Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
7
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
07-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article provides information about the ecological state of agrocenoses of the Khorezm oasis and the impact of
various agricultural technologies on the cultivation of mung bean, as well as the scientific and practical significance of
the influence of environmental factors on the growth, development and productivity of mung bean.
KEYWORDS
Agrocenosis, ecological factor, soil, mush, agricultural technology.
INTRODUCTION
Maintaining, restoring and increasing soil fertility is one
of the most important and urgent tasks in the
agriculture of the Republic. The soil and climate
conditions of our country allow to plant agricultural
crops throughout the year and harvest 2-3 times a year.
Therefore, to increase the ecological efficiency of the
irrigated lands by increasing the soil fertility, the
second half of the summer is effectively used, and in
the system of growing grain crops twice a year, cotton
and cob crops are planted, and in the rotation system,
winter wheat is grown. may consist of mash cultivation
as a repeat crop.
Mush is a valuable, medicinal, grain-producing plant
that absorbs free nitrogen from the air with the help of
nodule bacteria that live symbiotically in its roots and
collects 50-100 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare of land.
Research Article
STUDY OF MUSH AGROCENOSE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE KHORAZM
OASIS
Submission Date:
January 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
January 25, 2023,
Published Date:
January 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue01-02
Masharipov Adamboy Atanazarovich
Urdu., Dotsenti, Urganch Davlat Universiteti, Urganch Shahri, Uzbekistan
Bekchanov Shoxrux Raximberganovich
Urdu., 2-Kurs Magistranti, Urganch Davlat Universiteti, Urganch Shahri, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
8
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
07-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The annual norm of ng (30-40 t/ha) creates an
opportunity to increase the natural fertility of the soil
with the introduction of organic matter. During the
second half of the summer, it has been proven that the
productivity of cotton can increase by 50% or even
more if it is grown as a repeat crop in the fall wheat
field.
However, mosh is not equally effective in all soil and
climate conditions of our country. For this reason,
scientific and practical work on the influence of
environmental factors on the growth, development
and productivity of the mash crop in the agrocenoses
of the Khorezm oasis has not been sufficiently studied.
Level of study of the problem. It is known that any
agricultural crop removes a significant amount of
nutrients from the soil during its growing season. After
the plants are harvested, a certain amount of nutrients
remains in the remains of their stems and roots. In
addition, the residues of repeated crops quickly rot and
turn into inorganic matter (Halikov, 2007).
It should be noted that the mash plant has been used
as a recurrent crop in Uzbekistan for the past ten years.
However, its agrotechnics have not been fully
scientifically studied, only the same: fertilizer
standards, watering methods, seedling thicknesses,
this plant has been planted and harvested. In this
regard, B. Kholikov (2007) planted mung after wheat in
typical gray soil conditions and obtained a grain yield of
17.4-18.3 s/ha.
Researcher S.T. In the experiments carried out by
Negmatova, when the "Radost" variety of mosh was
planted in the morning at the rate of 400,000 seeds per
hectare of land, the yield was 19.3 s/ha, and the protein
content of the grain was 27.5 %, the seed consumption
was increased later (540,000/piece/ha) and the grain
yield of mung beans planted at the beginning of August
(1.08) was 14 s/ha, and a decrease in protein content
(25%) was observed.
THE MAIN PART
In order to achieve this goal by determining the
ecological features of the state of mosh agrocenoses
in the conditions of the Khorezm oasis, the following
are necessary: to reveal the main trends of
agrophysical and agrochemical parameters of soils of
agroecosystems and anthropogenic changes; reveal
the influence of environmental factors on the main
stages of plant growth and development; the tasks of
assessing the ecological potential and productivity of
agricultural agrocenoses were determined.
RESEARCH OBJECT AND METHODS
based on the data collected on the basis of agricultural
agrocenoses,
mush
crops
and
applied
agrotechnological measures, as well as on the
conducted experiments. This, in turn, serves to
determine the ecological characteristics of the state of
winter wheat agrocenoses in oasis conditions.
RESEARCH METHODS
Soil water-physical and chemical analysis (Tyurin,
Kachinsky, EC-Hanna meter (electrical conductivity
meter)) was carried out on the basis of ecological
(observation, comparison, experiment and modeling),
placement of options according to field experience in
carrying out research, ecological assessment methods.
The
manuals
"Metodika
Gosudarstvennogo
sortoispitaniya
selskohozyaystvennih
kultur"
(Moscow, Kolos, 1964), "Metodi issledovaniy s
zernobobovimi kulturami" (Oryol, 1971) were used for
conducting phenological observations and calculations
in repeated crops. The rest of the activities were
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
9
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
07-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
conducted on the basis of methodological manuals of
UzPITI.
All agrochemical analyzes were carried out using the
manual "Metodi agrokhimicheskih analizov pochv i
rasteniy"
(Tashkent,
1977),
"Metodi
agrokhimicheskikh,
agrofizicheskikh
i
mikrobilochicheskih issledovaniy v polivnih rayonakh"
(Tashkent, 1963). Mathematical analyzes of the
productivity of repeated crops and winter wheat were
determined by the method of B.A. Dospekhov (1985).
Research results. During the period of individual
development, mush passes a number of stages of
organogenesis, and they are as follows: 1) swelling; 2)
germination; 3) stem branching; 4) planing; 5)
flowering; 6) formation of pods; 7) ripening; 8) full
ripening.
Cabbage is one of the most heat-demanding crops.
