Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
34
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
34-45
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of research on the study of the effect of the complex use of mineral fertilizers,
structure-forming agents and herbicides on the growth of the main forest-forming species in a hot and dry climate on
the mountain slopes of the Chatkal ridge.
The dynamics of the growth of forest crops over the years under the influence of mineral fertilizers, structure-forming
agents "CMC" and "Polymeliorant" and the herbicide "Uragan forte", as well as their influence on the formation of
soil structure and the intensity of its water permeability, are outlined.
KEYWORDS
Mineral fertilizers, structurant, carboxymethylcellulose, polyameliorant, herbicide, annual growth, granular soil
structure, soil water permeability, crop growth, growth dynamics, low mountains, mountain slopes.
INTRODUCTION
In the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan with a
low amount of precipitation and high summer
temperatures, one of the main measures is the
regulation of surface runoff in the mountains and
foothills, which affects water erosion, causing soil
erosion, the formation of ravines, the occurrence of
mudflows that reduce the productivity of mountain
Research Article
INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS, SOIL STRUCTURE-FORMERS AND
HERBICIDES ON THE GROWTH OF FOREST CROPS ON MOUNTAIN
SLOPES OF THE CHATKALK RIDGE IN UZBEKISTAN
Submission Date:
November 20, 2024,
Accepted Date:
November 25, 2024,
Published Date:
November 30, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue11-06
B.Kh.Mamutov
PhD of agricultural sciences of Research Institute of Forestry, 111104 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
35
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
34-45
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
slopes, bringing enormous damage to the national
economy [1,4].
Forest plantations have the greatest effect in
preventing water erosion of soils on mountain slopes.
At the same time, the forests of Uzbekistan perform
many other useful functions for the national economy.
These include soil protection, water protection,
climate control, recreational, sanitary and hygienic and
other functions. In recent years, the recreational role
of forests has come to the fore, in which local
recreation centers and health improvement of the
population are being created [1,2].
At the same time, natural forests in the mountainous
conditions of the republic, due to the peculiarities of
climate and anthropogenic influence, currently occupy
less than 3% of the area of mountain territories, and the
increase in forest area artificially comes to the fore
[2,4].
Research Institute of Forestry has developed
technologies for the artificial creation of forests by
using planting material with a closed root system.
Planting experimental forest crops with planting
material with closed roots made it possible to achieve
a survival rate of 80
–
90% in difficult forest conditions
on the western slope [1,4].
However, due to dry, hot conditions in the summer,
their growth was slowed down and there was a need
to develop measures to accelerate it.
A set of studies to develop measures to improve the
growth of forest crops created in the mountains in rain-
fed conditions included measures to improve plant
nutrition by adding mineral fertilizers to the soil, to
preserve the moisture that entered the soil from
precipitation falling in the winter-spring period, as well
as to reduce consumption this moisture is transferred
to weeds for use by forest crops during the dry
summer period.
METHODS
The methodology for conducting an experiment on the
use of mineral fertilizers in young rainfed forest crops
created by planting material with closed roots, as well
as in forest crops created in the usual way, consisted of
applying fertilizers to the soil in the second year after
planting in early spring, immediately after thawing
snow, in the trunk circles of each plant or in a
continuous strip 1 m wide, in the root distribution zone.
After spreading the fertilizers, they were embedded in
the soil to a shallow depth, up to 10 cm, so as not to
damage the root system.
The experience of studying the effect of mineral
fertilizers was laid down in accordance with the
methodology for planning the use of mineral fertilizers
set out in the work of V.N. Efimov V.S.Pobedov et al
[4,5] and included three options - two options with the
application of mineral fertilizers in doses with active
ingredients:
N90Р90К60andN120Р180К60,
recommended in the works of other researchers, as
well as based on the experiences of previous years for
similar types of soils in the same environmental
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
36
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
34-45
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
conditions [4], and the third option - without complete
intervention (control) .
