Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
20
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
20-25
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article provides information on the medicinal properties of the kovrak plant, measures for its current use. The
importance of this plant in providing employment to the population of Dehqanabad district, its annual yield and
income are scientifically analyzed. The prospects for kovrak cultivation are highlighted, including the costs and
benefits of its cultivation, calculated in local currency and US dollars.
KEYWORDS
Republic of Uzbekistan, Kashkadarya region, Dehqanabad district, kovrak plant, plantations, population
employment.
INTRODUCTION
Kovrak belongs to the celery family and is a perennial
herb. There are more than 170 species of Kovrak on
earth. More than 110 species are found in Central Asia,
and about 50 in our country. In nature, stinking Kovrak
is widespread, and gum-resin is mainly obtained from
this species. In our country, the medicinal plant Kovrak
is naturally widespread and there are additional
opportunities for artificial cultivation and propagation.
Research Article
ECONOMIC AND GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF KOVRAK CULTIVATION IN
DEKHKANABAD DISTRICT
Submission Date:
November 09, 2024,
Accepted Date:
November 14, 2024,
Published Date:
November 19, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue11-04
Namozov Jorabek Abduazizovich
Chirchik State Pedagogical University, Associate Professor of the Department of Geography, Doctor of
Philosophy (PhD), Associate Professor, Uzbekistan
Nurqobilova Yulduz Bahrom qizi
Student of Karshi State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajahi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
21
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
20-25
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In particular, it grows in sandy deserts, hills, mountains
and
foothills
of
the
Tashkent,
Samarkand,
Surkhandarya, Kashkadarya, Jizzakh, Navoi, Bukhara
regions of our Republic and the Republic of
Karakalpakstan, on gray soil soils. The Red Book of
Uzbekistan includes 5 types of kovrak, which are:
juniper kovrak, nor kovrak, sumbul kovrak, tuganakli
kovrak, kizylkum kovrak. In our republic, two types of
kovrak are mainly grown: Sassyk kovrak and Ko'histon
kovrak.
METHODS
The article is written in a general geographical
direction, in which the main emphasis is placed on the
natural characteristics and economic aspects of the
kovrak
plant.
The
article
uses
observation,
geographical
comparison,
landscape-indication,
statistical-mathematical,
extrapolation,
system-
composition methods.
Picture 1. The map of Dehqanabad district in Kashkadarya region
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
22
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
20-25
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
RESULTS
The highest quality of the kovrak plant grown in
Uzbekistan is grown in the Dehqanabad district of the
Kashkadarya region. The reason for this is, firstly, the
high quality of the kovrak, and secondly, the large
market for the product. Since the district is located in
the border area, the influx of products from
neighboring republics and regions, along with the high
market for kovrak in the district, also ensures the self-
employment of the district's population.
The extraction of gum-resin from the kovrak root
begins in early spring and continues until autumn.
Therefore, the periods of resin extraction are divided
into spring and summer. For this, the area around the
kovrak root is dug 5-10 centimeters deep and 20-25
centimeters wide, and the top of the root is exposed.
After the top of the root is exposed, it is cut to extract
the gum and resin. After 5-6 days, the high-quality gum
and resin juice is collected and the collected gum and
resin is collected. It is then cut again from another
place, and the cutting is done 15-20 times during the
season, depending on the size of the plant's root.
Picture 2. The fruit of the Kovrak plant
In folk medicine, kovrak has long been used to treat
dangerous tumors and ulcers, and an alcoholic tincture
of its gum-resin (nastoyka) has been used for asthma,
vasoconstriction, and nervous diseases. The kovrak
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
23
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
20-25
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
plant is a medicinal plant that treats vasoconstriction,
pulmonary tuberculosis, plague, cholera, whooping
cough, toothache, nervous and other diseases, gives
strength to a person, expels phlegm and drives out
worms. The stinking kovrak is a famous plant of the
East. It is used as a spice. This plant has been used as a
medicinal remedy since ancient times. In ancient
medicine, stinking kovrak glue was used to treat
muscle injuries and severe pain, along with “khilkhit”,
pomegranate juice. I
f “khilkhit” is dissolved in water
and drunk, it cures a sore throat, dry cough, and
swelling of the tongue. If taken orally, it increases
sexual potency, stimulates urine and menstruation,
and treats chronic cold diarrhea. In folk medicine, the
roots and stems of the stinking kovrak are used as an
alcoholic and aqueous tincture. It is used in dyspepsia,
diabetes, neurosis, rheumatism, bronchial asthma, as
an anti-inflammatory agent in catarrh, as an
anticonvulsant, as a choleretic agent, and in pulmonary
tuberculosis, liver, and kidney diseases. In addition, the
stinking kovrak is used to treat tumor diseases. In
scientific medicine, the anti-inflammatory, analgesic,
antihistamine, and anti-allergic properties of the
stinking kovrak have been identified. The importance
of extracts of the seeds and roots of the stinking
kovrak in sexual weakness and erectile dysfunction in
men has been identified. In addition, the antioxidant,
anticholinesterase, and antitumor properties of the
stinking kovrak have been identified.