High temperature is required for normal growth and
development of plants. The seeds begin to germinate
at a temperature of 8-100C, but rapid and oblique
germination of seeds is observed when the average
temperature is 12-140C. the part may rot.
In this respect, planting mung bean as a repeat crop is
very suitable for its heat requirement and fully
germinates in 3-4 days. Optimum conditions for mash
are created at a temperature of 18-220C. It blooms
easily even in hot weather and the harvest is
completed. It is advisable to have a temperature of 20-
250C during the flowering and flowering period. Mush
crop is heat resistant up to 45-47 degrees. Mush
sprouts and an adult plant are very sensitive to frost,
one degree of frost can kill it. Mush can withstand the
heat of the day and the cool of the night, that is,
sudden changes in the weather. The sum of the useful
temperature for fast-cooking varieties of mosh is
18000C, for medium-cooking varieties it is 20000C.
Mush is a light-demanding plant. This type of legume is
both a long- and short-day plant. The first period of
growth, i.e. before flowering, is quite long. It is not
advisable to grow mush in shady places (among
gardens), because the joint spaces in the stem of mush
grown in shady places are lengthened, the stem
becomes thinner, the fruit parts formed in each bush
decrease, as a result, its yield decreases. goes
Also, reducing the number of rows and increasing the
number of plants on the field by an average of 350-400
thousand bushes when planting mush also leads to a
decrease in mush grain yield. Moss is a self-pollinating
plant.
Depending on the length of the growing season,
cultivated mush is divided into the following groups:
very early (75-90 days); medium (85-105 days); evening
(100-115 days); are divided into very late (more than 115
days) groups.
The mush varieties grown in our republic are mainly
mid-early and mid-late, and their growing period is 90-
120 days. But it should also be taken into account that
the climatic conditions of the year (temperature,
humidity) have a great impact and can change the
growing season by 10-25 days. In addition, the
vegetation period of the plant depends on the altitude
and latitude of the place. In the northern regions, the
growing season is longer due to the longer days.
Because mush is a short-day plant. When the seed is
sown late (for example, in angus), the number of days
of germination and growth of seedlings is reduced,
that is, the growth period during repeated sowing is 10-
15 days shorter than in spring.
Depending on the demand for moisture, mush belongs
to the group of mesophytic plants. Mush seeds swell
quickly, for this they require water in the amount of 90-
92% of the dry weight of the seed. If moisture escapes
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
10
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
07-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
from the soil where moss is grown, it affects the
development and productivity of the plant. Mush
requires less water for germination than other types of
beans, and it germinates faster. Grass can appear 3-4
days after planting (in other types of beans, grass
appears 6-12 days after planting). Although mung bean
stands out in terms of resistance to heat, in any case, it
grows slowly in dry soil. Therefore, keeping the soil in
a healthy state is one of the most important conditions
that affect the development and productivity of mush.
It is also not good to fertilize the soil too much.
Otherwise, the ripening of the seeds will be delayed, as
a result, it will be very unsuitable for storage. Even
when it is used as seed, it does not work well.
Usually, mush is watered 4-5 times during the growing
season, and those planted in the garden are watered 2-
3 times during the growing season. 600-800 m3 of
water per hectare is used for each irrigation. Mush
sprouts cannot grow in dry conditions. Mush's demand
for moisture increases in the post-flowering period, if
the moisture content in the soil is less than 65%, the
grain is crushed, the yield decreases, and biological
nitrogen accumulation in the roots does not take place.
Watering is stopped after the lower pods start to turn
yellow.
According to its biological properties, moss is not
demanding on the soil. It grows well in black, gray,
grassy gray, sandy loam, sandy loam, and saline soils.
Meadow gray soils are the best soil for planting moss
in Uzbekistan. Even if the soil is low in nutrients, it
supplies itself with nitrogen with the help of bacteria in
the moss root. Mush nodule bacteria can be found in
all soils, because the activity of nitrogen-fixing nodule
bacteria in its roots is high and the level of utilization of
free nitrogen in the air is different.
It is also high in the soil, the reason is that the
rhizobium phaseoli bacteria, which are unique to mush,
are always present in all our soils.
The activity of tuganaks requires that the soil is porous,
and that the moisture content is 70% relative to ChDNS.
According to the obtained data, mush is more resistant
to salt due to the fact that it has the ability to release
excess salts accumulated in it.
CONCLUSION
In the conditions of alluvial soils of the Khorezm oasis
meadow, on the lands irrigated as a repeated crop,
cotton and grain crops increase soil fertility in the
system of crop rotation, and the possibility of
increasing the ecological efficiency of agrocenoses is
created.
REFERENCES
1.
Atabaeva H.N. Plant science. - Tashkent: Labor,
2000.
2.
Jumaev Z., Sirimov A. Agrotechnics of planting
moss in the field. // Recommendations for the
maintenance of repeated crops planted after
sorghum on irrigated lands. Tashkent: 1995.
3.
Kenjabaev Sh. M. Technology of mash cultivation:
Recommendation. -Tashkent: 2018.
4.
Kogay M. T. Cultivation of legumes on irrigated
lands. - T.: Uzbekistan, 1973.
5.
Mavlyanova R. F., Sulaymanov B. A., Boltaev B. S.,
Mansurov X. G., Oripov R., Khalilov N. Plant science.
-Tashkent: 2006.
6.
Pilov A.P. Beans and mash. - T.: Uzbekistan, 1978.