An increase in soil moisture reserves can be achieved
by constructing simple hydraulic structures - terraces
or sites - on the slopes before planting forest crops.
Traditional methods of preserving moisture in planted
forest crops by periodically loosening the soil and
removing weeds on terraces and sites are too
expensive, since they require the use of manual labor
in modern conditions [1,2,3].
The solution to the problem of reducing the share of
manual labor to combat the physical evaporation of
soil moisture was carried out by improving its
structural composition. This measure makes it possible
to increase the filtration into the soil of precipitation
moisture, which would uselessly flow down as surface
runoff, and also complicates its physical evaporation
[1,2].
In such conditions, it is very important to promote the
accumulation and preservation of falling moisture in
the soil for use by plants in the summer. Well-
structured soil on the surface has high water
permeability
and
almost
completely
allows
precipitation even of high intensity, stopping surface
runoff [2]. At the same time, structural soil, due to the
absence of capillaries, reduces the physical
evaporation of moisture from the soil, thereby
preserving it for plant nutrition [6].
When creating forest crops, soil preparation by
building terraces results in the removal of the
structural topsoil. In this case, structureless subsoil
horizons are exposed; after precipitation and drying of
the upper layer, a cracked crust is formed on the
surface, which prevents the absorption of moisture
and promotes its evaporation [1,6].
Improving the structure of the soil surface was carried
out by introducing structure formers (structurants),
which prevent the formation of a crust and ensure the
gluing of silty soil into lumps, creating a certain
structure.
Polymeliorant,
developed
and
recommended by the Institute of Chemistry of the
Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, and linear colloid
carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were chosen as
structure-forming agents.
Reducing soil drying can also be achieved by destroying
weeds using a chemical method - the use of herbicides
[7]. Research in this direction was aimed at testing new
drugs for the forestry of the republic. To destroy
weeds, the herbicide “UraganForte” was tested at a
rate of 1200 ml/ha. All of the above mentioned
preparations were not used on the mountain slopes of
the republic when growing forest crops in non-
irrigated conditions.
The experience of testing the listed methods was
carried out in the most difficult forest conditions with
a hot and dry summer period - on the western slope of
the spur of the Chatkal ridge at an altitude of 1200 m.
Structural agents were applied in the form of solutions
to the terrace canvas evenly over the soil surface with
further embedding with ketmen to a shallow depth of
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
37
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
34-45
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
5
–
7 cm. The time for their application to the soil was in
the spring, as soon as the soil became available for
loosening after the snow had melted. Since until now
structure formers have not been used for this purpose,
the dose of the substance introduced into the soil was
determined experimentally in the previous year. The
previously identified application dose was 0.4% for
Polimeliorant, and 0.2% for CMC, based on the use of 10
liters of solution per 1 m2 of terrace surface, wetting
the soil to a depth of 5 cm. The application depth was
also previously determined by us experimentally.
Solutions of structurants were applied to the soil
surface by spraying from a watering can.
Determination of the structure of the upper 5 cm layer
of soil treated with structurants showed that in the
control untreated section of the terrace, the surface
was made up of parent rock - structureless silty loess-
like heavy loam. In areas treated with Polymeliorant
and CMC, an analysis of the determination of the total
number of aggregates using the dry sieving method
showed that after treating the soil with structurants, a
granular structure with aggregates 1
–
3 mm in size was
formed. This, as shown by measurements of the water
permeability of the treated soil using the tube method,
increased the filtration of water into the soil treated
with polyameliorant from 2.8 to 6.0 mm/min, and into
the soil treated with CMC - from 2.2 to 3.6 mm/min.
The weeds on the terrace on the western slope with
experimental forest crops of the Sivers apple tree and
Korolkov hawthorn were treated with herbicide using
a sprayer in the third year after their planting.
