Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
7
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
07-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
At present, research and development activities aimed at developing new scientific and technical solutions for the
effective use of land resources, the organization of optimal use of agricultural land in areas affected by erosion and at
risk of erosion in land development projects are being carried out. In this direction, among other things, reducing the
harmful effects of the environment in areas with the risk of water and wind erosion, improving the methods of
effective use of each plot of land, taking into account the natural and economic conditions and the requirements for
the protection of land from erosion, geosystem complexes that allow to prevent erosion in land formation.
development, efficient use of land, protection of soils from erosion, creation of technologies that allow to increase
the productivity of land is considered urgent. In this regard, special attention is paid to studies aimed at improving the
efficiency of work in determining the composition of land types attached to land users and methods aimed at their
optimization. Based on this, the main task of today's region is the wide use of modern economical technologies and
the possibilities of their application to production, analysis of problem solving, and elimination of excess costs.
KEYWORDS
Effective use of land resources, environment, wind speed, salinity level, technology.
INTRODUCTION
Organization of effective land use in globally eroded
areas requires implementation of new methods of land
development projects. In this regard, in developed
foreign countries, special attention is paid to the
Research Article
IMPORTANCE OF EROSION IN INFLUENCING SOIL FERTILITY IN CROP
IRRIGATION
Submission Date:
November 05, 2022,
Accepted Date:
November 15, 2022,
Published Date:
November 25, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume02Issue11-02
Khujakeldiev Komil Nosirovich
(PhD) Associate Professor Doctor Of Philosophy Of Technical Sciences, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
8
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
07-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
implementation of land preparation works, taking into
account the methods of effective use of land resources
and protection of eroded lands. In this regard, effective
use of land resources, introduction of advanced
modern methods of designing irrigation plots in
eroded lands is considered important. Effective use of
existing land resources, development of new scientific
and technical solutions for organizing optimal use of
agricultural land in areas subject to erosion and at risk
of erosion in land development projects are being
carried out. In this direction, among other things,
reducing the harmful effects of the environment in
areas with the risk of water and wind erosion,
improving the methods of effective use of each plot of
land, taking into account the natural and economic
conditions and the requirements for the protection of
land from erosion, geosystem complexes that allow to
prevent erosion in land formation. development,
efficient use of land, protection of soils from erosion,
creation of technologies that allow to increase the
productivity of land is considered urgent. In this
regard, special attention is paid to studies aimed at
improving the efficiency of work in determining the
composition of land types attached to land users and
methods aimed at their optimization.
In our republic, comprehensive measures are being
taken to improve land preparation works in the areas
affected by erosion, and certain results are being
achieved. In the Strategy of Actions for the further
development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-
2021,
including
"...modernization
and
rapid
development of agriculture, consistent development
of agricultural production, further strengthening of
food
safety,
expansion
of
production
of
environmentally friendly products, agricultural sector
important tasks for significantly increasing the export
potential... In the implementation of these tasks, it is
important to carry out scientific research on improving
the methods of preventing the development of
erosion processes in agricultural lands by introducing
intensive methods, first of all, modern agro-
technologies that save water resources into the field of
agricultural production. The main task of the land
development project is to organize the territory of
agricultural enterprises against erosion. As a result of
it, an organizational-territorial basis is created for the
implementation of soil protection. In the project,
taking into account the flow lines and the directions of
harmful winds, it is intended to place forest strips, soil
protection measures.
Table 1
The distance between the strips of surrounding trees according to the wind speed and the mechanical composition
of the soil, m (data from Q. Mirzajonov)
Wind speed
According to the mechanical composition
of the soil
Number of
rows
Sand and
sand
Light to
medium tone
Heavy clay,
mud
Weak (< 5м/с)
450-500
450-500
450-500
2
Average (5-15 м/с)
200
250-300
350-400
3
Strong (> 15 м/с)
100-150
200
250-300
4
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
9
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
07-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Ihota trees are selected depending on the degree of
salinity and waterlogging of the soil. White acacia,
juniper, alder, mulberry, and willow, poplar, oak, and
maple trees can be planted on saline lands, and on
lands prone to swamps, Ihota forests mature in 8-10
years and protect the soil and crops from the wind.
