Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
1
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
01-06
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article describes the importance of various siderate crops in maintaining soil fertility. Biomass accumulated in the
soil, level of preservation from erosion, effect on soil temperature in oil radish, rye and oil radish+rye options were
studied.
KEYWORDS
Oilseed rape, rye, soil erosion, soil temperature, soil leaching, siderate crops, legumes, forage crops.
INTRODUCTION
It is known that in the last quarter of the last century
and now environmental problems are given wide
importance, which can be called the basis of harmony
between man and nature. From this point of view,
mutual relations between soil, field crops and
environment are given great importance in agriculture.
This, in turn, absolutely requires the deepening and
expansion of our imagination, knowledge and
experience in this regard.
Research Article
ECOLOGICAL ROLE OF DIFFERENT SIDERATE CROPS IN IMPROVING SOIL
PROPERTIES
Submission Date:
January 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
January 25, 2023,
Published Date:
January 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue01-01
Kh.F. Batirov
Professor, Doctor Of Agricultural Sciences, Department Of Ecology And Safety Of Life Activity, Samarkand
State University Named After Sharof Rashidov, Uzbekistan
Sh.M. Turdimetov
Doctor Of Biological Sciences, Department Of Soil Science, Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan
R.B. Nurillaeva
Researcher Student, Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
2
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
01-06
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
It should be noted that environmental problems are
increasing in agriculture as well. First of all, we can give
an example of toxic substances accumulated in the soil
as a result of the use of mineral fertilizers and
pesticides. Regarding agricultural ecology, there are
many views, theories, in-depth researches, and
different opinions about the influence of this or that
level on the field. These confirm that agricultural laws,
systems, crop rotations and agro-technological
measures vary by region.
It is known that active mineralization of humus occurs
in conditions of intensive farming. This leads to
deterioration of agrochemical, physico-chemical,
biological and other properties, that is, to a decrease in
soil fertility. That is why it is important to maintain
humus balance using organic fertilizers. As a result of
the use of siderate crops, the quantity and quality of
humus can be improved. This can also be seen from the
reviews of the following studies.
V.V. Ivenin, V.L. Strokin, A.V. Ivenin [1] made special
experiments to study the effect of siderate crops on
soil properties. Among siderate crops, it was found
that perennial lupine accumulates relatively more
green mass.
B.Lei, J.Wang, H.Yao [2] increased the yield of rice as a
result of using siderates. This is a reduction in the
process of soil erosion, an improvement in density, It is
explained by the optimization of soil properties such as
water permeability, porosity, moisture storage
capacity, enzyme activity and soil environment (pH).
They emphasize that the properties of the soil should
be taken into account when choosing siderat crops.
P.Sullivan [3] studied the effect of vetch planting on
corn yield. In studies, the cost of planting a siderate
crop is covered by the additional yield from the corn
crop. Due to the improvement of soil properties, the
productivity of corn planted in the following years has
increased.
Mishchenko Y.G. and others [4] conducted studies on
the effect of siderate crops on the yield of potatoes.
The type and number of weeds also decreased as a
result of planting oil radish. An inverse correlation
between oil radish phytomass and weed damage was
found.
S.Sharma and others [5] experimentally studied the
enrichment of the soil with phosphorus and organic
residues and the increase in the number of water-
resistant microaggregates as a result of planting
siderate crops.
A.A. Aytemirov, M.B. Khalilov, T.T. Babaev.,
Z.G.Amiralievlar [6] determined that the water-
physical, agrobiological and agrochemical properties
of the soil are significantly improved as a result of
siderates. Siderates also performed a phytosanitary
function - weed pollution, diseases and pests
decreased, and protected the soil from wind and water
erosion.
R.F. Gakhramanova [7] determined that the length of
cotton, the number of sympiodal branches, and the
number of flowers were more productive compared to
the control variant under the influence of siderate
crops. These indicators were especially noticeable
during the flowering phase.
E.P. Gorelov, H.F.Botirov, V.L.Dobrodomov [8],
H.F.Botirov [9-10] and others say that the most
important aspects of using siderates are, first of all, the
correct selection of their representatives and paying
serious attention to seed breeding issues. is
considered.
In the experiments of H.F.Botirov, G.R.Karaev [11], they
calculated the organic mass left in the soil as a result of
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
3
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
01-06
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
planting siderates alone or in a mixed manner. In both
variants, compared to the control (plough), it left more
organic mass and prevented the plowed layer particles
from being washed away. The amount of biomass is
28.-31.2 t/ha, root residues 8.6-10.9 t/ha when planting
typhon; in rye crop biomass 24.0-26.8 t/ha, root
residues 5.4-7.3 t/ha; and in the mixture of typhon and
rye, the biomass was 39.2-43.6 t/ha, and the root
residues were 12.9-15.4 t/ha.
N.Usmonov, T.Ostonakulovov [12] determined the
improvement of the aggregative state of the soil tillage
layer, agrophysical, water properties, nutritional
regime and microbiological processes when summer
and autumn siderate crops are used.
