
increase soil fertility, taking into account the soil
composition of the region, soybean types and
varieties, productivity, within the framework of
scientifically based agrotechnical regulations;
-
Optimizing the composition of soybean cultivation,
taking into account the changes in demand in the
regional markets and the available opportunities,
as well as the issue of producing products for
export;
-
in order to increase the level of mechanization of
agriculture, it is necessary to provide it with special
equipment, repair existing equipment and solve
the issue of components;
-
wide use of methods of technical and technological
improvement in soybean cultivation, including the
expansion of soybean diversity in the regions.
•
In agriculture, the banking method can be used in
the direction of soybean cultivation. For this, it is
necessary to allocate targeted credit resources to
farmers:
-
the cultivation of soy crops quickly covers the
expenses related to the purchase of special
techniques and equipment for its implementation;
-
restoration of a high-quality soybean variety,
planting of a productive soybean variety, creation
of a new soybean variety and taking into account
the use of new technologies:
-
it is necessary to improve the professional
qualifications of farm workers in soybean
cultivation, to help mastering new agrotechnical
measures, to improve the economic basis of
providing soybean cultivation with qualified and
experienced specialists, and to solve other similar
problems step by step.
In wide row crops, in order not to damage the root
system of plants, if the soybean rows are well defined,
the first inter-row cultivation is carried out at a depth
of no more than 5-7 cm. The second and subsequent
cultivation, when the weeds appear at a slightly
greater depth than the first, flat cutting is carried out
by working bodies. Interrow cultivation is stopped
when soybean plants close the row spacing.
In the development of agriculture, the issue of
expanding the possibility of growing soybeans, whose
quality and appearance meet the requirements of the
world market, based on the provision of high-quality
raw materials to the processing industry of soy
products of our republic, has the characteristic of
attracting buyers, in addition, it is necessary to find a
solution.
Increasing the productivity of soybeans and increasing
the economic efficiency of agriculture largely depends
on how the issue of optimizing the composition of the
soybean variety and improving the yield level is solved.
Optimizing the composition of the soybean variety is
required to take into account the specific
characteristics of each region. In this case, it is
necessary to pay special attention to the issue of
territorial placement of soybean species and varieties.
In regional location, it is necessary to take into account
not only the natural and climatic conditions of the
regions, but also the chemical and mechanical
composition of the soil, its characteristics according to
its types.
In the research of G. Shadieva and B. Saimnazarov, the
sowing period of soybean is 121-123 days when it is
planted before May 1-10. It is stated that this is optimal
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
9
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
06-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
for soybean plant development. Therefore, first of all,
if soybean varieties and their sowing period are chosen
correctly, there is a possibility of obtaining a high yield.
In the sustainable development of agriculture, it is
important to improve soybean varieties and select and
place varieties according to the nature of market
demand. Improving the quality of domestic varieties by
using foreign soybean varieties is one of the most
economically effective measures to increase the
maturity level of soybeans. In this case, it is necessary
to pay special attention to the issue of growing high-
quality soybeans, which are in great demand in the
market.
It is noted that, although the use of regional
opportunities is of great importance in the sustainable
development of soybean cultivation in our republic, it
is necessary to develop soybean cultivation even in
regions with limited land area.
It is possible to solve a number of socio-economic
problems of local importance by organizing soybean
cultivation in the development of agriculture in the
republic's territories. Including:
- it will be possible to ensure the employment of the
local population, to create conditions for them to earn;
- ensures effective use of land resources even in areas
unsuitable for agriculture;
- it is possible to better supply raw materials to the
preparation and processing industry of soybean
cultivation;
- opportunities for growing high-quality soy products in
ecologically clean conditions will increase.
As mineral fertilizers are allocated centrally for
soybean cultivation, especially in agriculture, in
particular, an effective system of providing mineral
fertilizers for soybean cultivation has not been created
today.
Since this issue depends more on the level of
development of the chemical industry, it is very
difficult to improve the supply of mineral fertilizers in
soybean cultivation in the near future. Therefore, the
main way out of the situation is the widespread use of
local fertilizers.
In combination with the relative cheapness of local
fertilizers, the quality of the products grown is high and
it is very useful for the human div from the point of
view of the environment. It is also one of the effective
methods of enriching the garden soil with waste and
other nutrients that can be implemented in each
soybean field, increasing the income of farmers by
increasing the yield of existing soybeans.
In the opinion of U. Nematov, when watering soybeans
at a humidity of 70-70-70% relative to ChDNS, the period
until flowering of soybean varieties is proportionally
12.5-12.6m3/ha in 1 day, and 2942-2990m3 of water is
consumed during the season (in the past period).
determined. Soyada emphasized that the soil moisture
in irrigation procedures or the number of irrigations
increased, water consumption will increase.
At the same time, there are real opportunities for large-
scale development of soybean cultivation in the
country. On the other hand, active agrarian policy for
agricultural development will help to increase local soy
consumption resources, reduce import of seed
materials and strengthen food security of the country.
In general, the funds allocated for research and
development of soybean cultivars lead to increased
efficiency.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
10
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
06-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In our opinion, the main reasons for underutilization of
research funding sources are:
-
poor financial condition of agricultural enterprises,
including farmers and peasant farms;
-
incomplete development of the mechanism of
financing research and development works by
agricultural enterprises;
-
scientific
production
relations
between
agricultural enterprises and scientific institutions
are not established on the basis of mutual interest,
most of them cannot fully imagine and project
scientific innovations and the economic results
achieved as a result of the introduction of these
innovations, they do not have enough information;
-
low qualification of employees in agricultural
enterprises;
-
it is considered that the research products cannot
appear as products in the agricultural market.
Self-financing of agricultural enterprises is the basis of
its independence, which is ensured by saving resources
and implementing a flexible cost and price policy.
However, it is not always possible for the enterprise to
finance its activities only from its own account, it is
necessary to attract the same funds. At the same time,
a mandatory requirement of the financial stability of
the enterprise is to observe the appropriate ratio of
own funds and credit funds. The financial risk
decreases with an increase in the share of own funds,
and a reasonable amount of attracted funds improves
the financial condition of the enterprise.
One of the main directions of increasing the financial
stability of agricultural enterprises is to increase its
profit and profitability. An increase in the profitability
of the enterprise helps to carry out expanded
reproduction, the ability to fulfill its obligations, and an
increase in the level of profitability, which
characterizes the increase in the efficiency of investing
financial resources.
REFERENCES
1.
Decree No. PF-60 of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022
"On the development strategy of the new
Uzbekistan for 2022-2026".
2.
Grinko A. V., Kulygin V. A., Vliyanie elementov
tekhnologii ozdelyvaniya na urozaynost soi v
usloviyax chernozemov obyknovennyx // "Jivye
i biokosnye sistemy".
–
2017.
–
No. 22; Friendly
mode:
http://www.jbks.ru/archive/issue222/aricle24
3.
Sulaymanov B.A., Atabaeva Kh.N., Tillaev R.
and the head. Do you know how to grow
soybeans? (Manual). - Tashkent, 2017.
4.
Balakay, G. T. Osobennosti tekhnologii
vozdelyvaniya soi na oroshaemyx zemlyakh
Yuga Rossii [Electronic resource] / G. T. Boy.
–
Friendly
mode:
http:
infotechno.ru/ros-
soya2014/dok balakay2014.php
5.
Ananeva,
V.
V.
Perspektivnaya
resursosberegayushchaya
technology
production type: method. recommendations /
V. V. Ananeva. - M.: Rosinformagrotex, 2008. -
56 p.