Treatment with herbicide was carried out in May, when
the height of the grass stand was more than 15 cm, on
sections of terraces containing 60 plants of each of
these crops, with a herbicide solution diluted with
water to the concentration recommended in the
instructions. The results of studying the impact of the
activities planned in the study showed the following.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The influence of structurants and herbicide on the
growth of experimental crops of apple and hawthorn
in the experiment established in 2016 should have been
fully manifested in 2017, since in 2016 the experiment
was established in May, when the soil was in a state of
ripeness, and the grass stand had grown to height of at
least 15 cm. By this time, the apple tree and hawthorn
already had a good growth of shoots. The most
intensive growth of crops, as experience has shown,
occurs in April - May, slowing down sharply by June, so
the substances used could not have a full effect on the
growth of crops in the year of the experiment.
Measurements of height growth of experimental trees
carried out in 2017 are presented in the table. It should
be noted that the growth of crops in the experiment
with the combined use of structurants, fertilizers and
herbicides turned out to be significantly lower than
with their separate use, due to the fact that the joint
use of the drugs was carried out in the summer period
of 2017, which received much worse precipitation,
when 30 mm fell then as in 2016
–
almost 150 mm.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
38
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
34-45
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Table
Dynamics of height growth of seedlings in experimental forest plantations on the western
slope under the influence of complex application of mineral fertilizers, soil structure-
forming agents “KMC” and “Polymelioranit” and herbicide “Uragan-Forte” during 2015-
2017
S
pe
ci
es
Treat
ments
MONTHS
Annua
l grow
th, cm
G
ro
w
th
rel
at
iv
e
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l,
%
April
May
June
July
August
Septemb
er
М±m
P%
М±m
P%
М±m
P
%
М±
m
P%
М±
m
P
%
М±
m
P
%
HAWTHORNE+FERTILIZER (2015-2016)
H
a
w
th
or
n
Contr
ol (no
fertiliz
er)
58,4±2
,04
3,5
62,4±
2,12
3,4
62,4±
2,12
3,4
62,8
±2,1
3
3,4
63,0
±2,1
4
3,
4
63,0
±2.1
4
3,
4
4,
6
1
0
0
N
90
Р
9
0
К
60
41,0±1
,31
3,2
57,3±
1,77
3,1
58,5±
1,81
3,1
58,8
±1,8
2
3,1
58,9
±1,8
2
3,
1
58,9
±1,8
2
3,
1
17
,9
3
8
9
N
120
Р
180
К
60
39,1±1
,17
3,0
47,5±
1,42
3,0
51,0±
1,47
2,9
51,7
±1,5
0
2,9
53,0
±1,4
8
2,
8
53,0
±1,4
8
2,
8
13
,9
3
0
2
APPLE TREE + FERTILIZER (2015-2016)
A
p
pl
e
tr
ee
Contr
ol (no
fertiliz
er)
42,3±1
,26
3,0
61,1±
1,71
2,8
61,7±
1,72
2,8
64,7
±1,8
1
2,8
64,7
±1,8
1
2,
8
64,7
±1,8
1
2,
8
22
,4
1
0
0
N
90
Р
9
0
К
60
45,3±1
,72
3,8
58,4±
2,16
3,7
64,5±
2,25
3,5
68,7
±2,2
6
3,3
68,8
±2,2
7
3,
3
68,8
±2,2
7
3,
3
23
,5
1
0
4
N
120
Р
180
К
60
59,4±1
,96
3,3
69,4±
2,22
3,2
75,6±
2,34
3,1
82,4
±2,4
7
3,0
87,4
±2,6
2
3,
0
93,4
±2,6
