Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
1
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
01-07
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is the most spread melon crop in Uzbekistan. More than 130 local varieties of melon are
cultivated in various regions of the republic. Every year melons and gourds are cultivated on the area of150 thousand
hectares. The most harmful diseases of the melon are powdery mildew and Fusarium wilt. All local varieties of melon
are susceptible to these diseases. Annually from these diseases, the yield of melon is reduced by 20-25%. The most
effective way to combat these diseases is to develop resistant varieties. The Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon
Crops and Potato has carried out long-term selection work to create melon varieties resistant to powdery mildew and
Fusarium wilt. Breeding local varieties of melon with economically valuable traits and high test quality with genes for
resistance to these diseases have been created and included in the State Registe of Uzbekistan.
KEYWORDS
Breeding, melons, hybrid, variety, resistance, quality, sectional material, productivity.
INTRODUCTION
The crop of melon in Uzbekistan goes deep into the
past. Uzbek melons, as a delicacy, were exported to
China, and in the 9th-10th centuries. - to Iraq. In the
medical work Skara-Azyam, written in Farsi and dating
back to the 4th century BC, the healing properties of
melons are indicated, recipes are given for using it
against various diseases.
The healing properties of melon were used in folk
medicine for the treatment of bronchitis, rheumatism
and diseases of the liver and kidneys. The medicinal
value of melons is also confirmed by medical science.
Research Article
BREEDING WORK WITH MELON CROP IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Submission Date:
October 01, 2022,
Accepted Date:
October 05, 2022,
Published Date:
October 12, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume02Issue10-01
Khakimov Rafikjon Abdunabievich
Research Institute Of Vegetable, Melon Crops And Potato, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
2
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
01-07
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Consumption of melons contributes to the regulation
of many physiological processes in the human div
and therefore recommended in the treatment of
diabetes and liver diseases. The folic acid contained in
melons has an anti-sclerotic effect and plays an
important role in blood formation.
Melon has dietary value. The fruits also contain
substances necessary for the div, such as
antiscorbutic vitamin C, provitamin A (carotene) and
pectins. Melon seeds contain 23-35% fat, the oil
obtained from them competes with Provence. Their
nutritional value is determined by the high content of
various sugars. According to V.F. Bel-Kuznetsova and
N.S. Zhitenova (1937), the sugar content of fruits of the
best melon varieties can reach 20%.
Among Uzbek melons there are ultra-early, small-
fruited (300-600g),
mid-ripening and late varieties with medium, large and
very large fruits (up to
10 kg and above). The pulp of some varieties is tender,
melting or juicy, crispy, very sweet with a pleasant
specific melon aroma. The shape of the fruit is round,
rounded, oval, elliptical, elongated; fruit color - dark
green, light green, beige, yellow, brown, light brown,
the surface is smooth, even, ribbed, mesh.
Thus, there are a big list of varieties of the melons of
Uzbekistan.
The harvest from ultra-
early varieties like “Khandalak”
comes from the beginning of under temporary
envelope shelters, followed by mid-maturing varieties
from July and late varieties from September to
October. Experienced farmers store winter late melons
by the folk method until April.
However, in recent years, with the deterioration of
environmental conditions around the world, including
in Uzbekistan, melons have become significantly
affected by diseases. The most harmful types of
diseases: fusarium wilt of plants and powdery mildew.
Breeding work on resistance of valuable local varieties
to fungal diseases powdery mildew and fusarium is
carried out by the Research Institute of Vegetable and
Melon Crops.
The aim is to give varieties the property of resistance
to diseases, while maintaining the high taste and
appearance of local melons.
It is known that the most effective and
environmentally safe method of controlling fungal and
other diseases is to create resistant varieties
Materials and methods
To obtain disease resistant varieties of local
varieties, semi-cultivated forms resistant to powdery
mildew and fusarium, Kurume and Kutana, as well as
disease resistant local varieties Ak uruk 1137, Ich kyzyl
large-fruited, Shakar palak 557, Shakar palak 2580,
Kokcha 588, Kuysh 476, Umir vaki 3748 were used in
breeding work. In hybridization, local varieties were
used as mother form and varieties Kurume and Kutana
were used as father form.
