Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
23
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
Pages:
23-30
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
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(2023:
7.063
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, the object, subject, main tasks and problems of the methodology of geography education, as well as
definitions and descriptions of the concepts of methodology, enlightenment, didactics and modern didactics, the
object of pedagogy, the methodology of geography education are studied. problems, general and specific
methodology of geography education and modern methodology of geography education are discussed
KEYWORDS
UNESCO, geography, methodology of geography education, methodology, education , didactics, modern didactics,
pedagogy, object, subject, method, method, tool, forms of education, general methodology, specific methodology,
geographic teaching, geographic study, geographic information, geographic knowledge, geographic skills,
geographic skills, geographic competence, geographical thinking.
INTRODUCTION
In UNESCO's recommendations for 21st century
education, geography is included among the four basic
universal fields of knowledge, along with philosophy,
history and foreign languages. This recognition
indicates the national and universal importance of
geography and geography education.
Geography education is a scientifically based
pedagogical process aimed at mastering geographical
knowledge, skills and abilities of learners, developing
creative power and internal capabilities, forming
worldview values and the ability to acquire knowledge
through independent study. In pedagogical practice,
the implementation of this scientific vision is realized
through the methodology of geography education.
A methodology is a set of methods for doing
something. The methodology is based on the method.
The word "method" means "method", "way", "
methodike" is a method of organizing or researching
an activity, a way to solve a problem, in other words, a
clear, simple solution to a problem. means the rules.
Research Article
SUBJECT TASKS AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF GEOGRAPHY
EDUCATION METHODOLOGY
Submission Date:
November 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
November 25, 2023,
Published Date:
November 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume03Issue11-05
Farkhod Saidamatov
Senior Teacher Of Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizomi, Ph.D. Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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Therefore, the educational methodology appears as
the basis of the didactic process.
A person's entry into the world of civilization and
culture takes place through the transfer of
accumulated knowledge and life experience from one
generation to another. Generational consistency and
the order of emergence and continuation of human
socialization practice is an educational system.
Enlightenment is a social phenomenon and process.
Enlightenment is a separate, unique system that
includes value in society, social consciousness and
personality structures, that is, one of the important
areas of social life. Enlightenment - introduces
humanity to worldly values, scientific and technical
achievements and is an environment of interaction
between people. The intellectual-spiritual and cultural
-ethical potential of any society is directly dependent
on enlightenment. The spirituality, ideology and
culture of any person or society begins with
enlightenment. So, enlightenment is a general form of
development of a certain person and society.
The main pedagogical concepts representing scientific
generalization are called pedagogical categories. The
concepts
of
"enlightenment",
"education",
"education" are among the main pedagogical
categories. Also, in the science of pedagogy, work is
done on the basis of general scientific categories such
as
"personality
formation",
"personality
development", which are considered as concepts
describing the maturity of a person.
Didactics (from the Greek didaktikós "teaching,
instructing") is a separate branch of pedagogy and
enlightenment theory and practice that studies
educational problems, knowledge, skills and abilities
determines the laws of adaptation and the formation
of beliefs, as well as the size and structure of the
content of enlightenment. In other words, the term
"didactics" means "teaching", "teaching" and is an
educational theory that scientifically substantiates the
educational process, its content, laws and principles,
methods and tools, and organizational forms. In the
works of our great thinkers: Muhammad al-Khwarazmi,
Abu Nasr Farabi, Abu Rayhan Beruni, Eastern didactic
views on education, that is, teaching and learning, that
is, the acquisition of knowledge, the formation of skills
and competencies, and the educational and
educational possibilities of various training sessions are
revealed .
The term didactics was first used by the German
pedagogue W. Rathke (1571-1635) in his lecture
"Didactics or the art of education" (1613) as a scientific
direction that researches the theoretical and
methodological foundations of a particular subject.
lanned. The fundamental scientific foundations of
didactics were developed by the Czech scientist Ya.A.
Developed by Comenius. He is 1657 In 1990 , he wrote
the work "Great Didactic" in Czech d interprets
didactics as "the art of teaching everyone everything "
. Therefore, Ya.A. In Comenius ' didactics, "what to
teach?", "what to teach?", "where to teach?", "how to
teach?" such questions are answered in a unique way.
Currently, it is accepted to distinguish the object of
study and the subject of sciences. The object of study
is an area of reality studied or researched by a certain
science , its subject is a specific feature of the object of
study or a way of looking at it from the point of view of
this science. From this point of view, the object of
didactics is the field of education, that is, the joint
activity of the teacher and the learner, the subject is
teaching (teacher's activity) and reading. (learner's
activity) is the interrelationship between the process,
their factors, conditions, and results.
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Tasks of didactics To solve the problems of teaching or
learning who, what, when, where and how, they can be
summarized as follows:
1)
justification and description of the educational
process and the conditions for its implementation;
2)
organization of the educational process and
research of modern educational processes;
3)
creation of new teaching (teaching) and reading
(learning) systems;
4)
development and implementation of innovative
educational technologies.
