American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
PAGE NO.
4-6
10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue01-02a
The influence of norms of sowing seeds and rates on
grain yield in combination sowing of forage crops
Iminov Abduvali Abdumannobovich
Doctor of agricultural sciences, professor, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Republic of Uzbekistan
Karimova Marhabo Abdullaevna
PhD student, Research Institute of Cereals and Legumes, Republic of Uzbekistan
Rakhimov Azizbek Dilmuratovich
Doctor of philosophy in agricultural sciences, associate professor, Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Republic of
Uzbekistan
Received:
26 October 2024;
Accepted:
29 December 2024;
Published:
30 January 2025
Abstract:
The article presents data on the effect of seeding rates and ratios on grain yield when intercropping
vetch, barley, and triticale in the conditions of pasture gray soils of the Andijan region. Intercropping triticale with
vetch provided a higher grain yield of 6.1-9.7 q/ha compared to the option planted alone, intercropping barley
with vetch provided a higher grain yield of 4.0-7.1 q/ha compared to the option planted alone, and intercropping
vetch with barley provided a higher grain yield of 3.1-5.4 q/ha compared to the option planted alone.
Keywords:
Barley, vetch, triticale, seed, sowing norm and rate, grain yield.
Introduction:
In order to obtain the highest yield when
the same plant is grown continuously, it is necessary to
create the most favorable conditions for the growth
and development of the crop. If several crops are
planted together, a slightly better soil is created for the
harvest. As a result of unfavorable conditions for one
type of crop, favorable for the second type of plant, it
is possible to obtain a crop that can replace one of the
other [2].
The level of study of the problem. In intercropping, two
or more crops are planted in a row, in a row, or in a strip
in the same plot. In this method, the seeds are not
mixed before planting, but are planted separately. For
example, when intercropping with soybeans, they are
planted in separate seedbeds or in separate boxes in
the same seedbed. This method is also called
intercropping. The purpose of intercropping is to
increase food quality and productivity [1, 2, 4, 5].
According to many scientists, intercropping is
considered to have begun after intercropping. Plants
were originally naturally mixed, and then, as people
began to live in groups, they were planted separately.
Also, when planting several crops together, it is
possible to get a good harvest even in years with
unfavorable weather conditions. Continuous planting
of the same crop in the same field for several years
does not always yield the desired yield. Because when
planting several crops together, the ground is created
for the desired yield [6].
METHODS
Our research was conducted in the Andijan region in
2021-2023 in the conditions of old-fashioned irrigated
pastures of gray, medium-grained, with a depth of 4-5
meters, and non-saline soils.
Our experiments aimed to determine the effect of
seeding rates and ratios on grain yield when
intercropping barley, vetch, and triticale, and included
15 options. The experimental options were arranged in
4 replications and the options were arranged in 4 tiers.
The total area of each option was 60 m2, of which 30
m2 was used. The total area of the experiment was 0.36
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
hectares.
The research was conducted in field and laboratory
conditions, and the field experiment layout,
calculations, and observations were based on the
methodological manuals “Methods of conducting field
experiments” and “Methodology of the State Var
iety
Testing of Agricultural Crops” [3, 7]. The following
mineral fertilizers were used in crop cultivation:
ammonium nitrate (N 33-34%), ammophos (N 11-12%,
P2O5-46%), and potassium chloride (K2O-60%).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Our studies have shown that the seeding rates and
ratios of barley, vetch and triticale have an effect on
grain yield. According to the data obtained from the
studies, the grain yield was 52.0 q/ha from the option
where triticale was planted alone at a rate of 150 kg per
hectare, 40.9 q/ha from the option where barley was
planted alone at a rate of 150 kg per hectare, and 28.4
q/ha from the option where vetch was planted alone.
It was found that in the options where different seeding
rates and ratios of barley, vetch and triticale were used
in our studies, grain yield increased compared to the
options where the crops were planted alone, and in the
options where triticale and vetch were planted
together, grain yield was 6.1-9.7 q/ha higher than the
option where triticale was planted alone. In the
variants planted with triticale and vetch, the highest
grain yield indicators were obtained from the variant
planted with 150 kg/ha triticale + 75 kg/ha vetch (2:1)
and amounted to 61.7 q/ha, while the grain yield was
obtained from the variant planted with 150 kg/ha
triticale + 100 kg/ha vetch (3:2) and 60.7 q/ha, and the
grain yield was obtained from the variant planted with
150 kg/ha triticale + 50 kg/ha vetch (3:1) and 58.1 q/ha
(Table 1).