In F2, resistant plants were selected by individual
selection and backcrossed with them repeatedly
during 2-3 generations with the original parental form
–
a local melon variety. In each generation, breeding
lines resistant to powdery mildew and fusarium were
selected individually, with the features of the original
form in terms of fruit taste and appearance.
Backcrosses and individual selections continued until a
full analogue of the original variety, but with the
resistance gene.
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
3
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
01-07
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In the second stage of breeding, new varieties of
melon resistant to powdery mildew Tuoyona, Oltin
Tepa, Oltin Vodii and local varieties Kok tinny 1087, Obi
navvat, Kizil gulabi, Olmurty gulabi were used as a
donor of resistance. In hybridization, the powdery
mildew resistant varieties Tuyona, Oltin tepa, Oltin
vodii were used as the mother form and the varieties
Kok tinny 1087, Obi navvat, Kizil gulabi, Olmurty gulabi
were used as the father form.
In F2, resistant plants were selected by individual
selection. In each generation, breeding lines, yielding
with high taste qualities, resistant to powdery mildew
and fusarium were individually selected.
RESULTS OF RESEARCH
Breeding work of melon for resistance to diseases was
carried out in
2 directions:
- creation of melon analogue varieties resistant to
powdery mildew and fusarium, with signs of the
original form in taste and appearance of fruits.
- creation of new varieties of melon resistant to
powdery mildew and fusarium, with high yield and
taste qualities suitable for local consumption and for
export.
As a result of breeding work, 6 varieties of melon
analogues, resistant to powdery mildew, with signs of
initial form in taste and appearance of fruits were
created and included in the State Register of
Agricultural Crops of Uzbekistan (Table 1).
Lazzatli
–
an analogue of the variety Ak uruk 1037.
Variety medium maturing, growing season 80-87 days.
The plant is medium-fruited,
kidney-shaped leaf. The fruit is cylindrical in shape,
weight 4.0-5.0 kg,
the surface of the fruit is smooth, the hardness of the
bark average. The flesh is white, tender, dense,
aromatic. The content of soluble solids 14-15%. Yields
25-30 tons per hectare. Transportability of fruit
medium.
Oltin Tepa
–
analogue of sort Ich kyzyl large fruit.
Quality medium maturing, growing season 85-90 days.
The fruit is large, the mass of the fruit
3,4-4,0 kg, the surface of the fruit is smooth, the color
background gray-green, medium hardness of the bark.
The flesh is red, juicy, sweet. The content of soluble
solids 14-16%. The yield is 25-30 tons per hectare. The
transportability of the fruit is good.
Suyunchi-2
–
is an analogue of the variety Shakar palak
2580. Variety medium maturity, growing season 83-87
days. The plant is rambling, kidney-shaped leaf. The
fruit is elongated-ovoid shape, weight 2.5-3 kg, the
surface of the fruit is smooth, the background coloring
is light lemon, the grid is fine,
the hardness of the bark is medium. The flesh is red,
dense, sweet. The content of soluble solids 14-15%. The
yield is 20-22 tons per hectare. Transportability of fruits
is good..
Dilkhush
–
is an analogue of variety Kokcha 588. Quality
medium maturing, growing season 85-90 days. Plant
plethora, kidney-shaped leaf. The fruit ovoid shape,
weight of 3.0-4.0 kg, the surface of the fruit is slightly
ribbed, the background coloration is green, the grid is
complete, the hardness of the bark average. The flesh
is white, tender, dense, sweet. The content of soluble
solids 14-15%. Yields 30-32 tons per hectare.
Transportability of fruits is average.