Agro-ameliorative measures are used to protect soil
and crops from wind damage before the trees mature,
and thereafter to increase soil fertility and make
efficient use of eroded land (Table 1).
Protecting hedge trees not only protect crops from
wind, but also have a positive effect on air temperature
and air humidity in the protected area. As a result of the
positive effect of protective hedge trees on air
temperature
and
air
humidity,
a
favorable
microclimate is created, which also has a positive effect
on crop productivity.
A land development project has been developed to
improve the methods of land development projects in
areas affected by erosion and at risk of erosion. The
issues of placement of land types and crop rotation
arrays, taking into account the level of erosion risk of
the area, and the use of water-saving technologies in
the design of irrigation plots are based.
Determining types of agricultural land and organizing
crop rotation is one of the main parts of the project of
land formation on the farm, which is inextricably linked
with the organization of production in the agricultural
enterprise. The main task of determining the
composition of land types and organizing crop rotation
in the farm is to adapt land areas for the production of
the maximum amount of high-quality products
required by the market with the minimum necessary
costs from each hectare of land used and create
favorable regional conditions for production.
The project of land formation in areas with erosion risk
in Kashkadarya region was created for U. Yusupov
massive farms in Nishon district based on the
methodologywe recommend (Table 2).
In 2021, 50 farms, including 40 cotton-grain farms, 2
grain-vegetable farms, 3 horticulture farms, and 5
livestock farms, operated in the massif area. One of the
main tasks of internal land formation in an agricultural
enterprise is the organization of land types and crop
rotation.
The main purpose of the organization of land types and
crop rotation is to increase the intensity of land use and
increase its efficiency, taking into account the
economic interests of land owners and land users. In
this case, it is necessary to strictly comply with
environmental requirements, because otherwise the
fertility of soils will decrease, erosion and degradation
processes will develop in them.
Silk production is one of the auxiliary and profitable
branches of agricultural enterprises in the direction of
cotton production. The importance of sericulture is not
limited to the production of cocoons. Mulberry trees
planted along roads and ditches protect the fields from
wind and dust and create a basis for increased crop
productivity. They bring additional income without
requiring the allocation of special land areas for
themselves.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
10
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
07-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Table 2
The land fund of the massif named after U. Yusupov
The size of cocoon cultivation is determined depending
on the market demand and the possibilities of the
massif. The calculations showed that the available 37.0
hectares of land in the area of the massif are sufficient
for growing the planned cocoon product.
For this reason, it was recommended to leave 25.81
hectares of garden and 7.8 hectares of vineyards in
contours 60, 80, 171, 178, 181a with low productivity and
deep underground water (2-3m) in the area of the
massif, but to replace the varieties with high-income
intensive varieties. Fruit trees and vegetable crops
could not be planted
In the 241st circuit, it is recommended to establish a
fishing pond. In addition, the construction of
workshops for the processing of products grown in the
area where horticulture-viticulture, vegetable, potato
and potato crops are grown is also planned. In order to
protect the land from soil erosion, the project also
planned to plant an additional 16.2 ha of trees on the
existing 15.1 ha area. Placement of land types begins
T/r
Land types
Area, ha
Total
Relative to the
total area, %
Q/agricultural
land, %
1
2
3
4
5
1.
Arable land:
Sh.j: irrigated
3055.62
74.75
91.21
2.
Arboretums, total:
gardens
vineyards
traps
70.61
25.81
7.8
37.0
1.72
0,63
0,19
0,90
2,10
0,77
0,23
1,10
3 Gray land
108.1
2.64
3.23
4 Meadows
116.06
2.84
3.48
Total agricultural land
3350.39
81.96
100
5
Total farm land:
Sh.j: field plot
174.1
2.9
4.26
6 Ihota groves
15.1
0.38
7 Ditches and ditches
369.3
9.03
8 Roads
70.9
1.73
9 Buildings and areas
100.8
2.47
10 Non-agricultural land
7.1
0.17
Total massif lands
4087.69
100.0
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
11
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
07-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
with the placement of trees. First of all, gardens,
vineyards and orchards are placed. The good
development of fruit trees and vines largely depends
on the correct allocation of land, the correct selection
and placement of varieties and species, the quality of
seedlings, their correct planting and subsequent care.
