Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
41
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
41-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article describes the conditions of cultivation of soy on saline soils Bukhara, its positive impact on productivity of
the subsequent crops, soil fertility, as well as efficient use of lands.
KEYWORDS
Land, soil salinity, soil fertility, specie, breed, cotton, crop yield.
INTRODUCTION
The soils of the Bukhara oasis are mainly meadow
alluvial and formed on the basis of the sediments of the
Zarafshan river flowing through the water for
thousands of years. The climate is a sharply changing
continental climate. The history of farming goes back
several thousand years. Irrigation farming is mainly
developed in Bukhara. Since the soils of Bukhara are of
different degrees of salinity, agrotechnical activities of
salt washing are carried out in these lands in the
autumn and winter season, and this event also leads to
a decrease in soil fertility. A number of scientists F.
Jumaev, N. Safarova 2018y, F. Jumaev, Yu. Hikmatova
2019, F. Jumaev, Z. Ataeva 2021. (1-3) have scientifically
studied how to increase soil fertility by planting
leguminous crops.
Irrigated agriculture is developed in the Bukhara
region, and the land areas where all agricultural crops
are grown are made up of soils with varying degrees of
salinity. Therefore, effective use of land, selection of
exportable crops suitable for these soil conditions, and
increasing soil fertility is one of the urgent tasks of
today.
Research Article
THE ROLE OF SOY IN SOIL PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENT USE OF LANDS
Submission Date:
October 01, 2022,
Accepted Date:
October 05, 2022,
Published Date:
October 30, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume02Issue10-08
Jumayev F.H.
PhD, Docent, Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
42
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
41-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Effective use of land, obtaining high yields from
planted crops, ensuring food security, covering costs
incurred from designated land and achieving
profitability are important tasks for existing farms.
Genetic-1 type
Orzu
type
Bukhara-6
type
Picture-1. Soy and cotton varieties
Soybean plant with leguminous, oily, protein-rich is of
great importance in agriculture, effective use of land
with low quality and productivity, ensuring national
economy and food security, increasing land
productivity and achieving economic profitability.
Method of the experiment: The experiments were
conducted at the training-field experimental farm of
the Faculty of Agronomy and Biotechnology of the
Bukhara State University and at the "Arbob Botir" farm
in the Bukhara district. done. Genetic-1, Orzu and
cotton Bukhara-6 varieties of soybeans were used in
the experiment (picture-1).
Experimental results: Soy belongs to the genus Glycine
L., which is divided into two subspecies. The first is the
subgenus Glycine Wild, which includes 9 species, and
the second is Soja (Moench) F.Y.NERM. 2 species
belong to the subfamily, according to R. G. Palmer (4),
there are 11 species in total. When the polyploid level
of soybean was studied (haploid n-20), it was found
that there are mainly diploid (2n=40) and two
tetraploid (2n=80) species (5).
Soja (Moench) F.Y.NERM. There are 2 species in the
subfamily, the diploid (2n-40) G. soja Sieb and the
cultured G. max L. Meer. According to V. B. Enken (6),
the cultured soybean type G. max L. Meer is divided
into 6, i.e., semi-cultured, Indian, Chinese, Korean,
Manchurian and Slavic subtypes.
In the world, N.I. Vavilov (7) identified two centers of
origin for the soybean plant, i.e., the center of
Australia, although the center of soybean is more
ancient, Southeast Asia. Although central Australia is
more ancient, soybeans have been cultivated by
humans in Southeast Asia. The United States is the
largest soybean-growing region in the world. These
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
43
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
41-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
cultivated areas are 35.6 million hectares in the USA,
33.3 million hectares in Brazil, 11 million hectares in
China, and 3 million hectares in Japan. It is also
cultivated in many countries such as Russia, India,
Korea, Vietnam, Indonesia, European countries, North
Africa, Australia (8).
Soybean production in the world is 320.5 mln. tons, of
which Brazil has 106.6 mln. tons, the USA currently has
106.1 million. tons, Argentina 58.5 mln. produces tons.
Brazil is the leading country in the sale of soybean grain
and meal, or 57.6 mln. tons of soybeans and 15.6
million tons of wheat flour. The main purchasing
country is China (8).
