Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
5
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
05-08
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article talks about the emergence of engineering, its development, its role in commerce, the creation of various
plant varieties, the introduction of a new era of science in Uzbekistan, and the achievement of significant results in
this regard.
KEYWORDS
Clone, DNA, stress, fragment, vector, Geninmar, herbicide, tissue, cell, differentiation, transgene, immunity, genome,
regeneration, protein.
INTRODUCTION
Genetic engineering is a set of biotechnological and
medical methods, a branch of the future era that
changes the genes in the div. Genetic engineering is
not a new direction that was not known before, but a
Research Article
GENE ENGINEERING IN PLANTS
Submission Date:
September 09, 2022,
Accepted Date:
September 18, 2022,
Published Date:
September 27, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume02Issue09-02
Buriyeva Dilorom Israilovna
Teacher of the department, Bukhara State University, Soil Science, Uzbekistan
Rahimova Mahliyo Akramovna
Teacher of the department, Bukhara State University, Soil Science, Uzbekistan
Yaxshimurodova Ferangiz
Teacher of the department, Bukhara State University, Soil Science, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
6
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
05-08
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
new science that has appeared for thousands of years
and is still developing. Genetic engineering is actually
one of the main areas of biotechnology. If we look at
the history of genetic engineering, for the first time in
1972, American scientist Paul Berg, together with his
colleagues, obtained recombinant DNA by connecting
parts of genetic molecules of viruses and
microorganisms in a test tube, which became the basis
for the emergence of genetic engineering. After that,
in 1989, the experiment of transferring cloned human
genes into cells, and in the same year, the treatment of
genetic diseases by conducting experiments on
animals was launched for the first time.[1-3]
Considerable work is being done in this field in our
country from the end of the 20th century to the
beginning of the 21st century. With the help of genetic
engineering in plants, fruitful varieties of plants
resistant to various stresses, pests and diseases and
adapted to different climates are being created. The
banana fruit, which is cultivated by genetic engineering
and creates natural immunity in the human div, and
is loved by many people, is also considered a product
of this genetic engineering field. Or if not, many
experiments are being conducted on the cotton plant,
which has been cultivated in our country for several
years and is considered as our national treasure. The
fact that more than 10,000 fragments were isolated
from the cotton genome and some of them were
cloned into special vectors is our biggest achievement
in this field.
Currently, clones of 433 plant species belonging to 90
families have been created using genetic engineering.
In order to achieve success in the use of cell and tissue
culture in the creation of plant deposits, first of all, it is
necessary to synthesize proteins and hormones
against plant pests and herbicides for the normal
division, differentiation and regeneration of cells and
the formation of a mature plant from them. Currently,
about 20 transgenic varieties of herbicide-resistant
corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, wheat, potatoes and
tomatoes, and flax are used in North America and
Europe. allowed. Transgenic varieties and hybrids of
strawberries, sugar beets and some flower crops are
planted on 34 million hectares of land. This is 80% of the
total cultivated area. In general, obtaining transgenic
plants is one of the rapidly developing areas of
biotechnology.[4-7] By February 2001, 78 transgenic
varieties of 18 types of crops were tested in the field
and allowed to be used for agro-commercial purposes
in countries where the use of genetically modified
plants is allowed. In 2000, in countries where the use
of genetically modified products of transgenic plant
varieties is allowed, insect-resistant crops were
planted on an area of 380,000 hectares, including
230,000 hectares of transgenic cotton, 144,000
hectares of corn, and 5,000 hectares of transgenic
potatoes planted. As a result of the use of transgenic
plants, it was possible to reduce the use of insecticides
and increase the productivity of plants. In 1998-2001,
along with the transformation of genes that increase
the yield and quality of plants, the first four varieties of
commercial transgenic flowers were obtained. (two
carnations and one chrysanthemum) managed to get
the unusual colors of the petals in the rosehip. In
genetic engineering (biotechnology), research is being
conducted on the creation of new varieties of wheat,
tomatoes, rice, carrots, vegetable crops using a
number of methods. In recent years, cooperation has
been established with many scientific and research
institutions of several leading countries of the world,
including: Russia, USA, China, Japan, Germany.
Geninmar Center is making many innovations in the
field, vaccines are being created for the treatment of
diseases. Only at the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
is the study of the structure and function of biologically
active substances of high and low molecular nature, as
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
7
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
05-08
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
well as the development of methods for their synthetic
production and their practical application. This
institute was one of the first to prove that the natural
biologically active substance - gossypol forms a
polymorphic complex, and based on it, more than
twenty new medicinal substances and other
preparations were developed. Examples of these are
3%
gossypol
liniment
used
against
viruses,
immunomodulator-thymoptin, hemostatic "Lagoden",
medicine used against chlamydia "Polinil" and others.
and low-gossypol cotton gin production technology
has been developed and is used under license in most
oil-oil extraction plants of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
According to the scientific basis, almost 20% of the total
volume of products entering the world market at the
beginning of the 21st century will be biotechnological
products. Most of the innovations in the field of
genetic engineering (biotechnology) in our country are
related to plant cells. Genes are inserted into plant cells
in different ways: for dicotyledonous plants, a natural
vector, i.e. plasmid of agrobacteria, is used, and for
monocotyledonous plants, the same method is used,
but this method causes some difficulty. In plants
resistant to agrobacteria, genes are introduced directly
by physical means. Examples of these are: "attack"
with
microparticles
or
ballistic
method,
electroporation treatment with polyethylene glycol,
transfer of DNA into liposome and other methods. A
mature organism is obtained from a plant cell as a
result of work on organogenesis and amplification of
seedlings using the above-mentioned methods, and
then planting them in the soil. Using such plants in
agriculture, it is possible to achieve high productivity,
which is economically very beneficial. The work of
Professor T.Yu.Yusupov should be specially noted in
the field of scientific research on gene transformation
in plants. Yusupov managed to isolate plasmid-like
structures from the cotton plant. Also, together with
his students, he introduced the pCaVItoxneo plasmid
into the nodule bacteria of the cotton plant and
developed a theoretical basis for obtaining transgenic
plants resistant to harmful insects.[8-9] Currently,
research is being conducted on the cultivation of
transformed callus tissue and cell suspension under
selective conditions. But the work being done in our
country in the field of genetic engineering is just the
beginning of the development of this field. Because
there are still a lot of tasks and undiscovered
opportunities in front of this industry. An example of
this is the tasks facing science: finding solutions to
problems related to the prevention of food, energy
resources, environmental pollution using modern
biotechnological methods, studying the characteristics
of living and reproduction of cells in the in vitro system,
regeneration, plant Examples include the development
of drugs, vitamins, and biologically active substances
using cell culture. It should also be noted that
antibiotics, amino acids, vitamins and hormones are
being developed by genetic engineering, clones of
breeding cattle are being created, plant varieties that
are environmentally friendly and resistant to
pathogenic microorganisms are being obtained,
transgenic strains of microorganisms that break down
toxic pesticide residues in soil and water are being
obtained, genetic diagnostic centers were established
for rapid diagnosis of diseases, scientific research
laboratories were opened. In this short period of time,
genetic engineering has made significant progress and
is being improved.[10-11]
Today, biotechnology is a rapidly developing field that
has proven to be more effective than classical
technologies.
Biotechnology is the foundation of our future life.
REFERENCES
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
8
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
05-08
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1290679216
METADATA
IF
–
5.625
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
1.
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