The area of arable land (Pkf) is calculated by subtracting the area of unused land types (Pfe) from the area of land that
will be used in the future.
P
кф
= P
ум
– P
фе
(1)
64 farms, including 34 cotton-grain farms, 4 grain-vegetable farms, 3 horticulture farms, 22 livestock farms,
and 1 poultry farm were placed in the land development project (Fig. 1).
Figure 1. Land development project of U.Yusupov massif in Nishon district, Kashkadarya region
Design of fields and irrigation plots After placing land types and crop rotation areas in the area of the massif, each
crop rotation massif area is created and irrigation (working) plots, fields, field roads, hedge trees are placed in it.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
12
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
07-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
where: A- the length of the irrigation section, m; V-width of irrigation plot, m; Distance between L-drainages, m.
Figure 2. The scheme of combining the collector-drainage network with the irrigation network in saline lands
Determining the rational size of the irrigation plots by area is influenced by: the mechanical composition of the soil
and salinity level, the location of the collector - drainage and irrigation network, as well as the costs of leveling the
surface of the irrigated land. When using open drains in saline lands, the scientifically based distance between the
drains is one of the most important elements that determine the area of the irrigation plot (Fig. 2).
In saline lands, drains should be located between two adjacent irrigation ditches, either permanently or temporarily.
This scheme of combining the drainage network with the irrigation network is widely used in the development of
land development projects.
The length of the irrigation section can be determined by the following formula.
А =
𝑁
б
с
𝑁
б
. 𝐿
,
(2)
where: L- the length of the furrow, m
Allowable water consumption and furrow length on different slopes for some soils have been established by
scientists through experiments.(Table 2)
The size of the land area of the irrigation plot is determined according to the following formula.
𝑃 =
𝐴 ∙ 𝐵
10000
.
(3)
The results of studies on determining the optimal size of irrigation plots in lands subject to irrigation erosion are
presented in Table 3.
Table 3.
Recommended elements of irrigation technology for Kashkadarya region
Soil mechanical
composition,
water permeability
Shows*
Slope of irrigation furrows
0,01
0,007
0,002
0,0005
Sand and light sand, very
permeable
R
0,50
0,75
1,50
1,00
L
100
150
200
150
T
4,7
4,7
3,1
3,3
Light weight, high
R
0,40
0,75
1,00
0,75
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
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2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
07-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
permeability
L
150
200
300
250
T
9,2
6,3
6,7
6,7
Medium sand, medium
permeability
R
0,25
0,50
0,75
0,50
L
175
250
300
300
T
15,0
11,7
8,35
10,0
Heavy soil, low water
permeability
R
0,20
0,25
0,30
0,50
L
200
300
400
350
T
23,4
26,7
28,4
15,0
Clay, weakly conductive
R
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
L
150
200
300
400
T
35,0
30,0
33,3
35,0
*Compiled based on the information of M.D. Chelyukanov, G.A. Bezborodov, Kh.T.Tashev. x).
R- water consumption in the furrow, water flow rate, l / s.; L- the length of the furrow, m;
T- the duration of irrigation in simultaneously irrigated furrows, s.
Table 4.