The concept of "private didactics" is used together
with the concept of "didactics" in the theory and
practice of pedagogy. Special didactics is an
educational methodology for some academic subjects,
which studies the specific laws of the teaching and
learning process of the relevant subject, develops its
technological system (complex).
Modern didactics is a science of educational theories
and technologies, and each educational subject has its
own educational methodology according to its goals,
tasks, content and technologies (set of methods,
forms and tools). is distinguished by ownership. From
this point of view, the methodology of geography
education, like any academic subject, appears as a
private didactics. Therefore, geography education
methodology is one of the pedagogical disciplines.
Each educational method has its own learning object
and subject, and to clearly distinguish between them, a
correct understanding of the object and subject of
pedagogy and didactics is required.
The object of pedagogy is the field of enlightenment,
the subject of which has arisen due to human life and
activity in social reality. - Pedagogical processes
(education, independent study, upbringing, self-
education, in other words, processes of physical,
intellectual, moral and cultural development of a
person) that ensure the development of a person
during his life . Therefore, the science of pedagogy
assumes the goal of education, that is, the formation
and development of a perfect person - a perfect person
capable of preserving and enriching the cultural values
of society.
Didactics , as we mentioned above, is a branch of
pedagogy, its object is the field of education, that is,
the joint activity of the teacher and the learner , the
subject is teaching and learning processes. (factors,
conditions, results).
Based on these definitions, the object and subject of
the methodology of geography education can be
described as follows: the object of the methodology of
geography education is geographical enlightenment,
which creates a holistic pedagogical process aimed at
personal development, all its components parts, in a
narrow sense, geography education, that is, teaching
and learning processes, the subject of which is the
basics of geography closely related to it (cartography,
geology, ecology, environmental protection, economy
etc.) are teaching and learning processes together
with elements of subjects.
geography is a subject of general secondary, secondary
special, professional and higher education, then
geography education , as mentioned above, aims to
acquire geographical knowledge, skills, skills and
competences of learners. It is a pedagogical process
aimed at self-development, development of creative
power and internal capabilities, formation of
worldview values and independent learning skills,
geography education methodology is one of the main
specialization subjects of higher geographical
education.
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The methodology of geography education is a branch
of pedagogical knowledge, it defines the goals and
tasks of geography as an educational subject, develops
the content of school geography as a whole and its
separate courses, studies the process of geography
education as a whole, researches the organizational
forms of organizing geography education, develops
teaching tools (equipment) in geography and the
methodology of their use, determines the methods
and methods of geography education, geographical
study of students and the formation of geographical
culture in them determines the rational ways, provides
the future geography teachers with the content of
school geography, the age characteristics of students
and the pedagogical process, scientifically based and
practically proven methods of education and training.
The methodology of geography education studies the
following problems and seeks answers to the noted
pedagogical questions:
1)
the goals of geography education, i.e. "why should
geography be taught (taught) and read
(learned)?";
2)
the content of geography education, that is, "what
should be taught (taught) and studied (learned) in
geography?";
3)
methods and organizational forms of geography
education, that is, "how to teach (teach) and read
(learn) geography?";
4)
means of geography education, that is, "what
should be used to teach (teach) and read (learn)
geography?";
5)
to form and stimulate the experience of
geographic creative activity and emotional-value
relations in students, i.e. "how to form the
personality of a creative, productive learner?" and
so on.
According to tradition, in the methodology of
geography education, the general methodology of
geography education and the private methodology of
geography education are distinguished.
The general methodology of geography education
studies geography education as a whole, a whole
process, proves the laws of this process, defines the
goals and tasks of geography education, develops its
content, determines educational methods, tools and
forms.
The special methodology of geography education is
based on the laws and conclusions determined by the
general methodology of geography education, the
specific features of the teaching of separate courses in
school geography, some methodological issues (for
example, the formation of knowledge, skills or
competencies, or the climate learning methodology,
etc.) learns.
Geography education or geographical education - to
acquire geographical scientific knowledge, skills,
qualifications and competencies of learners , to
develop geographical creative ability, geographical
outlook and geographical beliefs, to organize active
geographical educational activities is a pedagogical
process aimed at achieving and encouraging .
The main concept of private didactics, that is, the
methodology of geography education, is "geography
education" ("geographic education"), and its essence
is "geographic teaching", "geographic reading" ,
"geographic knowledge", "geographic knowledge",
"geographic
skills",
"geographic
competence",
"geographic competence", as well as "the purpose of
geography education", "the content of geography
education", "geography ta the interdependence of
several specific concepts such as "language methods",
"geography education tools", "geography education
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organizational forms", "geography education control",
"geography education results" and will be disclosed in
relation to
Geographical teaching - is one of the components of
the geography education process and represents the
activity of the geography teacher related to the
management of the geographical learning activities of
the learners.