In the studies of R. Oripov, A. Borievs [13], the yield of
winter wheat was 62.3-65.1 centners as a result of the
use of previous crop quality mash and rapeseed, and
12.6-15.4 t/ha additional yield compared to the control
winter wheat variant.
In the experiments of Sh.M. Turdimetov and others [14-
18], attention was paid to the properties and
characteristics of Mirzachol oasis soils, increasing their
fertility by planting legumes and fodder crops. After
planting these crops, it was observed that the yield of
cotton and winter wheat increased.
Research methods. Studies were conducted in four
variants and four repetitions. The first control option is
plow, the second option is oil radish, the third option is
rye and the fourth option is oil radish+rye. These
variants were carried out in fields with three different
slopes and the accumulated plant mass (t/ha) was
taken into account. Also, the depth of soil freezing in
the variants planted with these siderates was studied.
Soil contamination rates were also studied in variants
planted with siderates on moderately and strongly
washed soils. Therefore, in the research methods, the
plant mass, freezing depth and erosion protection
properties of different siderate crops were studied in
the soil.
Results and discussions. Soil and climate conditions
must be taken into account when choosing siderate
crops. In irrigated gray soils that are poor in humus,
enrichment with organic matter is an important issue.
Plant biomass is the basis of soil organic matter.
Considering the above, we conducted special
experiments on irrigated gray-meadow soils to study
the effect of siderate crops on soil fertility. According
to the results of the experiment, it was observed that
siderates accumulated a certain amount of plant
biomass residues when planted in autumn for winter
vegetation compared to the control (plough) (Table 1).
Table 1
Amount of organic mass in the tillage (0-40 cm) layer
Crop
Slope, 0
Slope-part
Plant biomass, t/ha
total
including the
root
Plow (control)
0-1,0
high
-
-
1,0-2,0
medium
-
-
2,0 >
lower
-
-
0-1,0
high
29,1
9,5
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
4
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
01-06
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Radish with oil
1,0-2,0
medium
27,0
8,1
2,0 >
lower
25,4
7,0
Rye
0-1,0
high
27,0
8,2
1,0-2,0
medium
25,2
7,7
2,0 >
lower
23,0
6,5
Radish with oil + rye
0-1,0
high
41,3
13,6
1,0-2,0
medium
38,5
11,7
2,0 >
lower
35,0
9,9
The data of the table confirms that the amount of total
organic mass was 29.1 t/ha when the slope (slope) was
0-1.0, and 25.4 t/ha when it was > 2.0. On the other
hand, in rye it is 27.0 t/ha and 23.0 t/ha, and when they
are planted in a mixture, the total is 41.3 t/ha when the
slope is 0-1.0, and 35.0 t/ha when it is > 2.0 and of which
the proportion of root residues was 13.6 and 9.9 t/ha.
Taking into account that crops such as alfalfa, winter
wheat, barley, sunflower and corn are planted in the
experimental farm, we divided them into groups
according to their ability to protect the soil, and the
crop that best protects the soil from erosion is alfalfa,
wheat, barley, rye and oil radish are good, and inter-
row crops, in particular, sunflower and corn, are bad
indicators.
At the same time, during the winter (December-
February), we also observed the effect of siderates on
the level of freezing of the surface layer of the soil and
the preservation of snow cover, and the obtained data
are presented in the table below (Table 2).
Table 2
Effect of siderates on soil surface layer freezing and snow accumulation
Variant
Soil layer by month, cm
Soil freezing
Snow cover
XII
I
II
XII
I
II
Plow (control)
5
7
4
0
3
7
Radish with oil
2
3
2
2
5
8
Rye
2
4
1
3
6
8
Radish with oil + rye
1
2
2
4
7
10
As can be seen from the table data, compared to the
control (plow) in the experiments, the freezing of the
surface layer of the soil was low when oil radish or rye
was planted in pure form, and the level of snow
accumulation was relatively high, but higher indicators
were obtained in the option of oil radish+rye planting.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
5
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
01-06
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
It was also observed that winter siderate crops protect
soil particles from being washed away compared to
plow (control) (Table 3).
Table 3
Effect of siderates on leaching of soil particles
Variant
Soil leaching depending on crop and erosion level
Average
Strong
t/ha
%
t/ha
%
Plow (control)
6,4
100
9,1
100
Radish with oil
5,1
79,7
7,9
86,8
Rye
4,8
75,0
7,2
79,1
Radish with oil + rye
4,0
62,5
5,8
63,7
It is known from the experimental data that the
amount of soil leaching in the control was 6.4 and 9.1
t/ha in moderate and strong levels, while this indicator
was less than 2.4 and 3.2 t/ha in the option planted with
oil radish + rye. Thus, we reflected only some ecological
aspects of growing winter crops. We think that this
problem is of particular importance in the Zarafshan
oasis, and therefore it should be the object of
comprehensive research.
