Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
18
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
Pages:
18-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article presents the influence of organomineral and biological preparations on the growth and development of
cotton seedlings in conditions of irrigated typical sierozem. Also, depending on the degree of soil erosion, the growth
rate of cotton varies. According to the data obtained, higher rates were observed in the option with the use of
biological product Rizokom-1 and in the collected soil compared to other options.
KEYWORDS
Irrigated, typical sierozems, eroded soil, slightly washed-out, moderately washed-out, washed-out, cotton, mineral
fertilizers, biological products, fertility, relief.
INTRODUCTION
Rational use and protection of land from wind and
water soil erosion is one of the most important
national economic tasks of modern agricultural
science.
Of particular importance for the development of
agriculture is not only the fight against soil erosion, but
the restoration of the fertility of eroded soils. The
problem of increasing the fertility of irrigated lands has
become especially urgent. In the conditions of irrigated
agriculture in Central Asia, where highly hilly terrain
dominates, agricultural measures to combat erosion
are not always carried out taking into account the
characteristics of these soils, as a result of which the
physical, water-physical, agrochemical, biological and
other properties of the soil deteriorate. A negative
consequence of erosion is a decrease in the content of
nutrients, which leads to a sharp decrease in soil
Research Article
EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS AND ORGANIC
FERTILIZERS FOR COTTON ON IRRIGATED ERODED TYPICAL SIROZEMS
Submission Date:
February 11, 2024,
Accepted Date:
February 16, 2024,
Published Date:
February 21, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume04Issue02-04
Kamilov Bobir Sultonovich
Phd., Agricultural Sciences Associate Professor, Uzbekistan
Mahkamova Aliya Shinibaevna
Assistant., Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tsau, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
19
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
Pages:
18-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
fertility, due to the decrease in the yield of sown crops
and the quality of the resulting products deteriorates.
Kh. Akhadov emphasizes that the role of soybean in
improving soil properties and increasing productivity is
very great. During the growing season of soybean,
nitrogen in the soil increased by 0.079% (in the soil
sample before the experiment, nitrogen was 0.069%),
phosphorus - by 0.021-0.017%, humus - by 0.021-0.035%
compared to the control variant. [1]
Crops planted as green manure develop differently in
the soil depending on the type of root system.
Kenzhaev Yu., Oripov R. in experiments conducted on
meadow-gray soils, the provision of plants with roots
was 188.9 g per 1 m2 of the control variant; 354.1 g in a
mixture of chickpeas + rapeseed + peas; 195.8 g in
barley+soy; 205.4 g in peas; in rye 280.2 g; in barley -
201.7 grams. Planting green manure crops on land
freed from grain, growing 11.6-36.2 tons of green mass
per hectare by October-November, incorporating it
into the soil, going through the rotting process until
early
spring,
contributed
to
improving
the
agrophysical, chemical and biological properties of the
soil, increasing cotton yield and achieving improved
fiber quality [7].
Nitrogen is one of the limiting nutrients for plant
growth. Higher plants obtain nitrogen from the soil
either in the form of nitrates or ammonium ions, and
nitrate is an important source of nitrogen for crops. G.I.
Dzhumaniyazova and others developed a biological
product with complex action, Rizocom-1, based on
mudflow-resistant phosphomobilizing rhizobacteria of
cotton [3]. When a biological product is introduced into
the soil by pre-sowing treatment of cotton seeds,
phosphorus-mobilizing rhizobacteria actively develop
in the root zone of cotton in saline soil and activate the
development of nitrogen cycle microorganisms,
especially nitrifiers. When using the biological
preparation Rizocom-1 in the soil during the budding
phase, the number of nitrifiers increased by 2 orders of
magnitude (from 4.4 to 6.4 lg CFU/g of soil), the activity
of nitrate reductase practically did not change, the N-
NH4 content increased by 7.3 mg/g kg of soil (from 12.5
to 19.8 mg/kg of soil) compared to the control
(traditional cotton sowing) against the background of
full mineral fertilizer.