2
3,
0
34
,0
1
5
1
HAWTHORN – aftereffect of fertilizer (2017)
H
a
Contr
ol (no
62,3±2
,18
3,5
65,3±
2,22
3,4
65,7±
2,23
3,4
66,6
±2,2
6
3,4
66,6
±2,2
6
3,
4
66,6
±2,2
6
3,
4
4,
3
1
0
0
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
39
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
34-45
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
w
th
or
n
fertiliz
er)
N
90
Р
9
0
К
60
55,7±1
,94
3,5
59,9±
2,03
3,4
60,1±
1,98
3,3
61,0
±2,0
1
3,3
66,5
±2,1
2
3,
2
66,5
±2,1
2
3,
2
10
,8
2
5
1
N
120
Р
180
К
60
50,5±1
,46
2,9
63,8±
1,77
2,8
70,5±
1,97
2,8
76,1
±2,0
5
2,7
85,9
±2,2
3
2,
6
85,9
±2,2
3
2,
6
35
,4
8
2
3
APPLE TREE – aftereffect of fertilizer
(2017)
H
a
wt
ho
rn
Contr
ol (no
fertiliz
er)
60,8±1,
88
3,1
69,0±2
,13
3,1
74,5±2
,23
3,0
80,7±
2,34
2,9
80,7±
2,34
2,
9
80,7±
2,34
2,
9
19
,9
1
0
0
N
90
Р
9
0
К
60
65,0±1
,95
3,0
75,5±
2,11
2,8
80,3±
2,24
2,8
85,7
±2,3
1
2,7
85,8
±2,3
1
2,
7
85,8
±2,3
1
2,
7
20
,8
1
0
4
N
120
Р
180
К
60
77,1±2
,15
2,8
89,2±
2,40
2,7
99,3±
2,68
2,7
103,
5±2,
79
2,7
103,
5±2,
79
2,
7
103,
5±2,
79
2,
7
26
,4
1
3
2
BOYARKA + “KMC” + “Meliorant” (2015-2016)
H
a
w
th
or
n
Contr
ol (no
fertiliz
er)
67,3±2
,5
3,7
77,2±
2,62
3,4
114,2
±3,76
3,3
114.
2±3,
76
3,3
114,
2±3,
76
3,
3
114,
2±3,
76
3.
3
46
,9
1
0
0
KMC-
0,2%
89,4±3
,12
3,5
90,5±
3,07
3,4
95,7±
3,15
3,3
129,
7±4,
15
3,2
129,
7±4,
15
3,
2
129,
7±4,
15
3,
2
40
,3
8
5
Melior
ant-
0,4%
67,2±2
,41
3,6
90,7±
3,08
3,4
95,4±
3,05
3,2
98,9
±3,1
6
3,2
116,
6±3,
73
3,
2
116,
6±3,
73
3,
2
49
,4
1
0
5
APPLE TREE + “KMC” + “Meliorant” (2015-2016)
A
p
pl
e
tr
ee
Contr
ol (no
fertiliz
er)
57,6±1
,95
3,4
77,2±
2,62
3,4
77,4±
2,70
3,5
77,6
±2,5
6
3,3
77,6
±2,5
6
3,
3
77,6
±2,5
6
3
,
3
20
,0
1
0
0
KMC-
0,2%
85,4±2
,30
2,7
105±
2,83
2,7
107,5
±2,79
2,6
107,
5±2,
79
2,6
108,
6±2,
82
2,
6
108,
6±2,
82
2,
6
23
,2
1
1
6
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
40
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
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11
Pages:
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OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
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Melior
ant -
0,4%
76,7±2
,37
3,1
90,7±
2,90
3,2
92,5±
2,86
3,1
92,5
±2,8
6
3,1
92,5
±2,8
6
3,
1
92,5
±2,8
6
3,
1
15
,8
7
9
HAWTHORN - HERBICIDE "Uragan Forte" (2015-2016)
H
a
w
th
or
n
Contr
ol (no
fertiliz
er)
55,4±1
,71
3,1
63,5±
1,90
3,0
69,9±
2,09
3,0
69,9
±2,0
9
3,0
72,1
±2,0
1
2,
8
72,1
±2,0
1
2,
7
16
,7
1
0
0
Uraga
n forte
-
(1200
мл/га)
58,3±1
,74
3,0
109,7
±3,07
2,8
113,4
± 3,06
2,7
113,
4±
3,06
2,7
115,
6±3,
12
2,
7
115,
6±3,
12
2,
7
57
,3
3
4
3
APPLE TREE - HERBICIDE "Uragan Forte" (2015-2016)
A
p
pl
e
tr
ee
Contr
ol (no
fertiliz
er)
40,5±1
,21
3,0
43,1±
1,29
3,0
48,4±
1,40
2,9
48,4
±1,4
0
2,9
48,4
±1,4
0
2,
9
48,4
±1,4
0
2,
9
7,
9
1
0
0
Uraga
n forte
-
(1200
мл/га)
59,6±1
,67
2,8
73,3±
2,05
2,8
88,7±
2,39
2,7
88,7
±2,3
9
2,7
88,7
±2,3
9
2,
7
88,7
±2,3
9
2,
7
29
,1
3
6
8
HAWTHORNE- HERBICIDE + FERTILIZER + CMC (2015-2017)
H
a
w
th
or
n
Contr
ol (no
fertiliz
