American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
21
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
PAGE NO.
21-25
10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue04-06
New Varieties of Chickpea in Rainfed Fields
Haydarov Bekmurod Dusiyaevich
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan
Nahalboev Jahongir Tursinbaevich
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan
Umirzokov Azim Khonturaevich
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Jizzakh Region Agricultural Services Center, AKIS, Uzbekistan
Received:
26 February 2025;
Accepted:
22 March 2025;
Published:
25 April 2025
Abstract:
The article presents the results of research on the development of new local varieties of chickpea
adapted to unfavorable soil and climatic conditions in rainfed lands. These varieties are resistant to drought, heat,
diseases, and pests, while also being high-yielding. The study highlights the importance of incorporating
economically efficient leguminous crops into crop rotation systems to maintain and improve soil fertility, thereby
increasing production. Additionally, the research describes the development of early-maturing, drought- and
disease-resistant chickpea varieties with 15
–
20% higher yield and protein content compared to the standard
variety. The study also covers the initial seed production of promising chickpea varieties recommended for
cultivation in rainfed areas.
Keywords:
Crop, chickpea, legume, grain, variety, sample, row, hybrid, selection, crossing, standard, disease,
yield, increase, seed production, quality.
Introduction:
According to data from the international
FAO (STAT) organization, the leading countries in
chickpea production worldwide are India (8,832.5 ha)
and Australia (813.3 ha).
In Uzbekistan, the Asian type of chickpea is widely
cultivated. Its origin is considered to be Southwest Asia
(specifically between Greece and Iran) and Asia Minor.
According to Dekondol, it spread to India at a later
stage.
Ramakrichna V. and Chatrath M.S. (1988) studied the
introgression of genes from the wild species Cicer
reticulatum into the cultivated species Cicer arietinum.
Through 1-3 rounds of backcrossing between ICC 8923
(“Kabuli” type) and TZ (“Desi” type) varieties, they
managed to reduce undesirable traits. The resulting
hybrids demonstrated resistance to Ascochyta blight
disease.
During the selection process, new varieties suitable for
different conditions are developed and recommended
for large-scale cultivation. This ensures the renewal of
seed stocks, which, according to academician Gulyayev
G.V. (1991), should be done as quickly as possible for
maximum efficiency.
Dencic S. and S. Borojevic (1991) argued that high yields
are not achieved solely by frequent irrigation or
fertilization but also by selecting varieties best adapted
to specific climatic conditions.
In Uzbekistan, interspecific hybridization in chickpea
breeding has shown great success when using tall,
drought-resistant, and Ascochyta blight-tolerant local
and imported varieties. This was acknowledged in
scientific studies by K.E. Eshmirzayev (1996).
According to research by I. Ernazarov (2012), in the
rainfed fields of Kashkadarya region, chickpea has
proven to be a good predecessor crop for cereal crops,
increasing their yield by 50-60%.
Based on the analysis of the reviewed literature,
incorporating chickpea, a leguminous grain crop, into
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
22
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
crop rotation systems with cereals in rainfed areas
plays a crucial role in improving soil fertility and
increasing net income per hectare. Moreover, selecting
initial genetic sources for breeding high-yielding
varieties resistant to abiotic and biotic stress factors, as
well as improving agronomic practices for these new
varieties, remains one of the most urgent tasks in
modern agriculture.
METHODS
In the central experimental farm of the Rainfed
Agriculture Research Institute, the Laboratory of
Genetics, Breeding, and Seed Production of
Leguminous Crops conducted studies on newly
selected chickpea varieties and lines alongside local
varieties during the 2020
–
2022 breeding stages.
All agronomic practices were carried out based on the
recommendations and methodologies developed by
the Gallaorol Scientific Experimental Station of RARI in
1994. Phenological observations and field and
laboratory evaluations were conducted following the
guidelines established by the State Commission for
Crop Variety Testing (1985, 1989) and the former All-
Union Institute of Plant Industry (VIR, 1985).