In scientific medicine, the gum resin of the kovrak is
used as a powder, emulsion and alcoholic tincture
(tincture) under the name “assa foetida”, as well as an
analgesic and sedative, and is exported to many
countries.
Cultivation of kovrak is also of particular importance in
the economy of the district, the volume of exports by
entrepreneurs is 10 million US dollars, which is more
than the annual plan (8 million US dollars). Currently,
when looking at the reports for the first 6 months of
2023, it can be seen that the annual plan of 5 million US
dollars has been almost fully implemented. These
results show that the volume of production in the
district is high, and at the same time the market is
sufficiently developed. Currently, the district has 49
rural
self-government
units,
154.2
thousand
inhabitants, 26.6 thousand households, 34.6 thousand
families, 5,691 unemployed people, 44 thousand
hectares of arable land and 177 thousand hectares of
pasture land.
DISCUSSIONS
It is no secret that the population engaged in kovrak in
the district earns at least 30-50 million soums per year.
When we also get acquainted with the kovrak
plantations in Dehqanabad district, the result is 4684
jobs, that is, 2434 households will be created through
the organization of dehkan farms, 709 forest lands will
be leased, 1161 pasture lands will be allocated, and 380
farms will be specialized. The total area of kovrak to be
planted in the organization of seed plantations will be
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
24
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
20-25
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
350 hectares, of which 150 hectares will be forestry,
200 hectares will be covered by the territories of the
Committee for the Development of the Sericulture and
Wool Industry. Currently, the area under cultivation of
kovrak is 10.6 thousand hectares, of which 7161 ha (41
units) are owned by legal entities, 2459 ha (251 units)
by forestry, 731 ha (1603 units) by residents, and 260 ha
(1 unit) by a pasture association. When calculating the
costs and income for the population to grow their own
kovrak, the cost of purchasing land for 1 ha is 1.6 million
soums, the cost of planting it is 2 million soums,
preparing the land for planting is 1 million soums, seeds
for sowing (8-10 kg) are 12 million soums, covering the
land with a net is 16.4 million soums, other expenses
are 2 million soums, a total cost of 35 million soums,
and the average yield is 450 kg, the price of 1 kg of
product is 2.2 thousand soums, and the total income is
990 million soums. If we look at the dynamics of kovrak
exports, we can observe an increase in income from
the product of 1850 US dollars in 2020, 3200 US dollars
in 2021, and 8000 US dollars in 2022, which is an
increase of 73 percent in 2021 and 250 percent in 2022
compared to 2020. According to the above results, the
export figures of the product in the district are
expected to be 10 million in 2023, 11.5 million in 2024, 14
million in 2025, 18 million in 2026, and 30 million US
dollars in 2027. At the same time, necessary measures
are being taken and the necessary amount of loans are
being allocated to the population.
We all know that Kovrak is a medicinal plant, and
Kovrak resin is mainly exported to India. Compared to
previous years:
-
Harvesting of cultivated kovrak plantations in
Afghanistan has begun;
-
Increased supply in the market due to the large
amount of kovrak sap being produced in Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Iran in 2023;
-
Indian wholesalers have stocked up on kovrak
sap in sufficient quantities;
-
The price of kovrak sap is expected to decrease
in 2023 due to reduced consumer demand in India.
CONCLUSION
Currently, private kovrak entrepreneurship is widely
developing in Dehqanabad district, and in this regard,
foreign investors are conducting research and
verification work to implement new projects in the
district, attracting the attention of foreigners. It is also
worth noting that pistachio plantations have also been
established along with kovrak. If kovrak plantations in
the district are further developed and given broad
opportunities, the total value of the product grown per
1 hectare of land in a year will be approximately 300
million soums, and the profitability rate will be 150%.
That is, if a total of 49 million soums is spent on 1
hectare of cultivated land, seed costs will be 10 million
soums, local fertilizers 5 million soums, mineral
fertilizer costs 2 million soums, labor costs 20 million
soums, fuel, lubricants and equipment costs 2 million
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
25
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
(ISSN
–
2771-2559)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
20-25
OCLC
–
1290679216
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
soums, and other expenses 10 million soums. The net
profit from this will be 251 million soums.
In order to further increase the volume of kovrak
cultivation and export in the district, it is possible to
introduce proposals and recommendations such as:
selling 5807 hectares of pasture land permanently
owned by the Committee for the Development of the
Silk and Wool Industry through E-AUCTION, as well as
agricultural land, planting kovrak on 1-hectare plots of
land of the residents of the neighborhood, providing a
loan of 33 million soums for a period of 7 years with a
4-year grace period to protect the land from livestock
with a net, establishing a conclusion by relevant
organizations to combat rats and field mice that
damage kovrak roots in areas planted with kovrak, and
canceling the issuance of special permits (for
harvesting and export) in order to increase the volume
of kovrak exports grown in households and in cultural
conditions for the district.
REFERENCES
1.
Ravshapov P. “Geography of the Kashkadarya
region”. Karshi, 1993.
2.
Tashkulov K. “Dehqonobod –
my prosperous
homeland”. Karshi, 1998.
3.
“Recommendations on growing sorghum”.
Tashkent, 2023
4.
https://www.qashstat.uz/uz/
5.
www.wikipedia.uz
6.
t.me/dehqonobodpress
