Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
24
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
24-31
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article presents a comparative analysis and monitoring of remote sensing of agricultural crops using various
methods based on modern digital technologies.
KEYWORDS
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), electronic map, agriculture, acreage, monitoring, satellite image, remote sensing.
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, using drones in agriculture has begun to
develop rapidly, and the issue of introducing these
technologies into production is becoming urgent.
Modern technical support, such as spectral cameras,
makes drone technologies more informative and
significantly expands their scope of application [1,2,3].
In agriculture, the following tasks can be solved with
the help of unmanned aerial vehicles: creation of
electronic maps of fields, (construction of 3D model of
fields), inventory of agricultural land; there were
rations for estimating the volume of work and
monitoring their implementation, optimal construction
Research Article
THE IMPORTANCE OF USING DRONES IN MONITORING AGRICULTURAL
CROPS
Submission Date:
October 01, 2022,
Accepted Date:
October 05, 2022,
Published Date:
October 13, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume02Issue10-06
Maxfuza T. Abdullayeva
Scientific Researcher Of The State Scientific Design Institute
“
Uzdaverloyiha
”,
, Uzbekistan
G
‘Ofurjon
T. Parpiyev
Doctor Of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher Deputy General Director
Of “
Uzdaverloya
”
, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
25
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
24-31
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of irrigation systems; operational monitoring of crop
conditions; monitoring the normalized vegetation
index NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)
for efficient application of fertilizers; crop germination
assessment, crop yield prediction, agricultural land
environmental
monitoring,
agricultural
land
protection, spraying of chemicals to control pests and
diseases; assessment of the chemical composition of
the soil [4].
THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS
Technological equipment and high accuracy of
operations allow quadcopters to be used on a large
scale. In particular, the scale of use of agrodrones in
agricultural production practice is expanding. They are
also high-tech devices with a technologically simple
design and principle of operation.
The main advantages of agrodrones are follows:
- Less time consumption. Tests and practical use of
drones show that due to the wide spray zone, they can
process 4-6 hectares of land in 20 minutes of flight.
- Functionality. Equipped with a large liquid tank and
sprayer, the aircraft can transport pesticides or
fertilizers to the field and hard-to-reach areas, and
spray their doses accurately and uniformly.
- Saving money. Reducing the cost of using special
equipment and fuel.
- Mobility. Agrodrones can quickly bypass obstacles, so
they can be used in gardens, forests, mountains.
Wide capacity. Different methods and different
systems are provided to build a route for drones to
work effectively. In addition, agrodrones can
automatically record breaks, return to the starting
point, and resume work from the previous place.
The ease of use of an airplane type drone can be done
by anyone with a little practice.
Disadvantages of drones. Despite all the positive
aspects, drones have a number of disadvantages:
- Depending on the operations performed by the
Agrodron, the limited flight time does not exceed 40
minutes.
- Load lifting capacity of about 12 kg.
- The volume of the tank is up to 12 liters.
- Depending on the weather conditions, the agrodrone
can only be stopped by moderate snow or rain and
wind blowing at a speed of up to 8 m/s.
Practical experience of recent years shows that
investments made in the first year of active use of
agrodrones in agriculture bear fruit. Recently, there
has been a gradual decrease in the price of drones and
an increase in the number of offers of professional
services using drones.
R.A. Turaev in crop monitoring [5,6], indicated the
following types of using drones in agriculture:
- monitoring the quality of irrigation and drip irrigation
of irrigated fields using irrigation machines;
- field monitoring in order to identify animals that have
fallen into the area (to protect them from damage);
- by monitoring the location and use of agricultural
machinery, in particular, by monitoring the directions
of machines in the field, it will be possible to quickly
assess the quality of the work of mechanizers. Quality
control of cultivated areas;
- construction of land reclamation, monitoring of
irrigation systems;
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
26
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
24-31
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
- feeding livestock, searching for stray animals from the
herd, directing them to the herd;
- detection of sick animals in the herd using a drone
equipped with a thermal camera and necessary
software;
- to create electronic maps of sites, the final product is
a high-resolution orthophoto plan and, based on it, to
create vector maps that illuminate the information
required by the customer;
- registration of crops and fields, hayfields, pastures,
perennial grasses, mines, which determine the
objective area of arable land and arable land;
- creation of topographic plans;
- monitoring of irrigated crops without harming them;
- use in fire analysis, fire monitoring;
- introduction of chemicals into selected, polluted
areas of the mine;
- assessment of the growth of weeds and other pests
or algae in water supply systems or water bodies;
- assessment of the scope of work and continuous
control of their implementation;
- documentation of damage caused by natural
disasters.
Compared to the traditional method, there is a sharp
difference in the monitoring of agricultural land in
modern methods. For example, if we describe the
monitoring of 500 hectares of agricultural land using
various methods, then in the traditional method, 4
days are spent on field work by 4 land surveyors, 6 days
are spent on data processing, and the cost required for
monthly wages is 9 mln. soum.
