Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
5
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
05-12
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article gives information about the results of the experiments, provided to identify efficiency of the insecticide
“HELITEC” to control larvae’s of cherry slug (Cаlirоа сеrаsi L.) in laboratory and field conditions. During the
experiments, it has recorded 98-100 % efficacy within 3 days at the laboratory, but at the field condition index changed
to 80,1-85,0 percent at the seventh day in consumption rate 0,4-0,5 l/ha for each experiment.
KEYWORDS
Cherry slug (Саlirоа сеrasi L.), larvae, ordo, imago, consumption rate, microbial insecticide, Heliteс, baculovirus,
biological efficiency.
INTRODUCTION
In terms of cherry fruit production and export to the
global market, Uzbekistan currently holds a unique
position in horticulture. Uzbekistan is one of the top 10
cherry-growing countries in the world, among the 65
largest. In our country, there are 20,900 hectares of
cherry orchards, with an average production of 13,2
Research Article
STUDYING OF EFFICIENCY OF THE MICROBIAL INSECTICIDE “HELITEC”
AGAINST CHERRY SLUG (CАLIRОА СЕRАSI L.) IN LABORATORY AND
FIELD CONDITIONS
Submission Date:
February 03, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 08, 2023,
Published Date:
February 13, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume03Issue02-02
N.Kh.Tufliyev
DSc, Scientific research institute of plant quarantine and protection, Uzbekistan
Z.B.Kholmirzayeva
Doctorant, Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
6
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
05-12
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
tonnes per hectare. All types of farms in the republic
are expected to generate 183,000 tonnes of cherry
goods this year, of which farmers and agricultural
companies will produce 82,200 tonnes. [Information
provided by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic
of Uzbekistan's information service].
One of the biggest challenges facing today's exporters
is increasing the marketability and productivity of
cherry fruit and developing it in accordance with global
needs. In this situation, the creation of ecological
natural goods must receive special attention, and
widespread usage of microbiological insecticides to
pest and disease control must be implemented.
It is known that more than 10 insect pests would attack
cherry orchards during the season. Cherry slug (Caliroa
cerasi L.) is one of the significant harmful species
among them. Due to its damage, the productivity falls,
the fruit's quality declines, and the trees eventually
perish (Fig. 1).
Cherry slug (Caliroa cerasi L.) belongs to the family
Tenthredinidae
of
the
ordo
Hymenoptera
[1,2,5,8,9,11,12]. The pest widespread in Europe, Asia,
China, Japan, South and North America, South and
North Africa, New Zealand.
Adult pest glossy black, 4-6 mm long, the fake pupa in
a cocoon overwinters in the soil. It turns into a dome in
the spring. Adults fly in late spring depending on local
temperatures.
They
often
reproduce
by
partonogenesis. Females lay 50-75 eggs, one by one,
under the leaves. Eggs develop in 8-14 days. The larva
feeds on leaves for 17-28 days and turns into a pupa in
the soil [2,5,9,12]. During the monitoring, in 2019-2021,
it was recorded 3 generations a year in the conditions
of the Fergana Valley.
The pest attacks a variety of plants, including cherry,
plum, rowan, quince, pear, and hawthorn. The larva
eats by nibbling on epidermis of the leaf's top side (Fig.
2). It does not touch the bark on the underside, that is,
it pierces one side of the leaf. Cherry slug is a moisture-
loving pest. If the air humidity drops below 30-40%, the
mass death of its young larvae can observed [2,5,9,12].
According to Beеrs, [7] Cherry slug gives two
generations a year, and larvae of the second
generation damage young trees even more lethal than
the first generation. The optimal temperature for this
pest is between 5 and 300 by celsius [8].
The experiment was provided at the horticulture
farmland named “Hoji Abdulxai” of the Paxtaobod
district and at residential gardens of the Izbosgan
district of the Andijan region in 2019-2021.