The data obtained indicate that, under the influence of
the biological product Rizocom-1, activation of the
nitrogen cycle components
—
the number of nitrifiers,
nitrate reductase activity, and mobile forms of
nitrogen (N-NH4)
—
in saline soils occurs, which led to
an improvement in nitrogen nutrition of cotton plants.
Object and methods of research: The object of our
research was the soil of the farm Tulepov Said Akhmad,
Piskent district, Tashkent region. The soils of the
studied object are represented by irrigated typical
sierozems, meadow, and sierozem-meadow soils. The
territory of the farm is located in the western part of
the right bank of the lower reaches of the Angren River
and
is
located,
according
to
A.Z.Genusov,
B.V.Gorbunov and N.V.Kimberg (1964) in the Chirchik
Angren soil-climatic district, in the middle of a vast
contour of irrigated typical gray soils. On the territory
of the farm, in lithological and geomorphological
terms, the III, IV and above-floodplain terraces of the
Angren River are distinguished. They are characterized
by hilly and ridged terrain. The ridges are wide with
gentle slopes, so the soils are eroded to varying
degrees. Logo-shaped depressions are identified
between the shafts. It should be noted that typical gray
soils, regardless of geomorphological location and the
degree of erosion from the surface, are high-
carbonate. In the upper horizons the content is 6-7%.
However, in soils subject to erosion processes, this
level of carbonates remains up to a depth of 40-50 cm,
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
20
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
Pages:
18-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
then a sharp increase is observed and in the middle
part they reach 9-10%.
The farm was chosen as an object of research due to
the fact that its territory contains soil types
characteristic of the irrigation zone of the Tashkent
region. The terrain, land reclamation conditions, and
agricultural crops are also typical. Experimental studies
to study the processes of irrigation erosion were
carried out on eroded irrigated typical gray soils
occupied by cotton. The study was conducted in 3
periods. During the field period, sections were laid
according to the degree of soil erosion, morphological
descriptions were made, and soil samples were taken
along genetic horizons for analysis.
Agrochemical analyzes of soils were carried out
according to the method generally accepted in
agrochemistry
(Methods
of
agrochemical,
agrophysical and microbiological studies in irrigated
cotton areas, Tashkent, 1999; Methods of chemical
analyzes of soil, used in the laboratory of mass analysis,
Tashkent, 2005). Soil pH was measured using a
standard mercury chloride electrode with automatic
temperature compensation. Aggregate analysis was
carried out according to the method of N.I.Savinov by
fractionating the soil on a column of sieves in an air-dry
state, the water strength of the soil structure was
determined using the device of I.M.Baksheev.
Results of the study and their discussion: It is known
that the mineral absorption of plants on irrigated
lands, that is, obtaining a high and high-quality harvest,
is closely related to the vital activity of microorganisms
in the soil. Therefore, the question of the connection
between the development of agricultural crops and
the composition and quality of mineral fertilizers
applied to the soil is being studied. That is why the
production of biological fertilizers and their practical
application attract the attention of many scientists in
foreign countries and in our country.
To identify the effect of the biological product against
the background of NPK on the growth and
development of cotton in laboratory experiments, we
carried out phenological observations from the day of
sowing the seeds at the beginning of each decade. The
observation results are presented in the diagram.
Before we begin to discuss the results of the influence
(biological products) on the growth and development
of cotton, it should be noted that the differences
between the productive capacity of slightly washed-
out and medium-washed soil are clearly manifested
from the early phases of cotton development. As a
rule, eroded soils in an irrigated zone have insufficient
amounts of organic matter and other nutrients, so they
are more responsive to fertilizer application than non-
eroded soils of that genetic type. Therefore, an analysis
of modern practices in the use of fertilizers indicates
that in recent years, despite an increase in per-hectare
norms of mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen-
phosphorus fertilizers, cotton yields are not growing,
and in some cases there is a tendency to decrease.
Therefore, in conditions of intensive farming, the
development of nutrition issues and the use of mineral
fertilizers for cotton to obtain a high and early-ripening
crop with good fiber quality should include a complete
and balanced provision of the needs of this crop not
only for basic nutrients (NPK), but also for non-
traditional types of fertilizers.
