Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
13
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
13-19
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article presents the data obtained on the study of the characteristics of the effect of soil salinity on the
transpiration rate of winter wheat varieties. The rate of transpiration was determined at the tuber, flowering and milk-
ripening stages of the cultivars. Based on the given results, it was noted that the value of the above indicator varies
to different degrees in the section of varieties, depending on the soil salinity and the biological and various
characteristics of the varieties.
KEYWORDS
Winter wheat varieties, salinity, transpiration, water exchange, salt tolerance.
INTRODUCTION
Globally observed stress factors -have a serious
negative impact on living organisms, including the
world of plants. As a result, the productivity indicators
of plants and the harvest and its quality are decreasing.
Deepening of scientific and research work aimed at
reducing the negative effects of such stress factors and
development of measures to save the lost crop,
assessment and justification of the physiological
aspects of the effects of adverse stress factors are
considered as the most important tasks [1-3].
Studying the mechanisms of resistance of plants to salt
stress and revealing it is one of the urgent theoretical
Research Article
TRANSPIRATION RATES OF WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS UNDER SALINE
CONDITIONS
Submission Date:
February 18, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 23, 2023,
Published Date:
February 28, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue02-03
Norbоyeva Umida Toshtemirovna
Doctor Of Biological Sciences, Professor, Bukhara State University, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Kholiyorova Nasiba Botirovna
Master's Student, Denov Institute Of Entrepreneurship And Pedagogy, Denov, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
14
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
13-19
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
and scientific problems in the world, by deepening
scientific research in this field, creating methods of
using exogenous and endogenous substances to
increase the resistance of wheat to stress factors, wide
use of the existing gene pool of crops in genetic-
selection research and great attention is paid to wide
application to agricultural production. The need for
such research is explained by the fact that it requires
the activation of various physiological and biochemical
mechanisms to overcome the stress that occurs in
plants under the influence of salinity [4-8].
Grain crops are one of the important technical crops
that provide raw materials for various branches of
production. Optimum factors aimed at maintaining the
crop are required when growing products at the level
of demand. Improving the agro-melioration condition
of the irrigated lands of our republic, improving the Eco
physiological and agro technical measures used in the
prevention of soil salinization, identifying, creating and
putting into practice the varieties of agricultural crops
adapted to stress factors, the physiological and
biochemical characteristics of wheat varieties that
express the level of resistance and productivity in
stressful conditions, and the adaptation of varieties
Certain results were achieved in the evaluation and
scientific justification of reactions [9-14].
Abiotic stressors have a strong negative effect on
agricultural plants, reducing plant growth and
productivity. Water scarcity, soil salinity, and high
temperatures are among the main causes of declining
crop yields and food supplies around the world.
Therefore, the study of the effects of abiotic stressors
on plants and the mechanisms of stress resistance is
one of the main areas of plant physiology. Mechanisms
of resistance to abiotic stress also include practical
aspects such as reducing the harmful effects of stress
in different ways or using native varieties adapted to
combined stress as a source of genetic material [15].
Climate change inevitably leads to the deterioration of
the ecological situation, which causes the salinization
of fertile soils, resulting in a sharp decrease in the
productivity of agricultural crops. Saline soils are
common in many countries of the world. They cover
about a quarter of the earth's surface, including half of
all irrigated land, and the saline areas are expanding. In
the arid climate, almost all irrigation water evaporates,
and soil salinity is gradually increasing [16].
Abiotic stressors are a major impediment to
agriculture, dramatically reducing plant growth and
productivity worldwide. Future declines in agricultural
crop yields will be exacerbated by global warming,
increased pollution, and declining fertile land. The main
challenge facing agriculture today and in the future is
to increase food production for an ever-growing
population in many regions of the world in a
deteriorating environment. Minimizing exposure to
various abiotic stressors is a common challenge [17].
The study of mechanisms of resistance to abiotic stress
is one of the most active areas of research in plant
physiology, taking into account its practical
importance in agriculture. Various abiotic stresses
caused by the environment are usually interrelated and
often have an osmotic component that affects the
homeostasis of plant cells. To cope with abiotic stress,
plants activate a series of stress responses that are
characteristic of sensitive and tolerant plants, because
they use the same basic modifications [18].