er)
43,1±1
,33
3,1
45,1±
1,35
3,0
45,9±
1,35
3,0
46,0
±1,3
8
3,0
46,0
±1,3
8
3,
0
46,0
±1,3
8
3,
0
2,
9
1
0
0
Uraga
n forte
-
(1200
мл/га)
+
N
90
Р
90
К
60
+
КМЦ
(0,2
%)
75,6±2
,26
3,0
78,9±
2,28
2,9
88,1±
2,55
2,9
89,1
±2,5
8
2,9
89,1
±2,5
8
2,
9
89,1
±2,5
8
2,
9
13
,5
4
6
5
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
41
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
34-45
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
APPLE TREE + HERBICIDE + FERTILIZER + MELIORANT (2015-2017)
Apple
tree
Control
(no
fertilizer)
4
4
,
5
±
1
,
5
1
3
,
4
45,8±
1,55
3,4
46,3±
1,52
3,3
46,3
±1,5
2
3,3
46,3
±1,5
2
3,
3
46,3
±1,5
2
3,
3
1,
8
1
0
0
Uragan
forte -
(1200
мл/га)+
N
9
0
Р
90
К
60
+
Мелиора
нт
(0,4%)
7
5
,
3
±
2
,
4
0
3
,
2
79,6±
2,54
3,2
82,5±
2,55
3,1
88,3
±2,7
3
3,1
88,3
±2,7
3
3,
1
88,3
±2,7
3
3,
1
13
,0
7
2
2
In an experiment with the use of mineral fertilizers, in
which the effect of fertilizers on the growth of
hawthorn and apple trees was studied, in the year of
their application, fertilizers had a positive effect on the
growth of shoots only in hawthorn. At the same time,
the highest growth in height was observed with a
lower fertilizer rate (N90P90K60), where the annual
growth was 17.9 cm, which compared to the higher
fertilizer rate was 1.2 times higher (28%), and the
difference with the control was more than 3 .8 times
(389%). In the apple tree, the highest increase in height
compared to other options was provided by a higher
fertilizer rate (N120P180K60), where the increase
relative to the control exceeded 51%. At this moment,
the increase in height in the variants with a lower dose
of fertilizers (N90P90K60) and the control turned out
to be the same - within 51-53%.
The dynamics of growth in height of hawthorn and
apple trees during the growing season in the first year
after applying fertilizers was different depending on
the application rate. In hawthorn, with a lower rate,
active growth continued until May, and with a higher
rate - until June In the apple tree, shoot growth
continued longer. With a low fertilizer rate, it lasted
until June, and with a higher rate, until September. In
the control, active growth continued in the hawthorn
only for two months - April and May, and in the Sievers
apple tree, as a species characterized by a long growth
of shoots, and in the control growth continued until
July.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
42
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
34-45
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In the second year, the aftereffect of fertilization on
height growth in hawthorn and apple trees had large
differences. In hawthorn, with a lower application rate,
active growth was observed during the first two
months, and with a higher rate it was extended until
August. In the control, the growth period was as short
as in the previous year - in April-May. In the apple tree,
active growth was observed in the variants with
fertilizer until August, and in the control until June.