From this point of view, in our studies Rizocom-1. We
used biological product 1. Because the decomposition
of organic substances occurs due to the biological
absorption of organic substances in the soil with the
help of microorganisms.
Also, the irrigated soils of our republic are, by their
nature, not rich in humus, and their use in agriculture
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
21
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
Pages:
18-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
often leads to a decrease in the amount of humus. To
prevent this situation and achieve a humus balance
without deficiency in irrigated soils, it is necessary to
annually apply 10-15 tons of manure per hectare of
land. According to the Agricultural Research and
Production Center of Uzbekistan, the amount of
manure collected in our republic is 5-6 tons per hectare
of land. Therefore, one of the most pressing issues in
the development of agriculture is the development of
new ways to enrich soils with organic substances and
use them in production. Therefore, the influence of the
organomineral fertilizer sodium humate on the
chemical-agrochemical, physical and agrophysical
properties of soils, particle size distribution, structure,
density and productivity of agricultural crops in the
conditions of irrigated gray soils in the Tashkent region
is being studied. The influence of non-traditional
fertilizers on achieving a humus-free balance in
irrigated soils under the influence of sodium humate
was studied.
This sodium humate is an organo-mineral fertilizer
obtained from coal mine waste, when applied to the
soil, agrochemical and microbiological processes in the
soil are studied. Our studies were carried out using 4
variants and 3 replications. The influence of Rizocom-1,
sodium humate, chicken manure against the
background of NPK on the growth and development of
cotton.
It was found that the application of these organo-
mineral fertilizers and biological preparations had a
positive effect on the daily growth rate of cotton.
Figure-1
The influence of organic fertilizers and biological products on the growth and development of cotton seedlings
over a 30-day period (cm)
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
22
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
Pages:
18-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Experimental options were formed in laboratory
conditions using slightly eroded, moderately eroded,
reclaimed soils brought from the Piskent district of the
Tashkent region. First, the soil was placed in separate
containers according to the degree of erosion and
seeds were planted in laboratory conditions. In each of
the pots a control, Rizocom-1, sodium humate and
chicken manure were formed. From the day of
germination, the growth rate of cotton was observed
every 10 days according to the variants. In all variants
on moderately eroded soils, the growth rate of cotton
was higher in the Fon+sodium humate option and the
Fon+Rizocom-1 option (Fig. 1)
As can be seen from the diagram, as a result of changes
in soil properties depending on the degree of erosion,
a change in the growth and development of cotton
was noted.
We observed that the dry and wet mass of cotton
seedlings was affected by organic and biological
products. In our studies, a high growth rate of cotton
was achieved in the Von-Rizocom-1 variant. The second
place was noted in the variant Background + sodium
humate in washed away, reclaimed soils (Fig. 2).
Figure - 2
The influence of organic fertilizers and biological products on the growth and development of cotton seedlings
over a 30-day period (cm)
The dry mass of cotton seedlings was also observed to
depend on the level of fertilizer application and erosion
over a 30-day period. At the same time, the
Fon+Rizocom-1 option has the highest indicator, i.e. in
moderately eroded soils the total number of plants (2)
weight is 0.005 g, the weight of leaves and stems is
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
23
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
Pages:
18-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
0.003 g, the weight of roots is 0.002 g. In reclaimed
soils this indicator was 0.007 g, 0.006 g and 0.001 g. In
general, according to the data obtained as a result of
all our observations, we can say that the growth and
development of cotton seedlings was observed higher
on washed away and reclaimed soils compared to the
control variant.
CONCLUSIONS
In irrigated eroded typical gray soils, the use of
organomineral fertilizers made on the basis of
biologically active substances, various manures and
wastes is of great importance in increasing productivity
and obtaining high yields of agricultural crops. Of
course, as a result of such fertilizing of crops on eroded
soils, it leads to an increase in the content of humus in
the soil and the creation of favorable biological
conditions.
The difference in the productive capacity of weakly
washed away, moderately washed away and washed
out soils is especially clearly revealed when comparing
the growth and development of cotton.
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Dzhumaniyazova G.I., Babina A.E. and others.
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