Salinity is a major abiotic factor affecting crop
productivity worldwide. Global warming is associated
with more frequent, longer, and severe droughts in
many regions of the world, as well as increased salinity
in irrigated lands. About 20% of the world's irrigated
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
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Pages:
13-19
SJIF
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(2021:
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5.
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
land, which produces one-third of the world's food, is
subject to secondary soil salinization. In addition, salt
stress also induces ion stress and Na+ toxicity [19].
Selection for salt tolerance should be based on the
growth of plants over a period of time since individual
cultivars within the same self-pollinated species have
almost genotypically the same homozygote. Short-
term studies may show reduced growth rates;
however, these reductions may be the same for
tolerant and susceptible species within a cultivar. Only
after a long time can tolerance or sensitivity be
accurately measured in an individual plant, or the
mechanisms that help specific plants to withstand NaCl
conditions at different stages of growth can be
identified [20].
Salinity is a global problem for agricultural production.
Understanding Na+ sensitivity and transport in plants
under salt stress will be useful for breeding salt-
tolerant crop species. First of all, salt stress sensor
representatives and the root meristem zone are
proposed as tissues that store salt stress-sensing
components. The importance of Na+ excretion and
vacuolar Na+ sequestration in the general salt
tolerance of plants is then highlighted. Finally, some
aspects of plant salt stress tolerance, including the
concentration of Na+ in the cytosol and the role of Na+
as a nutrient, have been discussed [21].
Soil salinization has become one of the major
environmental problems globally and is expected to
worsen due to projected climate change. Arid and
semi-arid agricultural areas are particularly sensitive to
the effects of climate change on increased soil salinity
[22].
Saline soils are common in many countries of the
world. They occupy a quarter of the land surface,
including half of the irrigated land, and the area of
saline areas is gradually expanding. In arid climates,
almost all irrigation water evaporates and soil salinity
gradually increases. At present, more than 50-60 per
cent of the irrigated lands are salinized and prone to
salinization. The salts of saline soils of Uzbekistan are
very different in terms of quality. Chloride, sulfate-
chloride, chloride-sulfate, sulfate, and carbonate
salinity types are found. Among them, chloride salinity
is the most toxic [23-25].
METHODOLOGY
Winter wheat during experiments as an object of
research Grom, Pervitsa, Starshina, Alekseevich,
Krasnodarskaya-99, Vassa, Asr and Antonina varieties
were used. In recent years, these varieties have been
planted in large areas across the country.
Experiments were conducted in areas belonging to
meadow-alluvial soil type with moderate to strong
chlorine (0.015-0.020 per cent by chlorine ion).
Observations and biometric measurements are carried
out on model plants at odd returns. Phenological
observations are carried out according to the
methodology of the Agricultural Crops Variety Testing
Inspection. In all experiments, options were triplicated
and placed consistently across tiers.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Transpiration is one of the important physiological
processes and is important in the study of water
exchange of plants growing in saline areas. Most of the
water absorbed by plants evaporates due to
transpiration. Slowing down the rate of transpiration in
saline conditions causes a violation of the water
balance in the plant div and an increase in water
deficit. As a result, the physiological and biochemical
processes in the div of plants slow down and their
overall productivity decreases [26-27].
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
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2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
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Pages:
13-19
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
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5.
705
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(2023:
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OCLC
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
It is known that the activity of supplying water to
plants is inextricably linked with the rate of
transpiration. 1.5-2% of the water received by plants is
absorbed by them, and the rest is evaporated through
the leaves during transpiration. The value of the rate of
transpiration in plants is related to many external
factors. These include air temperature, relative
humidity, soil and climate conditions, wind, solar
radiation, soil moisture, plant development stages and
cultivar characteristics, etc. [28-29].
Transpiration is not only the evaporation of water
through the leaf but also water adsorption and the
movement of water and dissolved substances through
the plant. Zoned during research Grom, Pervitsa,
Starshina, Alekseevich, Krasnodarskaya-99, Vassa, Asr
and AntoninaThe transpiration rate of winter wheat
varieties was studied.