The amount of height growth in hawthorn in the year
of fertilization was not affected by the application rate
and the annual increases in percentage terms turned
out to be equal, but significantly greater than in the
control (25-26%). The growth response of the apple
tree in the year of fertilization was not observed.
Annual increases turned out to be the same as the
control (in all variants 50-53%).
However, if we compare the percentage of excess of
the annual growth of hawthorn in the variants with the
application of fertilizers in relation to the control, in the
best variant with the application rate of N120P180K60,
it amounted to 302%. During this period, the apple tree
actively responded to improved nutrition with a large
dose of fertilizer ((N120P180K60). Its annual growth in
comparison with the control in variants with fertilizer
turned out to be 151% greater.
In the second year after applying mineral fertilizers,
their positive effect on the growth of hawthorn and
apple trees increased. The annual growth of hawthorn
is best with a higher fertilizer rate (N120P180K60). in
comparison with the control was 823%, and in the apple
tree in the same variant - by 33%. The increase in the
growth of experimental plants in the second year can
be explained by an increase in growth at the beginning
of the growing season, which occurred due to greater
accumulation of nutrients in the previous year, as well
as due to increased photosynthesis and the duration of
the growth period by 2-3 months compared to the
control.
The results of studying the growth of crops in height
depending on the use of structurants “CMC” and
“Polymeliorant” showed that “Polymeliorant” and
“CMC” had practically no effect on the growth of
experimental crops. Hawthorn increased by height in
the variant with Polymeliorant was 5% higher than the
control, and in the variant with CMC the increase was
less than the control by 13%. The apple tree had an
inverse relationship - CMC showed a slight positive
effect, increasing the growth by 16%, and in the variant
with ameliorant the increase was less compared to the
control by 21%.
A study of the growth dynamics of experimental crops
showed that apple and hawthorn differ in this indicator
as well. Thus, the application of CMC to the soil surface
stimulated intensive growth of hawthorn in the hottest
month - July, amounting to 33 cm, and the application
of polyameliorant - in August, when the growth was
17.7 cm, while in the control the main increase occurred
in June - 37. 0 cm. In the apple tree there was no
difference in the intensity of growth during the
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
43
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
34-45
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
growing season in any of the variants. In this breed,
almost all of its height growth occurred in May.
As observations have shown, the herbicide had a very
strong effect on the growth of experimental crops. In
the variant with hawthorn, its use increased the annual
growth by more than 3 times (343%), and in the variant
with apple tree - almost 4 times (368%).
The effect of the herbicide on the growth of the
studied breeds also differed. Thus, the main growth of
hawthorn under its influence occurred in May,
amounting to 51.4 cm, after which in July it decreased
to 4 cm, and then stopped, while in the control it
occurred more evenly, amounting to 11 cm in May, 6.5
in June and August 2.3 cm. In the experiment with an
apple tree, the herbicide stimulated growth in height
only in April-June, amounting to 13.7 cm in May and 15.4
cm in June. In the control in this experiment, growth of
the apple tree was also observed in May by 2 .6 cm and
June by 5.4 cm.
In the experience of joint use of mineral fertilizers,
structure-forming agents and herbicide, carried out in
2017, there was a general decrease in the annual
growth of both species in all variants of the experiment
compared to 2016 due to the difference in the weather
conditions of the three years during which the
experimental work was carried out. The most
abundant precipitation in the summer period was 2015,
the year preceding the experiment. As a rule, the most
active growth of trees in rainfed conditions occurs at
the beginning of the growing season in April - May,
when it is not yet leaf mass has increased, providing
growth due to photosynthesis, and the growth of new
shoots is carried out due to the reserves of nutrients
accumulated in the previous year. For this reason, the
growth of new shoots in 2016 was stronger than in
2017, in which shoots grew due to reserves ,
accumulated in the drier year of 2016.