In addition, when a quadcopter (Phantom 4 pro+)
drone is used for 500 ha of agricultural land, 6 hours of
field work and 4 hours of data processing are spent by
2 land surveying operators, and the cost required for
monthly salary is 900,000 soums [5].
According to our comparative analysis of remote
sensing of 1000 ha of agricultural cropland using
different methods, it can be expressed as following.
1.
By traditional method
–
the time spent is 5
days, 4 land surveyors are required according to the
manpower and position, it is found that 5 days will be
spent on data processing. From this, the monthly salary
was 8,800,000 soums, the level of accuracy of the
obtained information was found to be 70-85%. The
positive side is almost imperceptible, because the
human factor is very high. Because it takes 10 days to
process the data.
2.
By using a quadcopter equipped with an optical
and multispectral camera (Foxtech Hover 1 FH 310Z)
–
it takes 8 hours, requires 2 land surveying operators
according to the manpower and position, and also
spends 4 hours on data processing. Out of this, the
monthly salary is 880,000 soums, the level of accuracy
of the information obtained is 99%. The upside is very
high.
1) no special place is required to launch the device;
2) it is effective to use in small fields (up to 500-1000
hectares);
3) it is possible to create an electronic digital map of
agricultural arable land with an accuracy of 7 cm;
4) the ability to obtain quick information on the types
of plants in the pasture, their condition, and the level
of disease on the basis of processed spectral data;
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
27
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
24-31
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
5) forms a database for the creation of artificial
intelligence, which allows to obtain online information
on the condition of agricultural land, areas of
distribution of plants and other information;
6) it is possible to upload processed data directly to the
geoportal of the Ministry of Agriculture of Uzbekistan;
7) the high accuracy of the created digital maps allows
for the implementation of project work;
8) no influence of the human factor.
Negative aspects:
1) flight duration is 40 minutes;
2) recharging need;
3) after the end of the maintenance period, it needs to
be repaired;
4) cannot be used in adverse weather conditions
(windy, snowy, rainy days).
3.
Cartographic drone-Foxtech AYK-250 VTOL
Inspection Combo
–
it takes 2 hours, requires 3 land
surveying operators according to manpower and
position, and 4 hours is spent on data processing. Of
this, the monthly salary is 880,000 soums, the level of
accuracy of the information obtained is 99%. The
upside is very high.
1) it is effective to use for large areas (1000 ha and
more);
2) it is possible to create an electronic digital map of
agricultural arable land with an accuracy of no less than
5 cm;
3) it is possible to upload the processed data directly to
the geoportal;
4) the high accuracy of the created digital maps allows
for the implementation of the project;
5) no influence of the human factor.
Negative aspects:
1)
after the end of the maintenance period, it
needs to be repaired;
2)
cannot be used in adverse weather conditions
(windy, snowy, rainy days).
4.
Satellite images
–
it takes 40 minutes, requires
1 land surveyor according to the manpower and
position, and 4 hours are spent on data processing. The
monthly salary is 220,000 soums. The positive side is
very high.
1) it is possible to obtain an unlimited number of
agricultural land surveys in terms of a unit of time;
2) it is possible to create an electronic digital map of
agriculture with an accuracy higher than 50 cm;
3) has the ability to receive information quickly
compared to drones;
4) it is possible to upload the processed data directly to
the geoportal;
5) no influence of the human factor.
There are also negative aspects of this method. For
example:
1) it is necessary to purchase a space photo;
2) purchased space photo will need processing;
3) does not give clear results in adverse weather
conditions (cloudy, snowy, rainy days);
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
28
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
24-31
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
4) the space map of agricultural land is updated every
six months;
5) the accuracy of free space photography is low;
6) the purchase price of average resolution space
photo is about $12.5 per 100. This is equal to 1,382,000
soums per 1,000 ha (as of May 10, 2022).
Overall 8,800,000 soums are spent on 5 land surveyors
in a total of ten days along with materials processing in
the traditional way, while the cartographic drone-
Foxtech AYK-250 VTOL Inspection Combo method is
used, a total of 880,000 soums are required for 3 land
surveyors in 6 hours. The main thing is that the
accuracy of the data is 99%.
In general, with the help of such modern technologies,
a 65% reduction in the impact of the human factor in
agricultural land monitoring is achieved [5].
You can also fly multiple drones simultaneously to get
more information. Because there are no big airfields or
other similar obstacles to launch drones. Modern
programs and data from drones make it possible to
form and regularly update the geoinformation system
in a short period of time.
Table 1
Comparative analysis of remote sensing of 1000 ha agricultural cropland using different methods
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
29
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
24-31
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
#
Methods of
remote
sensing
Time
spent
(day,
minut
e)
Labor
force
and
positio
n
Data
processi
ng
Expenses
(daily)
required on
the basis of
monthly
salary, in
soums
The degree
of accuracy
of the
obtained
informatio
n, %
Main features
Advantages
Disadvantages
1
Traditional
method
3 days
1 land
survey
or
1 day
300 000
70-85
-
1. It takes 9 days to
process the data.