During our observations, it was found that the Cherry
slug - Saliroa cerasi L., belonging to the family of
Hymenoptera, causes serious damage in cherry
orchards. The first hatched larvae of the pest appeared
in our experimental field on May 1-3. their mass
damage coincided with the period of late ripening of
cherry fruits. This caused inconvenience to cherry
farms due to the delay in chemical treatment of
orchards. As a result, 20-30% of the branches of the
older trees died, and 60-80% of the young seedlings
were damaged (fig.1.).
Such problems in cherry orchards have attracted the
attention of world scientists. In particular, a number of
scientists from Turkey, Australia, New Zealand, and
Washington carried out a number of works on testing
microbiological preparations. In Australia biological
control of cherry slug, using natural enemies such as
Beauveria bassiana and Blastocrithidia caliroa led to
dramatic reductions in their numbers. [3,4].
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
7
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
05-12
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
1-
расм. Cherry slug (Caliroa cerasi L.) damage in horticultu
ral farm "Khoji Abdulkhai", Pakhtaabad district, Andijan
region. Foto by Z.B. Kholmirzaeva 05/19/2020.
In addition, Lathrolestes luteolator caused 90% larval
mortality in the first generation of Cherry slug, but
failed to control larvae in the second generation. [11].
In our scientific research, we studied the biological
effectiveness of the Helitec (c.s.) microbiological
biopreparation produced by Kenya Biologics Ltd. In the
laboratory and field conditions.
Helites (c.s.) is a preparation containing 5x1012
polyhedrosis (NPV) in one liter of solution, a virus
belonging to the polyhedrosis subclass of the
baculovirus family.
Representatives of the subgroup of polyhedrosis are
especially numerous. According to the list compiled by
V.V. Guliy et al., (1982), in the territories of the former
Soviet Union, viruses of this subgroup were recorded
in more than 109 species of insects belonging to three
orders and 24 families, including 99 species of
Lepidoptera (19 families), 7 species of Hymenoptera (4
families), 3 types of dipterans (2 families) have been
studied [13,14].
Polyhedrosis viruses develop in the hypodermis in fat
cells, hemolymph, and in arracks in the epithelia of the
middle intestine. Insects are mainly infected in the
larval stages.
Symptoms of the disease in larvae are as follows. At
first, the abdominal joints of false worms turn a milky
color, a milky white liquid flows from the mouth, and a
dark brown drop comes out of the anus. Later, the
false worms attach to the leaf plate by secreting a
sticky substance and die from the virus in 24-48 hours.
[13].
Symptoms of NPV infection include: discoloration
(brown and yellow), stress, decomposition (dilution),
slow movement, generally expressed by the refusal of
the insect to eat [13,14,15].
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
8
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
05-12
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
471
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted the research in laboratory conditions
together with the scientists of the Research Institute
of Plant Protection. "Methodological guidelines for
testing biological preparations for protecting plants
from pests, diseases and weeds" (1973) were used for
laboratory experiments. In determining the biological
effectiveness of microbiological preparations, Sh.T.
Khojaev's "Basic conditions for testing insecticides
against pests and diseases of agricultural crops in small
and large field experiments / Collection of
methodological instructions for testing insecticides,
acaricides,
biologically
active
substances
and
fungicides",
II
edition
(2004)
methodological
instructions were used.
The experiment was conducted in 4 repetitions of 3
options. To conduct the experiment, a 35x15x15 plastic
container was taken, and 5 cm of experimental garden
soil was placed at the bottom of the container(fig. 2.).
Figure 2. 35x15x15 size plastic containers adapted for feeding the cherry slug in laboratory conditions (by Z.B.
Kholmirzaeva 3.06.2020.).
Band of leaves treated with 0.4 and 0.5 l/ha of Helitec
biopreparation on freshly cut cherry leaves was
wrapped with wet cotton and laid on the soil. The
control variant was treated with water. Then, 10 larvae
of the same age of cherry slug collected from cherry
orchards were placed on the leaves. Wet cotton was
taped to the walls of the container to maintain the
humidity in the container, and it was renewed every 12
hours. The air temperature was maintained at a
standard of 250C, and the relative humidity of the air
was kept at 60-65%.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
After the experiment, count observations were made
every 24 hours.