The experimental data were analyzed using dispersion
mathematical analysis based on the methodology of
B.A. Dospekhov (1985).
RESULTS
Results from the control field
. In this experimental
field, 24 lines were planted in 5 m² plots, with two
replications, and Yulduz variety was used as a control.
The growing period of the Yulduz variety in this
experiment was 79 days, and compared to it, the lines
with numbers 17553, 17560, 17130, and 17443 ripened
3-4 days earlier. In terms of plant height, lines 17553,
17560, and 17290, as well as those with lower pod
placement, showed superiority over the control
variety, with lines 17142, 17245, 17358, and 17421
being more favorable. The lines with the highest
number of pods per plant (17-20 pods) were 17553,
17560, 17576, 17130, and 17261. The 1000 seed weight
of the Yulduz variety was 331 g, and the lines with
larger seeds, weighing 70-140 g or more, were 17198,
17290, 17421, and 17443. In terms of yield, the lines
17443, 17358, 17560, 17553, and 17421 were selected
for initial variety testing, as their yield was 1.1-2.2
quintals higher per hectare compared to the control
variety.
Results from the Competitive Variety Test Field
. In this
experiment, 16 pea variety samples were studied over
25 m² plots with 4 replications, totaling 64 plots over
three years. Yulduz variety was used as the control.
Observations and analyses were conducted based on
valuable characteristics and traits for agricultural use
(Figure 1).
Growth Period. According to the three-year research
results, the growth period of pea varieties and lines
ranged from 73 to 84 days on average. The growth
period of the Yulduz variety was 80 days on average
over three years, while the Lazat variety matured 7
days earlier and the Uzbekistan-32 variety matured 2
days earlier compared to the control.
Plant Height. This indicator varied over the three years
due to different weather conditions, planting times,
and the early maturity group classifications of the
varieties. Specifically, in 2020, due to higher annual
rainfall compared to other research years, all varieties
and lines had taller plants.
According to biometric analysis conducted over three
years, the plant height of the 16 varieties and lines
ranged from 35.1 to 42.3 cm, with the Yulduz variety
averaging 36.5 cm.
The experiments revealed that the following varieties
and lines had taller plants than the Yulduz variety:
Jahongir (38.2 cm), Guliston (38.0 cm), M-74 (40.4 cm),
Istiqlol (40.6 cm), and FLIP 93-93 (42.3 cm).
Pod Placement Height
. According to the research
results, this indicator averaged between 19.2 cm and
22.3 cm in the studied lines and varieties. Compared to
the control variety, the following lines and varieties had
higher pod placement heights: FLIP 93-93 (22.3 cm),
Mustaqillik-20 (21.6 cm), Jahongir (21.1 cm), Istiqlol
(21.5 cm), and 14442 (20.6 cm).
Number of Pods per Plant
. On average, over three
years, this indicator was 22.5 pods per plant for the
Yulduz variety. Higher numbers of pods were observed
in the varieties and lines Lazat, Uzbekistan-32, Iroda-96,
Javlon, and line № 14442 (Figure 1).
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
23
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
Figure 1. Valuable agricultural traits of pea varieties in the competitive variety
test field (Gallaorol, 2022-2024).
According to the analysis results, the early-maturing
pea varieties Uzbekistan-32, Javlon, and Iroda-96 had
protein swelling temperatures in the leaf ranging from
58.5°C to 59.5°C, while the late-maturing varieties
Istiqlol, Guliston, Orzu, 14442, and M-74 had swelling
temperatures between 60.5°C and 61.5°C.
Additionally, one of the factors determining drought
and heat resistance is the total water content in the
leaves during the full pod development period. The
highest water content was found in the early-maturing
Javlon variety at 69.79%, followed by Iroda-96 at
68.86%, late-maturing M-74 line at 66.88%, and
Guliston at 67.04%.
The total dry biomass weight was 73.8 g for the Yulduz
variety, and it ranged from 77.7 g (Mustaqillik-20) to
117.0 g (Iroda-96) in all the other studied varieties and
lines, as determined by physiological analysis in
laboratory conditions.