The soybean plant is heat demanding. A temperature
of 12-
14ºС is rec
ommended for seed germination and
18-20º for grass formation. The temperature of 1600-
1700ºС is necessary for the earliest varieties of soybean,
200-2200º for middle-ripening varieties, and 2800-
3000ºС for late
-ripening varieties. 4-5 kg of nitrogen,
2.3-2.5 kg of phosphorus and 3.5-3.7 kg of potassium
are used to obtain one centner of soybeans. Soybean
grows and yields well in all saline soils in Uzbekistan.
"Orzu", "Nafis", "Genetic-1" in the early part of the
republic,
"Dostlik",
"To'maris",
"Oyjamol",
"Uzbekskaya-2", "Parvoz" and "Baraka", "Uzbekskaya-
6" ” late ripening varieties were created. Early
varieties ripen in 75-90 days, medium-ripening varieties
in 100-120 days, and late-ripening varieties in 135-140
days. The productivity of soybeans is very dependent
on the varieties. (9).
To increase livestock productivity, when animals are
fed soybean meal, their daily weight gain doubles. In
order to reach 100 kg of live weight, the feeding period
is shortened by 10-15 days, and the quality of the
product increases. For fodder, soybean meal, flour,
and greens are used. Kunjara contains 38.7% protein
and 5.5% oil. Soybean meal and meal replaces milk in
calf rations. 1t. 750-800 kg of meal can be obtained
from soybean meal when it contains 40% protein and
1.4% oil. It is observed when it is harvested during
flowering and grain maturity, which is valuable for
livestock. 145-301 grams of protein per serving of
soybean greens.
Soybean is a valuable plant that is of great importance
in the food industry, medicine, and especially in
agriculture to improve soil fertility. Soybean seeds
leave behind 85-95 kg of ecologically pure biological
nitrogen on one hectare of land when they are not
treated with nitrogen bacteria. This ensures rapid
growth and high yield of the next planted agricultural
plants.
When obtaining a high yield from agricultural crops,
soil fertility undergoes important biological processes,
and with the participation of microorganisms, complex
organic substances turn into active substances
absorbed by plants. The amount of microorganisms in
the soil, their activity depends on the mechanical
composition of the soil, its density, the amount of
humus, the level of humidity and other factors.
According to the decision of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 29, 2015 No.
PQ-2460, during the period 2016-2020, 10 thousand
hectares of cotton yielding 12-15 centners of cotton and
5 thousand hectares of grain fields yielding 15-20
centners of cotton in the period 2016-2020, a total of 15
thousand hectares of low productivity areas have
been reduced, and in order to effectively use these
areas and increase their productivity, to improve the
soil structure, it has been decided to establish
vegetable, oil leguminous crops and intensive
vineyards. Based on this decision, the selection and
planting of leguminous soybean varieties suitable for
the conditions of Bukhara in the fields of farms in the
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
44
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
41-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Bukhara region, and its effect on the effective use of
land, soil fertility and the yield of subsequent crops
were studied.
In the educational and practical field of the Bukhara
State University, a comparative analysis was made of
the grain yield of the soybean variety "Genetic-1"
planted in April and as a repeat crop after the autumn
spiked grain in July, and the yield of the cotton variety
Bukhara-6 planted the following year in the fields
planted and not planted with soybeans. In addition,
the productivity of soybean variety "Orzu" will be
analyzed at "Arbob Batir" farm in Bukhara district. The
data obtained on the basis of experiments show that
when the "Genetic-1" variety of soybeans was planted
on April 12, it fully ripened by August 20, and on
average, in 2012-2015, 32.1 centners of grain was
obtained per hectare, and when it was planted after
repeated sowing, a harvest of 24.5 centners was
achieved. After soybeans, an average yield of 36.8 t/ha
was obtained from the area planted with Bukhoro-6
variety, while an average yield of 31.7 t/ha was obtained
from the area without soybeans. Also, on average,
29.5 t/ha of soybeans were planted on 1.5 hectares of
"Arbob Botir" farm. In the following year, 35.6 t/ha of
raw cotton was obtained from cotton in this area, and
the yield in the contour next to soybeans was 31.2
quintals.
CONCLUSION
As a result of scientific research, it is possible to
conclude based on the data obtained from the
experimental field of Bukh.DU and from the farm fields
and recommend to farmers that in the conditions of
Bukhara region, for effective and productive use of
land, to increase soil fertility and to obtain a high yield
from cotton, the main and early varieties of
leguminous soybean should be used. planting as a
repeated crop is of great importance, which provides
an average additional yield of 4-6 centners per hectare.
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Jumaev F.H., Safarova N.I. / Importance of
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Jumaev F.H., Hikmatova Yu. The role of shade in
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