Recommended optimal areas of the irrigation plot
Soil mechanical
composition,
water permeability
Water consumption of
plot water dispensers,
l/s
Plot areas, ha
0,01
0,007
0,002
0,005
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sand and light sand are
highly conductive
200
18,0
18,0
18,0
18,0
250
21,0
22,5
24,0
22,5
300
24,0
27,0
30,0
27,0
Light strong sand, high
permeability
200
18,0
18,0
18,0
22,5
250
22,5
24,0
27,0
30,0
300
27,0
30,0
27,0
30,0
Medium sand, medium
permeability
200
21,0
15,0
18,0
27,0
250
26,2
22,5
27,0
27,0
300
31,5
30,0
27,0
36,0
Heavy soil, low water
permeability
200
18,0
18,0
12,0
21,0
250
24,0
27,0
24,0
21,0
300
30,0
27,0
24,0
31,5
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
14
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
07-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Experts say that the decrease in the productivity of agricultural crops, and in some cases the failure is related to the
problem of water shortage. In order to mitigate this situation and prevent irrigation erosion, it is necessary to
introduce economical technologies in the irrigation system, to prevent unnecessary wastage of water.
Figure 3. Design of drip irrigation plots
Table 5
Comparison table for assessing the location of fields and irrigation plots (in the example of the farm named after
Z.Farmonov)
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
15
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
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2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
07-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
№
Indicators
per year
of land
formation
according
to the
project
1
2
3
4
1
Land use factor (LFC)
95.37
98.32
2
Crop rotation area, ha
90.9
93.75
3
Area under roads, ha
0.9
0.3
4
Net area of arable land, ha
90.0
93.45
5
Number of irrigation plots
4
4
6
The average area of the irrigation plot, ha
22.73
23.44
7
The distance between the longest sections, m
1050
1050
8
Average processing distance, m.
740
860
9
Slope in working direction, %
13.3
9.1
10
The total area of circulation lanes, ha
15.2
8.21
Drip irrigation is aimed at saving water resources and
stopping irrigation erosion. In this case, the specificity
of the irrigation regime allows it to be used even on
land with a relatively high slope. Most importantly,
because the water is delivered to the plant through
hoses, the field soil does not harden, as a result, there
is no need for inter-row cultivation. At the end of the
season, the field that has not hardened the soil is
plowed with good quality and easily. Since the fertilizer
is given together with water, there is no need to use
equipment for fertilizing (Fig. 3). As a result, labor and
fuel-lubricants are saved. The manual labor of
watermen in the field is drastically reduced. In the
course of conducting scientific research, a water-
saving drip irrigation project was developed on the
area of 42.0 ha in the area of the farm named after
Z.Farmonov. The obtained results are presented in
Table 4.
The composition and areas of agricultural land types
used in land development projects were improved
taking into account the natural, economic, social and
ecological conditions of the massif, and there was an
opportunity to increase the yield of agricultural crops
by 2-3 centners per hectare. As a result of the use of
"water-saving" technologies, water consumption per
hectare decreased by 30-40%, production costs by 20-
25%. Efficiency increased by 22%.
REFERENCES
1.
Khujakeldiev K.N. Measures aimed at protecting
soil from erosion while increasing the efficiency of
using land resources// Problems of applying
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Polytechnic Institute: IV - a collection of materials
of the Republican Scientific and Technical
Conference, May 11-12, 2012 - Jizzakh sh. - B. 161-163.
2.
Khujakeldiev K.N. I. Kabilov. In the conditions of
irrigation erosion, the large and small size of
irrigation fields and the use of agrotechnical
measures// Problems of improving the efficiency of
land and water resources use in the south of
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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VOLUME
02
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SSUE
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Pages:
07-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
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Uzbekistan: Collection of the Republican scientific
and practical conference. December 10-11. -KarMII
2004. - B. 185-187.
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Khujakeldiev K.N. Development of anti-erosion
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Khujakeldiev K.N. Understanding the types of soil
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perspektivy razvitiya nauki i obrazvaniya v
usloviyax globalizatsii February 28, 2019 goda Vyp.
44, Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. -Pereyaslav-
Khmelnitsky
‒
2019. -S.553-556.
5.
Khujakeldiev K.N. World experience of using
eroded lands//... Sbornik nauchnyx trudov. -
Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky
‒
2019. -S.556-558.
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Khujakeldiev
K.N
Erozionnoe
rayonirovanie
territorii Kashkadarinskoy oblasti// Problems of
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Khujakeldiev K.N Metodika ustanovleniya sostava i
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