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
4
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
01-07
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Table 1
Results of breeding to create varieties of melon analogues that are resistant to powdery mildew
Varieties
Vegetation
period,
days
Harvest
yield,
t/ha
Averag
e fruit
weight,
kg
Content of
soluble
solids,
%
Resistan
ce to
powdery
mildew,
%
Transport
ability
Ak uruk 1037
88-92
25-28
5-6
12-14
0
medium
Lazzatli
80-87
25-30
4-5
14-15
100
medium
Ich kyzyl large fetal
85-90
22-25
3-3,5
12-13
0
medium
Oltin tepa
85-90
25-30
3,4-4
14-16
100
good
Shakar palak 2580
85-90
20-22
2,5-3
12-13
0
medium
Suyunchi 2
83-87
20-22
2,5-3
14-15
100
good
Shakar palaq 554
85-90
22-25
2,5-4
13-14
0
medium
Oltin vodiy
85-90
22-25
2,5-4
14-15
100
medium
Kokcha 588
90-95
25-30
3-4
12-13
0
medium
Dilkhush
85-90
30-32
3-4
14-15
100
medium
Koy bash 476
105-115
30-35
4-5
11-12
0
good
Tuyona
105-115
35-40
5-6
12-13
100
good
Oltin vodiy
–
is an analogue of the variety Shakar palak
554. Variety medium maturity, growing season 85-90
days The fruit is elongated-ovoid shape, fruit weight
2.0-4.0 kg, the surface of the fruit is smooth, the
background color is light green, the bark is hard. The
flesh is white, sweet. The content of soluble solids 14-
15%. The yield is 22-25 tons per hectare. Transportability
of fruits medium.
Tuyuna
–
is an analogue of the variety Koy bash 476.
Variety late maturing, the growing season 105-115 days.
Fruit ovoid shape, fruit weight 4-6 kg, the surface of the
fruit is smooth, the color of the background gray-
brown. The flesh is white, dense at harvest, soft and
sweet after storing, the content of soluble solids 12-13%.
Yield 35-40 t / ha. Transportability and storability of the
fruit is good.
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
5
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
01-07
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
On the basis of created resistant to powdery mildew
melon varieties, selection work was carried out and 7
varieties of melon resistant to powdery mildew were
created and included in the State Register of
Agricultural Crops of Uzbekistan (Table 2).
Kichkintoy
–
is a medium-early maturing variety with a
growing season of 75-80 days. The plant is powerful,
branched. Leaf dense, dark green, dissected. The fruit
is globular in shape, weighing 0.8-1.2 kg, the surface of
the fruit is smooth, the background coloration is
yellow, the mesh is partial, coarse-meshed, the
hardness of the bark is medium. The flesh is white,
tender, dense, aromatic, has a taste of honey. The
content of soluble solids 12-13%. Yield 20-22 tons per
hectare. Transportability of the fruit is good.
Table 2
Results of breeding to create melon varieties based on local powdery mildew-resistant donors
Varieties
Vegetation
period,
days
Harvest
yield,
t/ha
Average
fruit weight,
kg
Content of
soluble
solids,
%
Resistan
ce to
powdery
mildew,
%
Transport
ability
Kichkintoy
75-80
20-22
0,8-1,2
12-13
100
good
Kuk magiz
80-85
20-26
2-2,5
14-15
100
good
Zar Gulobi
100-105
28-32
4-5
15-16
100
good
Gurlan
115-120
40- 45
4-5
12-13
100
good
Amudaryo
125-130
45- 50
4-6
14-15
100
good
Gulabi Khorazmiy
125-130
50-55
5-10
14-15
100
good
Sahovat
120-125
35-40
4-5
15-16
100
good
Kuk magiz
–
is a medium-ripening variety with a
growing season of
80-85 days. The plant is powerful, branched, the leaf is
dense, dark green, dissected. Fruit has elongated-oval
shape, weight 2-2,5 kg, surface of the fruit is smooth,
background coloring is green, netting is full, coarse-
meshed, bark hardness is medium. The flesh is white,
tender, juicy, sweet, crunchy, the content of soluble
solids 14-15%, yield 20-22 t / ha.