2. The human factor is
high.
2
Quadrocopte
r equipped
with optical
and
multispectral
camera
(Foxtech
Hover 1 FH
310Z)
Price:
With an
optical
camera - 28
mln. soum.
With a
multispectral
camera - 90
mln. soum.
8
hours
2 land
survey
ors
4 hours
660 000
99
1.
No special place is required to
launch the device.
2.
It is effective to use in small fields
(up to 2500 hectares).
3.
It is possible to create an electronic
digital map of agricultural arable land
with an accuracy of up to 7 cm.
4.
On the basis of the processed
spectral data, it is possible to obtain quick
information
about
the
types
of
agricultural crops, their condition, and
the level of disease.
5.
Forms a database to create artificial
intelligence that allows for online
retrieval of agricultural crop status,
vegetation
coverage,
and
other
information.
6.
It is possible to upload the
processed data directly to the geoportal.
7.
The high accuracy of the created
digital
maps
allows
for
the
implementation
of
land
surveying
projects.
8.
No influence of the human factor.
1.
The duration of the
flight is 40 minutes.
2.
It
will
need
additional power.
3.
At the end of the
maintenance period, it will
need to be repaired.
4.
It cannot be used in
adverse
weather
conditions (windy, snowy,
rainy days).
3
Cartographic
drone-
Foxtech AYK-
250 VTOL
Inspection
Combo
Price:
161 mln.
soum.
2
hours
3 land
survey
ors
4 hours
880 000
99
1.
Large size
2.
(1000 hectares and more) is
effective for application.
3.
It is possible to create an
electronic digital map of pastures with an
accuracy of no less than 5 cm.
4.
It is possible to upload the
processed data directly to the geoportal.
5.
The high accuracy of the created
digital
maps
allows
for
the
implementation of project work.
6.
No influence of the human factor.
1.
At the end of the
maintenance period, it will
need to be repaired.
2.
It cannot be used in
adverse
weather
conditions (windy, snowy,
rainy days).
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
30
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
24-31
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
#
Methods of
remote
sensing
Time
spent
(day,
minut
e)
Labor
force
and
positio
n
Data
process
ing
Expenses
(daily)
required on
the basis of
monthly
salary, in
soums
The
degree of
accuracy
of the
obtained
informatio
n, %
Main features
Advantages
Disadvantages
4
FOXTESN
TNEA 130
(spray
drone)
It flies
for 20
minut
es per
1
chargi
ng
2 land
survey
ors
-
660 000
-
1.
The possibility of agrochemical
processing from a height of 3-4 meters
without causing physical damage to
plants (without touching them);
2.
10 liter of liquid mass - processes
1.0 hectares in 20 minutes with
chemical means;
3.
while moving in one direction, it
moves by spraying liquid from a height
of 3-4 meters in a width of 3-5 meters.
4.
With the help of 1 spray drone, it
is possible to carry out agrotechnical
activities with the help of chemicals on
crops on an area of up to 24 hectares
in one day.
1.
The duration of the
flight should not exceed
20 minutes;
2.
The capacity of the
suspension tank does not
exceed 10 liter;
3.
It cannot be used
in adverse weather
conditions (windy,
snowy, rainy days).
It is a specialized agrotechnical drone with a perfect
spraying system, designed for seed and liquid spraying,
plant protection, as well as trichogram spraying
activities developed in biological laboratories.
- 10 liter of liquid mass - treats 1.0 hectares of land in 20
minutes with chemical means;
- while moving in one direction, it moves 7-10 meters
wide by spraying liquid.
- it is possible to carry out agrotechnical activities with
the help of chemicals on crops on an area of up to 24
hectares in one day.
CONCLUSIONS
Hence, it indicates the superiority of the human factor
in traditional monitoring studies. In addition, it is worth
mentioning here that monitoring studies carried out by
the land surveyor require a certain amount of time.
And, of course, in this respect, these cases do not fully
correspond to today's requirements.
Organization of monitoring of agricultural crops on the
basis of digital technologies is, firstly, monitoring and
quick analysis of data, saving time, secondly, less
manpower is required, thirdly, excessive spending of
funds is avoided, and finally, data reliability is achieved.
Depending on the natural and climatic conditions, the
accuracy level of data is 70-100% using the quadcopter
and cartographic drone Foxtech AYK-250 VTOL
Inspection Combo equipped with optical and
multispectral camera (Foxtech Hover 1 FH 310Z) or
satellite images.
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
31
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
24-31
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
REFERENCES
1.
Fedorenko V.F., Mishchurov N.P., Buklagin
D.S., Goltyapin V.Ya., Golubev I.G. Digital
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p.
316.
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Тураев Р.А., Абдуллаева М.Т. Использование
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