Geographical study - is one of the components of the
geography education process and represents the
activities of students related to the process of
acquiring geographical knowledge, skills, skills and
competencies.
Geographic information - represents the geographic
level (level) achieved by learners in acquiring
geographic knowledge, skills, skills and competencies,
geographic thinking and methods of activity.
Geographical knowledge is the ability of learners to
recall and re-explain learned geographic information
(information).
Geographical skill - students' ability to apply learned
geographical knowledge in familiar situations.
Geographic qualification - learners' ability to apply
learned geographic knowledge and developed
geographic skills in unfamiliar situations and create
new geographic knowledge.
Geographic competence - the ability of learners to
apply existing geographical knowledge, skills and
abilities in their daily practical activities.
The purpose of geography education is the basis
(educational, educational, developmental goals) and
results (geographical culture) that organize (organize)
and direct the process of geography education,
determine its content, methods, tools and forms.
The content of geography education is the acquisition
of geographical knowledge, skills, skills and
competences that ensure personal development, the
experience of geographical creative activity and the
pedagogical adaptation of the system of geographical
emotional-value relations to the surrounding world. In
other words, the content of geography education
includes four components:
1) geographical knowledge - cognitive activity
experience;
2) geographical skills and competences - the
experience of mastering previously known methods of
activity;
3) experience of geographical creative activity - the
ability to make decisions in problematic, unknown
situations;
4) the experience of emotional-valuable relationship to
the geographical environment - geographical
competence (the ability to aim in space, know the
"language" of geography and the ability to connect
events to a specific place in space) and possession of
geographic culture.
of geography education - geographic educational
activities that differ from each other in the didactic
purpose, the composition of students, the place and
duration of classes, the content of the activities of the
geography teacher and students. represents the types.
geography education represent the jointly regulated
methods (ways) of the geography teacher and
students to achieve the specified geographical
educational goals.
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Geography education method - is a component of the
geographical education method, and represents
certain actions that are used once in the
implementation of a certain method (for example, the
geographical education method - working with
geographical literature, the geographical education
method - textualization of some topics in the work by
small groups).
Geography education tools - used as a carrier of
educational information (source of knowledge) and as
a tool for the activities of teachers and learners in a
geographical educational environment (process) to
achieve the goals of geographic education, upbringing
and personal development. represent natural and
anthropogenic
geographical
objects,
technical
equipment.
Control of geography education is a mandatory
component of the geography education process, a tool
for checking the results of educational work; it
provides feedback and is a factor of regulating
(correcting) the learning process.
The results of geography education represent the
acquired geographical knowledge, skills, skills and
competences, as well as the formed geographical
culture.
The methodology of geography education is closely
related to pedagogy, in particular, didactics, which
itself is a special didactics, i.e. didactics of the
educational subject. The study of certain educational
subjects has its own characteristics: some serve to
provide theoretical knowledge, others - to form skills
and competencies, etc. Therefore, in the process of
teaching some academic subjects at school, the
characteristics of the manifestation of the general laws
of education and upbringing are considered in the
educational methodology or private didactics,
including the methodology of geography education.
The methodology of geography education is based on
didactics, which is the general scientific basis of the
methodology of all educational subjects.
The modern methodology of geography education is
characterized by the following detailed (universal)
directions characteristic of a holistic education system:
1)
humanization (humanization) - first of all, a new
worldview that takes into account people's lives
and their social relations and decides (implements)
universal human values;
2)
socialization (sociologization) - a general direction
consisting of increased attention to the social
aspects of development in all disciplines;
3)
ecologization (ecologization) - looking at a person
in an integral relationship with the living
environment around him;
4)
economicization (economization) - connection
with the transition to a market economy;
5)
politicization (politicization) - increased attention
to the processes taking place on the political map;
creation of generalized (for example, separate regional
studies or local studies) courses in which general,
regional-national and local geographical knowledge
are closely connected and integrated.
The solution of current problems in the field of
geography
education
methodology
and
its
development prospects can be provided in the
following ways:
1) development of the most necessary set of
geographical knowledge, skills and qualifications
recognized at the national and international level for
every modern person;
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2) development and implementation of a new plan of
geography
education
based
on
competence
formation;
3) promoting the interests of geography and
geography education in the national government and
international organizations (UNESCO, European
Union, International Geographical Union, etc.);
4) study and spread of advanced pedagogical
experiences in geography education, as well as
development of recommendations for teaching
geography in various educational institutions;
5) to organize a competition of the Geographical
Society of Uzbekistan to determine the best
geography textbook, study guide and teaching-
methodological complex for various types of general
secondary and secondary special and higher
educational institutions, and participation in the
competitions of the International Geographical Union
through;
6) organization of summer schools of the Geographical
Society of Uzbekistan for young geographers;
7) organizing a special day of young geographers at the
traditional conferences of the Geographical Society of
Uzbekistan;
8) participation in national and international
geographical festivals, Olympiads and similar events
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