It was noted that the transpiration rate of wheat
varieties grown under medium-high soil salinity
conditions was lower than the varieties grown under
the control option. A decrease in the rate of
transpiration in conditions of soil salinity may also be
related to the condition of the stomata.
According to the obtained data, it was noted that the
transpiration was accelerated in Grom, Starshina, and
Krasnodarskaya-99 varieties of wheat. It was found
that metabolism is related to activity and wheat variety
characteristics. An increase in the value of this indicator
was observed in the salted variants from the tuber to
the milk ripening stage of all varieties.
According to the data, it was found that there is an
organic relationship between transpiration and soil
salinity. This connection, in turn, ensures the entry of
water into the root system. Soil salinity led to a
decrease in the rate of transpiration. Also, the increase
in air temperature accelerates this process. The
transpiration rate of wheat cultivars varied during their
ontogeny. Also, it was determined based on
experiments that the transpiration rate depends on
the amount of metabolic and bound water in the plant,
as well as on the colloidal properties of the cell
protoplasm.
Transpiration is one of the important physiological
processes and is of great importance in the water
exchange of plants. Transpiration is one of the main
processes in managing the water balance of plants.
In the course of our research, the rate of transpiration
of wheat varieties during tuberization, flowering and
milk ripening was studied. Experiments were carried
out in two variants. The first option (non-saline soil)
was called the control, and the second option was the
experimental option, moderately to strongly saline
soils.
The rate of transpiration was determined at all stages
of wheat varieties. If we pay attention to the obtained
data, it was found that the rate of transpiration of all
studied wheat varieties changes depending on the
concentration of salts in the soil. It was found that the
rate of transpiration increases from the tuber stage to
the milk ripening stage in all varieties in both variants.
The rate of transpiration slowed down with increasing
soil salinity in all varieties. In the control variants,
compared to the experimental variants, the activation
of water consumption by plant leaves was found.
Starshinain the control variant of the variety110 in the
tuber stage, 64 in the moderately strong salted
version, in the flowering stage it was found that 116 mg
of water evaporated in the control variant, 67 in the
experimental variant, i.e. 67 in the medium-strong
saline variant, and 70 mg in the control and 70 mg in
the experimental variant during the milk ripening
phase.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
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Pages:
13-19
SJIF
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In the control warrant of the Pervitsa variety, 71 are in
the tuber stage, in the experimental version 44 are in
the flowering stage it was noted that 74 mg of water
was used in the control version, 49 in the experimental
version, 76 mg in the control version, and 54 mg in the
experimental version during the milk ripening phase.
The transpiration rate of the Antonina variety in the
tuber phase in non-saline conditions is 92.2 in the tuber
phase, and 58.3 in the saline condition, and in the
flowering phase was determined that 94 mg of water
evaporated in the control variant, 62 in the
experimental variant, 97 mg in the control, and 65 mg
in the experimental variant during the milk ripening
phase. Grom varietyThe rate of transpiration in non-
saline conditions in the tuber phase is 107 in the tuber
phase, 60 in the saline state, in the flowering phase113
mg in the control variant, 66 in the experimental
variant, 116 mg in the control and 69 mg in the
experimental variant evaporated during the milk
ripening phase.
century, Similar relationships were observed in
Alekseevich, Krasnodar-99 and Vassa varieties. But the
results of water evaporation by plants are
highStarshina, GromandKrasnodar-99varieties were
determined.
Compared to the tuber and flowering stage, it was
observed that the evaporation of water by plants was
accelerated in all studied varieties during the milk
ripening stage. This can be explained by the relative
increase in air temperature and the increase in the
plant's need for water.
CONCLUSION
It was also found that there are differences between
varieties in terms of transpiration rate. The
transpiration rate of the Starshina, Grom and
Krasnodar-99 varieties was observed that it was
significantly higher than in the Antonina, Alekseevich
and Vassa varieties. The lowest results for this indicator
were found in Pervitsa and Asr varieties.
Most importantly, soil salinity had a strong negative
effect on the water exchange of varieties, leading to a
decrease in the rate of transpiration. Even under such
circumstancesStarshina,
Grom
and
Krasnodar-
99varieties evaporated more water than other
varieties and activated their metabolic processes
compared to other varieties.
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