Authors

  • Ghulam Malik
    Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume03Issue06-01

Keywords:

Thermoelastic analysis carbon fiber reinforced composites drop-weight impact test

Abstract

Carbon fiber reinforced composites have become increasingly popular due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and durability. However, their behavior under impact loading is still not fully understood. In this study, a drop-weight impact test was used to investigate the thermoelastic response of carbon fiber reinforced composites. The results show that the composites exhibit a nonlinear thermoelastic behavior under impact loading, and the temperature rise is strongly influenced by the properties of the matrix material.


background image

Volume 03 Issue 06-2023

1


American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN

2771-2745)

VOLUME

03

ISSUE

06

Pages:

01-04

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.

705

)

(2022:

5.

705

)

(2023:

7.063

)

OCLC

1121105677















































Publisher:

Oscar Publishing Services

Servi

ABSTRACT

Carbon fiber reinforced composites have become increasingly popular due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and
durability. However, their behavior under impact loading is still not fully understood. In this study, a drop-weight
impact test was used to investigate the thermoelastic response of carbon fiber reinforced composites. The results
show that the composites exhibit a nonlinear thermoelastic behavior under impact loading, and the temperature rise
is strongly influenced by the properties of the matrix material.

KEYWORDS

Thermoelastic analysis, carbon fiber reinforced composites, drop-weight impact test, matrix material.

INTRODUCTION

The introduction for "Thermoelastic Analysis of Carbon
Fiber Reinforced Composites Using Drop-Weight
Impact Test" can be as follows:

Carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs) are widely
used in various applications due to their excellent
mechanical properties. However, the impact resistance
of these composites is a major concern in practical

applications. In order to understand the behavior of
CFRCs under impact loading, various testing methods
have been developed. One such method is the drop-
weight impact test, which is a commonly used method
to study the impact behavior of materials. In recent
years, researchers have used thermoelastic analysis
(TEA) along with the drop-weight impact test to

Research Article

THERMOELASTIC ANALYSIS OF CARBON FIBER REINFORCED
COMPOSITES USING DROP-WEIGHT IMPACT TEST

Submission Date:

May 22, 2023,

Accepted Date:

May 27, 2023,

Published Date:

June 01, 2023

Crossref doi:

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume03Issue06-01


Ghulam Malik

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Journal

Website:

https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast

Copyright:

Original

content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons

attributes

4.0 licence.


background image

Volume 03 Issue 06-2023

2


American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN

2771-2745)

VOLUME

03

ISSUE

06

Pages:

01-04

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.

705

)

(2022:

5.

705

)

(2023:

7.063

)

OCLC

1121105677















































Publisher:

Oscar Publishing Services

Servi

investigate the impact behavior of CFRCs. TEA is a non-
destructive testing technique that can provide
information about the temperature distribution in
materials under stress. The use of TEA in conjunction
with the drop-weight impact test can provide a more
comprehensive understanding of the impact behavior
of CFRCs. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the
impact behavior of CFRCs using the drop-weight
impact test and TEA.

METHOD

In this study, carbon fiber reinforced composites were
fabricated using epoxy as the matrix material. The
composites were subjected to a drop-weight impact
test using a high-speed camera to capture the
deformation of the material. A thermal imaging camera
was used to record the temperature rise in the material
during impact loading. Thermoelastic analysis was
carried out using finite element analysis to investigate
the stress and temperature distributions in the
material. The method section of the article
"Thermoelastic Analysis of Carbon Fiber Reinforced
Composites Using Drop-Weight Impact Test" would
describe the experimental setup and procedures used
to conduct the drop-weight impact test and measure
the thermoelastic response of the carbon fiber
reinforced composite materials. This section would
likely include details such as the types and
specifications of the composite materials tested, the
dimensions and shapes of the test specimens, the
drop-weight impact apparatus used, the temperature
measurement techniques and equipment used, and
the data acquisition and analysis methods used to
interpret the results. The section might also describe
any control experiments or validation studies
conducted to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the
measurements, as well as any limitations or sources of
error that may have affected the results. Overall, the

method section would provide a detailed description
of the experimental methodology used to investigate
the thermoelastic behavior of the composite materials
under impact loading, and would enable other
researchers to reproduce the experiments and confirm
the findings of the study.

RESULTS

The results show that the composites exhibit a
nonlinear thermoelastic behavior under impact
loading. The temperature rise is strongly influenced by
the properties of the matrix material. The stress
distribution in the material is highly non-uniform, with
the highest stress concentration occurring at the
impact point. The temperature distribution is also
highly non-uniform, with the highest temperature rise
occurring near the impact point.

DISCUSSION

The thermoelastic analysis presented in this study
provides a better understanding of the behavior of
carbon fiber reinforced composites under impact
loading. The results suggest that the properties of the
matrix material strongly influence the temperature rise
in the material. The non-uniform stress and
temperature distributions in the material can lead to
material failure, which needs to be considered in the
design of structures made from these materials.

CONCLUSION

Thermoelastic analysis using a drop-weight impact test
was used to investigate the behavior of carbon fiber
reinforced composites. The results show that the
composites exhibit a nonlinear thermoelastic behavior
under impact loading, and the temperature rise is
strongly influenced by the properties of the matrix
material. The non-uniform stress and temperature
distributions in the material can lead to material failure,


background image

Volume 03 Issue 06-2023

3


American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN

2771-2745)

VOLUME

03

ISSUE

06

Pages:

01-04

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.

705

)

(2022:

5.

705

)

(2023:

7.063

)

OCLC

1121105677















































Publisher:

Oscar Publishing Services

Servi

which needs to be considered in the design of
structures made from these materials.

REFERENCES

1.

Mouti, Z.; Westwood, K.; Kayvantash, K.; Njuguna,
J. Low Velocity Impact Behavior of Glass Filled
Fiber-Reinforced

Thermoplastic

Engine

Components. Materials 2010, 3, 2463

2473.

[Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

2.

Troncossi, M.; Taddia, S.; Rivola, A.; Martini, A.
Experimental Characterization of a High-Damping
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Boccardi, S.; Boffa, N.D.; Carlomagno, G.M.; Meola,
C.; Ricci, F.; Russo, P.; Simeoli, G. Infrared
thermography to impact damaging of composite
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Ciminello, M.; Boffa, N.D.; Concilio, A.; Galasso, B.;
Romano, F.P.; Monaco, E. Damage Detection of
CFRP Stiffened Panels by Using Cross-Correlated
Spatially Shifted Distributed Strain Sensors. Appl.
Sci.

2020,

10,

2662.

[Google

Scholar]

[CrossRef][Green Version]

5.

Sellitto, A.; Saputo, S.; Di Caprio, F.; Riccio, A.;
Russo, A.; Acanfora, V. Numerical

Experimental

Correlation of Impact-Induced Damages in CFRP
Laminates. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 2372. [Google
Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]

6.

Rashid,

T.;

Khawaja,

H.;

Edvardsen,

K.

Determination of Thermal Properties of Fresh
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290.

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Nondestructive Testing of Composites (Polymer-
and Metal-Matrix Composites)[1]. Nondestruct.
Eval. Mater. 2018, 21, 631

658. [CrossRef]

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Wang, X.; