Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
19
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
Pages:
19-24
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
One of the most convenient ways to increase soil fertility is siderate crops. They enrich the soil with organic matter,
increase the activity of microorganisms in the soil and enrich the soil with necessary nutrients due to biomass.
KEYWORDS
Siderate crops, organic fertilizers, trace elements, rapeseed, vetch, radish, leguminous crops.
INTRODUCTION
There are many ways to increase soil fertility, and
siderate crops are considered the best. Green manures
are planted in order to enrich the soil with organic
matter and nitrogen. This type of crops is an
economically useful and ecologically safe source of soil
enrichment
with
organic
fertilizers.
They
fundamentally improve the properties of the soil, the
activity of microorganisms in the soil, prevent erosion
and salinity, and increase the quality of the product.
The effectiveness of planting siderate crops is close to
the effectiveness of manure. The green mass of this
type of crops is rich in nitrogen, protein, starch, sugar
and various microelements. Unique nodular bacteria
are formed in the roots of any plant, they absorb free
nitrogen from the air and play an important role in
increasing soil fertility. But if the siderates remain on
the ground for a long time without being harvested in
time, its coarse stem becomes a source of viral and
fungal diseases without rotting well under the soil.
When the ground covered by the siderate plant is
turned over, the green mass can oversaturate the soil
with nitrogen. As a result, the next crop cannot digest
it and begins to burn. For this reason, you should not
wait until siderat crops begin to ripen. In order to avoid
Research Article
EFFECTS OF SIDERATE CROPS ON SOIL BIOMASS AND FERTILITY
Submission Date:
Sep 20, 2024,
Accepted Date:
Sep 25, 2024,
Published Date:
Sep 30, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue09-04
Khaitboyeva Nodira Alimkulovna
Gulistan State University, graduate student, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
20
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
Pages:
19-24
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
such a situation, it is necessary to determine the
expected yield before planting siderate crops. Also,
before planting, it is necessary to study the
agrotechnical characteristics of siderat crops well.
These types of plants include rapeseed, oats, triticale,
rye and others.
According
to
E.V.Shatskikh,
D.M.Galiev,
I.V.Rogozinnikova, A.N.Masliuk [7], the inclusion of
perennial legumes in the crop rotation system has a
positive effect on the biological activity in the soil. The
number of microorganisms in the soil increases, the
decomposition of plant residues improves, soil fertility
increases.
V.S.Polous,
S.P.Stepanov,
L.O.Prokopova,
S.N.Osaulenko [13] analyzed the work carried out on
the use of organic mineral fertilizers, microorganisms
and resource-saving technologies to stabilize the
biological activity of the soil.
As a result of cultivation and irrigation, the irrigated
gray-meadow soils of the Mirzachol oasis have gone
through various evolutionary stages and have their
own properties and characteristics [5,6,8-11].
Increasing the soil fertility in saline areas, using it as a
drain will lead to a decrease in the level of seepage
water in cultivated areas, and an improvement in soil
reclamation [1,2,3,4,12].
One of the main activities in increasing soil fertility by
improving soil properties is the use of intercrops as
siderates. The application of green manures enriches
the soil with organic matter, improves its general
physical properties and enhances microbiological
processes, and leads to an increase in the amount of
nitrogen and mobile phosphorus in the plowed layer of
the soil. Green manures have a positive effect on the
state of the soil aggregate, volume mass, water
permeability, soil moisture and temperature, the
amount of nutrients and many other properties.
Table 1
Amount of biomass remaining under the influence of siderates, t/ha (2023-2024 years)
№
Options
2023 year
2024 year
Average
1
Without control-
siderate
0
0
0
2
Rapeseed
17,2
16,6
16,9
3
Vika
13,4
16,8
15,1
4
Radish
15,8
15,5
15,6
5
Oats
14,4
15,9
15,1
Siderate crops increase soil biomass, as a result, soil
fertility
increases,
microbiological
processes
accelerate, and the amount of humus increases. The
average biomass in the areas planted with siderate
crops (2023-2024) was 15.1-16.9 t/ha. In the
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
21
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
Pages:
19-24
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
experimental field, the highest biomass was observed
in the rapeseed plant, 16.9 t/ha (table 1).
Planting siderate crops is one of the best ways to
improve soil fertility, but it is not widely used. Green
manures are important in enriching the soil with
organic matter and thereby improving the physical
properties of the soil. In the experimental options,
when studying the condition of soil volume weight
before planting and after siderates, we observed that
the volume weight of the soil of the experimental area
is equal to 1.36-1.41 g/cm3 on average, and after
planting siderates, the soil volume weight changed to
1.26-1.33 g/cm3 possible Among the experimental
variants, the best volume weight difference change
can be seen in the radish plant variant of 0.11% (table 2).
Table 2
Changes in soil volume weight under the influence of siderates (2023-2024 years)
Т/р
Experience options
Layer
depth, cm
Volume weight, g/cm
3
Before
planting
After
siderates
Difference
(±)
1
Without control-
siderate
0-30
1,32
30-50
1,41
2
Rapeseed
0-30
1,36
1,28
0,08
30-50
1,39
1,31
0,08
3
Vika
0-30
1,38
1,29
0,09
30-50
1,41
1,31
0,10
4
Radish
0-30
1,37
1,26
0,11
30-50
1,39
1,28
0,11
5
Oats
0-30
1,38
1,31
0,07
30-50
1,39
1,33
0,06
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
22
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
Pages:
19-24
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Siderate crops also affect the physical and physical-
mechanical properties of the soil. The physical
properties of the soil are improved, the porosity of the
soil increases, as a result, the volume mass of the soil
decreases.In the experiment, we can see that the soil
porosity in the 0-30 cm layer of siderate planted areas
before planting was 49.26-51.41%, and after planting
siderate crops, we can see that the porosity in the
fields of experimental options increased to 52.36-
54.67%. (table 3).
Table 3
Changes in soil porosity under the influence of siderates (2023-2024 years)
Т/р
Experience options
Layer
depth, cm
General porosity, %
Before
planting
After
siderates
Difference
(±)
1
Without control-
siderate
0-30
47,4
30-50
45,6
2
Rapeseed
0-30
49,82
52,77
2,95
30-50
50,71
53,55
2,84
3
Vika
0-30
51,41
54,58
3,17
30-50
51,21
54,67
3,46
4
Radish
0-30
49,26
53,33
4,07
30-50
49,64
53,62
3,99
5
Oats
0-30
49,82
52,36
2,55
30-50
50,18
52,33
2,15
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it can be said that siderate crops such as
rapeseed, vetch, radish, oats planted in the
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
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2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
Pages:
19-24
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
experimental options have a positive effect on several
properties of the soil. In this case, we can see that the
highest biomass of the soil is accumulated in the
rapeseed plant, on average 16.9 t/ha, and the physical
properties of the soil are improved, having a positive
effect on the soil volume weight and soil porosity. The
best index of soil density was observed in radish plant,
which was 1.37 g/cm3 in khaydov layer before planting,
and 1.26 g/cm3 after siderates. The difference in the
change of soil porosity under the effect of siderates is
around 2.15-4.07%, and the best porosity is 3.99-4.07%
observed in siderate of radish plant. In general, the use
of siderate crops as green manure improves the
general physical properties of the soil, reduces soil
salinity, their roots serve as drainage, reduces the
amount of tillage, weeds, diseases and insects, softens
the soil, prevents erosion and improves soil fertility
with other positive properties increases.
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1290679216
Publisher:
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