It was observed that the insects in our experiment
completely stopped feeding and moving after 24
hours, and 20% of them died.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
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705
)
(2023:
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OCLC
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1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
After 72 hours, the color of the larvae of the cherry slug
turned yellowish brown and the biological efficiency
was 80.0%, and in 5 days, 100% of the larvae died and
their color turned dark, that is, the signs of death due
to viruses were clearly visible. (fig.3.).
Figure 3. Biological efficiency of Helitec
In the control variant, when treated with normal water,
it was noted that the larvae of the cherry slug were
feeding on cherry leaves and they were actively
moving (fig 4.).
Figure 4. Experiment: larvae of
cherry slug infested with Helitec
0.5 l/ha (by Z.B. Kholmirzaeva
05.05.2020).
Experiment: larvae of cherry slug
infested with Helitec 0.4 l/ha (by
Z.B. Kholmirzaeva 05.05.2020).
Experiment: larvae of cherry slug
infested with water (by Z.B.
Kholmirzaeva 05.05.2020).
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
10
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
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2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
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05-12
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
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)
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Observing that the above-mentioned signs correspond
exactly to the cases of death caused by the virus, it was
concluded that the larvae died due to virus damage. In
the control option, i.e., when treated with normal
water, the larvae of the cherry slug fed on cherry leaves
and they were actively moving (Fig. 4).
Due to the fact that the microbiological preparation
Helitec has achieved high efficiency against cherry slug
in laboratory conditions, on May 1, 2021 and 2022, it was
tested on the “Volovaya serdtsa” variety of cherry in
small field experiments in horticultural farms and
household farms in Andijan, Fergana, Namangan
regions. Experiments conducted in 3 option, consisted
of 4 returns and was processed using a “Samara 999”
-
motorized hand sprayer.
Figure 5а. Larva of the cherry slug, which died under the influence of a microbiological preparation
Figure b.
larvae of the cherry slug, which died under the influence of a chemical preparation
In the field experiment, when observations were made
24 hours after the application of the microbiological
preparation, as in our experiment in the laboratory, the
larvae of the cherry slug almost did not differ from
healthy ones and stopped feeding, and the biological
efficiency of the preparation was on average 13.6-15.9%
in field conditions in Andijan region, 11.1 in Namangan
region. It was observed that it was -13.5%, and in
Fergana region it was 13.3-16.3%.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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VOLUME
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05-12
SJIF
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)
(2023:
7.
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)
OCLC
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1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Figure 6. Biological effectiveness of Helitec microbiological preparation in field conditions, Andijan region
On the 3rd day after the use of the drug, when
observations were made, symptoms of yellowing and
swelling were observed in the larvae of the cherry slug,
and the larvae turned upside down on the leaf plate,
and the biological efficiency of the drug was 59.2-61.8%
in field conditions in Andijan region, 54.9- 61.9%, and in
Fergana region was 69.7-80.4% (fig 6.).
On the 7th day of the experiment, the larvae of the
cherry slug turned dark, and the biological efficiency of
the drug was 81.7-84.5% in Andijan region, 80.1-83.7% in
Namangan region, and 81.4-85% in Fergana region. It
was observed that it was 0% (Fig. 6). The conclusion is
that we used the microbiological preparation in the
first decade of May, during which the average air
temperature was 20-250C and the relative humidity
was 50-60%. Since this period is a favorable period for
the use of microbiological preparations, the biological
efficiency in field conditions is on average 80.1 It was
85.0%. According to the results of the experiment, it is
recommended to use this biopreparation against
cherry slug in order to obtain an ecologically safe
product in the future.
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(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
05-12
SJIF
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471
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OCLC
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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