It was found that the grain yield in the variants planted
with vetch and triticale was 4.7-7.8 q/ha higher than
the variant planted with triticale alone. The highest
grain yield in the variants planted with vetch and
triticale was obtained from the variant planted with
120 kg/ha vetch + 60 kg/ha triticale (2:1) and amounted
to 59.8 q/ha, while the grain yield in the variant planted
with 120 kg/ha vetch + 80 kg/ha triticale (3:2) was 58.7
q/ha, and the grain yield in the variant planted with 120
kg/ha vetch + 40 kg/ha vetch (3:1) was 56.7 q/ha.
It was found that the grain yield in the variants planted
with barley and vetch was 4.0-7.1 q/ha higher than the
variant planted with barley alone. In the variants
planted with vetch in combination with barley, the
highest grain yield indicators were obtained from the
variant planted with 150 kg/ha barley + 75 kg/ha vetch
(2:1) and amounted to 48.0 q/ha, while the variant
planted with 150 kg/ha barley + 100 kg/ha vetch (3:2)
yielded 47.1 q/ha, and the variant planted with 150
kg/ha barley + 50 kg/ha vetch (3:1) yielded 44.9 q/ha. It
was found that the grain yield in the variants planted
with vetch and barley was 15.6-17.9 q/ha higher than
in the variant planted with vetch alone.
Table 1
Effect of seeding norms and rates on grain yield in intercropping with fodder crops,
q/ha (2021-2023 year)
No.
Var.
Crop
types
Seeding norms and rates
2021
2022 2023 Average
1
Triticale
150 kg/ha
49.3
52.6
54.0
52.0
2
Barley
150 kg/ha
39.2
41.4
42.0
40.9
3
Vetch
120 kg/ha
27.1
28.2
29.9
28.4
4
Triticale
+ Vetch
150 kg/ha triticale+50 kg/ha vetch (3:1) 55.5
58.7
60.1
58.1
5
150 kg/ha triticale+75 kg/ha vetch (2:1) 59.6
62.2
63.2
61.7
6
150 kg/ha triticale+100 kg/ha vetch
(3:2)
58.3
61.4
62.5
60.7
7
Vetch +
triticale
120 kg/ha vetch+40 kg/ha triticale (3:1) 54.0
57.1
58.9
56.7
8
120 kg/ha vetch+60 kg/ha triticale (2:1) 57.5
60.0
62.0
59.8
9
120 kg/ha vetch + 80 kg/ha triticale
(3:2)
56.1
58.6
61.3
58.7
10
Barley +
vetch
150 kg/ha barley + 50 kg/ha vetch (3:1) 43.2
45.5
46.0
44.9
11
150 kg/ha barley +75 kg/ha vetch (2:1)
46.4
48.3
49.4
48.0
12
150 kg/ha barley + 100 kg/ha vetch
(3:2)
45.2
47.5
48.5
47.1
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American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
13
Vetch +
barley
120 kg/ha vetch+40 kg/ha barley (3:1)
42.0
44.6
45.4
44.0
14
120 kg/ha vetch+60 kg/ha barley (2:1)
45.5
46.2
47.2
46, 3
15
120 kg/ha vetch+80 kg/ha barley (3:2)
44.0
45.0
46.7
45, 2
In the variants planted with barley in combination with
vetch, the highest grain yield indicators were obtained
from the variant planted with 120 kg/ha vetch + 60
kg/ha barley (2:1) and amounted to 46.3 q/ha, while
the variant planted with 120 kg/ha vetch + 80 kg/ha
barley (3:2) yielded 45.2 q/ha, and the variant planted
with 120 kg/ha vetch + 40 kg/ha vetch (3:1) yielded 44.0
q/ha. It was found that the grain yield in the variants
planted with vetch and barley was 3.1-5.4 q/ha higher
than in the variants planted with barley alone.
CONCLUSION
It was found that the seeding norms and rates of forage
crops affect grain yield, and each crop type was higher
than the variants planted alone. Triticale and vetch
intercropping provided a higher grain yield of triticale
plants by 6.1-9.7 q/ha compared to the variant planted
alone, barley and vetch intercropping provided a higher
grain yield of barley plants by 4.0-7.1 q/ha compared to
the variant planted alone, and barley and vetch
intercropping provided a higher grain yield of barley
plants by 3.1-5.4 q/ha compared to the variant planted
alone.
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