Regarding the total dry biomass weight of the plants,
the root system showed an increase of 4.8% in Iroda-96
and reached 8.8% in Istiqlol. Furthermore, the stem
weight as a percentage of total dry biomass was 14.0%
in Javlon and 28.8% in Jahongir.
In the studied varieties and lines, the leaf weight
ranged from 20.3 g to 22.8 g in early-maturing varieties
such as Lazat, Uzbekistan-32, Javlon, Jahongir, and line
14442, 13130/1, while it increased to 26.9 g to 28.8 g in
late-maturing varieties such as Orzu, Istiqlol, and
Guliston.
Pea Disease Resistance
. As described in the weather
condition analysis above, in May 2022-2024, the
amount of precipitation was lower than average for the
year, and the air temperature was higher and drier than
the multi-year average. As a result, conditions were not
favorable for the development of Ascochyta blight, a
disease that causes significant damage to peas.
Consequently, the Yulduz variety had a 20% infection
rate with this disease, Mustaqillik-20 had a 15%
infection rate, 13130/1 line had 30%, and 15165 line
had 25%. No symptoms of this disease were observed
in the other studied varieties and lines.
Number of Pods per Plant
. This indicator averaged 22.5
pods per plant for the Yulduz variety over three years.
In comparison, the number of pods was 27.2 in line
14442, 24.0 in Iroda-96, 31.8 in Lazat, and 23.4 in Nurli
Quyosh.
1000 Seed Weight
. Among the studied varieties and
lines, the smallest 1000-seed weight was found in Lazat
variety (180 g), while the largest was in M-74 (430 g).
The Yulduz variety had an average of 305 g. The 1000-
seed weight in M-74 (430 g), Guliston (375 g), Orzu
(367.5 g), and Istiqlol (352.5 g) was 47.5-125 g higher
than the control variety.
Seed Yield
. From 2020 to 2022, the seed yield of 16
varieties and lines in the competitive variety test field
varied. According to the research results over three
years, the Yulduz variety yielded an average of 8.1
quintals per hectare. Ten varieties had seed yields 0.2-
1.7 quintals higher than the Yulduz variety. Specifically:
Iroda-96: 7.6 q/ha, Nurli Quyosh, Javlon: 7.5 q/ha,
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ю
лд
уз
(s
t)
И
ро
да
-96
F
L
IP
9
3
-9
3
Ж
авл
он
Му
стақ
ил
ли
к-
20
1
4
4
4
2
1
6
1
15
02
5
(О
рзу
)
1
5
1
6
5
Н
ур
ли
қу
ёш
И
сти
қл
ол
Г
ул
ис
тон
Л
азза
т
Ж
аҳ
он
ги
р
Ў
збе
кис
тон
-32
М
-74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Ўсув даври,
Ўсимлик бўйи,
Пастки
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
24
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
Mustaqillik-20: 8.5 q/ha, Line 14442: 8.8 q/ha, Line
15025 (Orzu): 8.3 q/ha, Lazat: 7.5 q/ha, Jahongir: 7.6
q/ha. A complete description of these indicators is
shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Disease resistance, productivity elements, and yield of pea varieties in the
competitive variety test field (Gallaorol, 2022-2024).
Compared to the control variety, in the pea sample
nursery, it was found that there were 28 very early-
maturing and 165 early-maturing samples, 105 with
taller plants (5-15 cm), 201 with a 1000-seed weight
greater than 350 g, and 27 with higher yields (115.1-
135% compared to the control Yulduz variety).
In the first-year selection nursery, 11 very early-
maturing and 147 early-maturing samples were
identified. Among them, 58 had taller plants, 107 had
larger seeds, and 12 had high yields, which were
selected for the next stage of breeding.
In the second-year selection nursery, 9 very early-
maturing, 36 early-maturing, 12 with taller plants, 79
with higher 1000-seed weight, 15 with higher yields,
and 8 with very high yields (lines No. 17538, 17553,
17584, 17627, 17132, etc.) were identified.