Experience has shown that the use of a set of measures
to improve plant growth, including the use of mineral
fertilizers, soil treatment with structurants, and weeds
with herbicides, already in the first year increased the
annual growth of both hawthorn and apple trees
compared to the separate use of these measures.
Hawthorn increased its annual growth compared to
the control by 11%, and the apple tree by 9.2%.
Comparison of annual growth in relation to the control
in percentage shows that the growth of hawthorn in
the experiment with the use of complex measures
exceeds the control by 466%, and the growth of the
apple tree by 611%.
This is explained by the fact that thanks to the
destruction of the herbicide “Hurricane
-
Forte” on the
terraces of weeds, preventing soil drying out through
transpiration, it significantly increased soil moisture in
the root systems of plants in the summer by 4-5% and
thus after treatment already in the first year on In
experimental plots, 100% of weeds died. In the second
year, only 15% of the area in the treated area was
occupied by weeds.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
44
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
34-45
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The study of the dynamics of active growth of shoots
in this experiment showed, as in the experiment with
the use of fertilizers, the duration of growth in height
of hawthorn in the variant with complex measures
lasted until July, and for the apple tree until August. In
the control, in both variants, growth continued only
until June.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of experiments on the use of
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mineral
fertilizers, soil structure formers “KMC
-
0.2%” and
“Meliorant
-
0.4%”, as well as the herbicide “Uragan
Forte” at a rate of 1200 ml/ha in two
-year rainfed areas
forest crops of hawthorn and apple trees in the low-
mountain zone, the following conclusions can be
drawn:
1. The study of the dynamics of growth of forest crops
of hawthorn and apple showed that in all the
experiments analyzed in this work, all the studied
methods of increasing the growth of forest crops of
these species led to an increase in the duration of
growth by 1-2 summer months in relation to the
controls.
2. Mineral fertilizers already in the first year of
application had a positive effect on the height growth
of both breeds. At the same time, when applying
mineral fertilizers at the norm N90Р90К60, the
hawthorn increased its height growth by 389%, and at
the norm N120Р180К60 by 302%, and the apple tree,
due to its biological characteristics, with a lower dose
of N90Р90К60 only by 4%, and with a higher dose of
N120Р180К60 by 51%. In the second year of the
experiment, the annual growth of these species turned
out to be even greater - in hawthorn with a lower dose
of N90Р90К60 fertil
izers by 251%, and with a higher
dose of 823% in relation to the control, and in apple
trees with a large dose of N120Р180К60 fertilizers by
33%.
3. The use of soil structure formers
–
“CMC
-
0.2%” and
“Polyameliorant
-
0.4%” turned out to be ineffective. In
this experiment, when the soil was treated with
“Polymeliorant,” hawthorn increased its growth by 5%
compared to the control, but with “CMC” it was 13%
less. In the apple tree, an inverse relationship was
observed - with the polyameliorant the increase was
21% less, and with CMC it was 16% more.
4. Treatment of weeds with the herbicide “Uragan
-
Forte” at a rate of 1200 ml/ha due to increased soil
moisture had a great positive effect. The annual
growth of hawthorn crops exceeded the growth of
control crops by 343%, and the apple tree under similar
conditions increased its growth by 368%.
5. The complex use of mineral fertilizers in the norm
N90Р90К60 soil structure
-
forming agents “KMC
-
0.2%”
and the herbicide “Hurricane
-
Forte” in the norm
already in the first year of the experiment showed the
highest positive effect on the annual growth of
hawthorn and Sievers apple crops. At the same time,
hawthorn increased growth relative to the control by
465%, and apple tree - by 722%.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
45
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
34-45
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
6. Taking into account the rather high cost of soil
treatment with structure-forming agents and the small
effect of their use, it is possible to exclude this
technique from the complex of agrotechnical
techniques for the accelerated cultivation of forest
crops on mountain slopes, leaving only the use of
mineral fertilizers at the norm N90Р90К60 and
herbicides “Uragan
-
Forte” at the norm 1200 ml/ha.
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