Gurlan
–
is a late-ripening variety with a growing season
of 115-120 days. Fruit ovoid shape, fruit weight 4-5 kg,
the surface of the fruit is smooth, the color of the
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
6
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
01-07
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
background yellow. The flesh is white, tender, juicy,
sweet, crisp, the content of soluble solids 12-13%. Yield
of 45-50 tons per hectare. Transportability and
storability of the fruit is good.
Amudaryo
–
sort late maturing, growing season 125-130
days. The plant is rambler. The fruit cylindrical shape,
fruit weight 4-6 kg, surface lumpy, color background
brown. The flesh is white, dense, sweet. soluble solids
14-15%. Yield 45-50 tons per hectare. Transportability
and storability of fruits is good.
Gulabi Horazmiy
–
is a late maturing variety with a
growing season of 125-130 days. The plant is
rambunctious. The fruit is elongated-cylindrical shape,
fruit weight 5-10 kg, surface lumpy, background color
dark green. soluble solids content of 14-15%. Yield 50-55
t/ha. Transportability and storability of the fruit is good.
Zar Gulabi
–
sort of medium-late maturing, growing
season 100-105 days. Plant plethora, kidney-shaped
leaves. Fruit ovoid shape, fruit weight 4-5 kg, the fruit
surface is smooth, background coloring is bright
yellow, the hardness of the bark dense. The flesh is
white, juicy, sweet, the content of soluble solids 15-16%.
The yield is 28-32 t / ha.
Sahovat
–
is late maturing, vegetation period 120-125
days. The plant is rambling. The fruit ovoid shape,
weight 4-5 kg, the surface is smooth, color background
dark brown. The flesh is green-white, juicy, sweet, the
content of soluble solids 15-16%. The yield is 35-40 tons
per hectare. Transportability and storability of fruits is
good.
CONCLUSIONS
In Uzbekistan, as a result of breeding work on creation
of melon varieties for resistance to powdery mildew,
two methods have been used:
Creation of melon counterpart varieties resistant to
powdery mildew and fusarium, with traits of the
original form in taste and appearance of fruits;
- Creation of new varieties of melon resistant to
powdery mildew and fusarium, with high yield and
taste qualities suitable for local consumption and for
export.
As a result, 6 varieties of melon analogues resistant to
powdery mildew, with signs of original form in taste
and appearance of fruits and original 7 varieties of
melon resistant to powdery mildew were created and
included in the State Register of Agricultural Crops of
Uzbekistan.
REFERENCES
1.
Autko A.A. In the world of ecological and organic
vegetable production. / Grodno, 2018.
2.
Veysel Aras, Bjuriev H.C., Mavlyanova R.F. Creation
of hybrids of vegetable crops and their seed
production. / Tashkent, 2020.
3.
Mavlyanova
R.F.
et
al.
Melons
of
Uzbekistan./Rome. IPGRI, 2005.
4.
Pestsova S.T. Methodology of creation of
infectious powdery mildew background for
breeding evaluation in conditions of Central Asia.
Proc. of Research Institute of Vegetable and Melon
crops and Potato. 1978 в. 16. с 33
-36.
5.
Taishibaeva E.U., Mamyrbekov J., Jumabek H.,
Karipov MM. Results of breeding research on
melons. /Scientific Proceedings of the Kazakh
Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable
Growing, Almaty, 2015.
6.
Khakimov R.A., Khalimova M.U., Rasulov F.F.
Creation of high-yield varieties of melons, resistant
to powdery mildew / Collection of scientific and
practical conference, Tashkent, 2021.
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
7
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
01-07
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
7.
Khakimov R.A. Methodology of breeding resistant
to powdery mildew varieties of melon. / Vegetable
production: status, problems, prospects. /VNIIO,
Moscow, 2003, vol.2, p.298-299.