In the control variety test field, compared to the Yulduz
variety, the early-maturing lines 17553, 17560, 17130,
and 17443, as well as the high-yielding lines 17443,
17358, 17560, 17553, and 17421, were selected for the
next breeding stage.
Based on the three-year research results in the
competitive variety test field, compared to the Yulduz
variety, the following lines were superior in specific
traits:
Early-maturing: Lazat, Uzbekistan-32, Iroda-96, Taller
plants: FLIP 93-93, Istiqlol, M-74, Guliston, Jahongir,
Higher 1000-seed weight: M-74, Guliston, Orzu, Istiqlol,
Higher seed yield: No. 14442, No. 15025 Orzu,
Mustaqillik-20, Jahongir.
CONCLUSION
Regardless of weather conditions, the varieties that are
resistant to drought, heat, and disease, as well as early-
maturing, include Lazat, Uzbekistan-32, Iroda-96.
Varieties with taller plants include FLIP 93-93, Istiqlol,
M-74, Guliston, Jahongir. Varieties with higher 1000-
seed weight include M-74, Guliston, Orzu, Istiqlol.
Varieties with higher yield include No. 14442, No.
15025 Orzu, Mustaqillik-20, Jahongir.
REFERENCES
Алиқулов Ғ.Н. Тоғли лалмикор ерларда ўтмишдош
нўхат навларининг буғдой ҳосилдорлигига таъсири.
Автореф. дис. қ.х.ф.н. Тошкент. 2012
Большой
энциклопедический
словарь
лекарственных растений, 2015, с. 382.
Задорин А. Д. Проблемы научного обеспечения
производства зерно
-
бобовых и крупяных культур. А.
Д.Задорин / Земледелие. 2002. № 5. с. 43
-48.
Ҳамдамов И.Ҳ., Шукуруллаев П.Ш. Результаты
изучения
кормовых
сортов
образцов
нута.
Проблемы интенсификации кормопроизводство
поливного земледелия. // Научные труды. Ташкент.
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Юлдуз (st)
Ирода-96
FLIP 93-93
Жавлон
Мустақиллик-20
14 442
161
15025 (Орзу)
15 165
Нурли қуёш
Истиқлол
Гулистон
Лаззат
Жаҳонгир
Ўзбекистон-32
М-74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
2022 йил
аскохитоз
касаллиги билан
зарарланиши, %
1 туп
ўсимликдаги
дуккаклар сони,
дона
1000 дона
Ҳосилдорлик
Андозадан
фарқи.
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations
25
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi
American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559)
1991. с. 57
-59.
Ҳамдамов И., Мавлонов Б., Джумаев М. Нўхат
ниҳолларининг униб чиқиши ва ривожланиш
фазаларига минерал ўғитларнинг таъсири //Ж. Агро
илм.
- 2010. 1 (13). -
Б.15.
Эрназаров И. Нўхат
-
ерга қуввату чўнтакка даромад
//Ж. Agrobiznes Inform.
- 2012. -
№ 1. б. 28.
Эшмирзаев Қ.Э. Биология и селекция зернобобовых
культур в Узбекистане (на примере нута и каянуса).
Ташкент. 1996. с. 129.
Dencic S. and S.Borojevic. 2021. «Organization and
utilization of wheat gene banк in Novi Sad, Yugoslavia.
J.Genetic and Breeding 45:251-256.
Singh, Mohar; Upadhyaya, Hari D.; Bisht, I. S. (Eds).
Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume
Improvement.
—
Elsevier, 2013.
—
p. 81-82.
Ramakrichna V. Chatrath M.S. Uptake of carbendazim
and tridemorph by germination chickpea (Cicer
arietinum) seed. J nuch. Agr. Biol. 1988.17.3.172. //
Защита с/х раст
-
й от вредителей и болезней.
Москва. 1990. № 5. с. 29.