CONCLUSIONS
The data obtained in the study of the effect of siderate
crops on soil properties show that their combined
application is more effective than the use of individual
siderate crops. For example, the accumulation of plant
mass was 35.0 t/ha in the conditions where oil
radish+rye was used in conditions where the slope was
>2.0. This indicates that it accumulated 37% more plant
mass compared to self-application of oil radish and 52%
more compared to self-application of rye. According to
other indicators, the option of oil radish + rye was
considered the most acceptable option.
REFERENCES
1.
Ivenin V.V., Strokin V.L., Ivenin A.V. Green
manure as an element of the biological system
of agriculture in the Nizhny Novgorod region.
Biological intensification of farming systems:
Experience and prospects for development in
modern
conditions
of
development.
Ulyanovsk, 2016. P. 78-85.
2.
Lei, B.;Wang, J.; Yao, H. Ecological and
Environmental Benefits of Planting Green
Manure in Paddy Fields. Agriculture 2022, 12,
223.
https://doi.org/10.3390/
agriculture12020223
3.
Sullivan P. Overview of Cover Crops and Green
Manures. Appropriate technology Transfer fo
Rual Areas. July, 2003.
4.
Mishchenko Y.G., E.A. Zakharchenko, S.I.
Berdin, O.V. Kharchenko, E.R. Ermantraut, I.M.
Masyk, V.S. Tokman. Herbological monitoring
of efficiency of tillage practice and green
manure in potato agrocenosis. Ukrainian
Journal of Ecology, , 210-219.
5.
Sharma S., Kaur S., Choudhary O., Singh M., Al
Huqail A., Ali H.M., Kumar R., Siddiqui M..
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
6
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
01-06
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Scientific
Reports
|
(2022)
12:7167
|
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11106-x.
6.
Aitemirov A.A., Khalilov M.B., Babaev T.T.,
Amiraliev Z.G. Influence of green manure on
the yield of spring grain crops under irrigation
conditions of the Terek-Sulak subprovince //
South of Russia: ecology, development. 2018.
Т.13, N2. P.144
-155. DOI:10.18470/1992-1098-
2018-2-144-155.
7.
Gakhmanova R.F. Comparative characteristics
of influence. mineral fertilizers and green
manure. on the phases of growth and
development of cotton.. Agrarian science.
2020; 342 (10): 88
–
91.
8.
Gorelov E.P., Batirov H.F., Dobrodomov V.L.
Recommendations for the cultivation of
rapeseed and perko for seeds // Ministry of
Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Tashkent, 1989, 9 p.
9.
Batirov H.F. Winter crop production// Tashkent,
Publishing House “Labor”, 1991,164 p.
10.
Botirov H.F. Growing two-year vegetable seeds
in winter// SamDU printing house named after
Sh. Rashidov, Samarkand, 2022, 150 p.
11.
Botirov H.F., Karaev G'.R. Siderates and seed
cotton yield in eroded soils. // Proceedings of
the 13th republic scientific-practical conference
on the topic “Intellectual potential youth in the
integration
of education, science and
production - an important factor of the
country's developm
ent”.
- Part IV. - Tashkent,-
2016. - P. 89-90.
12.
Usmanov
N.,
Ostanakulov
T.
Physical
properties and agrochemical composition of
potato field soil when different crop biomass is
used as siderate. - J. Agro Science - Agriculture
and Water Management of Uzbekistan.- 2021. -
№ 3.
- P.62-63.
13.
Oripov R., Boriev A. Effect of previous crops on
winter wheat grain yield and technological
quality parameters. - J. - Agroscience.- 2018. -
№
7. -
Б.29.
14.
Turdimetov
S.M.,
Musurmanova
M.M.
Properties of Soils located in different
Geomorphological
Conditions.
American
Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture
Innovations. Volume 02 Issue 11-2022. pp 01-06.
15.
TurdimetovSh.M., Rakhimov Z. Influence of
Leguminous and Fodder Crops on Soil
Agrophysical Properties and Crop Yields.
Annals of Plant Sciences. Volume 11, Issue 01
(2022) pp. 4705-4711.
16.
Turdimetov, S. M., Mirsharipova, G. K.,
Botirova, L. A., Abdujalilova, A. X., &
Mustafakulov, D. M. (2020). Impact of legume
crops on the agrochemical and agrophysical
properties of soil in mirzachol conditions.
Journal Of Critical Reviews, 7(17), 2220-2234.
17.
Turdimetov, S. M., Sunnatova, D. (2017). How
plant
peas
affect
soil’s
agrochemical
properties. In MODERN ECOLOGICAL STATE
OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND
SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF
RATIONAL NATURE MANAGEMENT (pp. 779-
781).
18.
Turdimetov, S., Abdurakhmonov, I., Botirova,
L., Zikirov, I., &Ashiralieva, S. (2021). Soil Quality
Assessment Principles for Vegetable Crops.
Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell
Biology, 25(6), 9944-9952.
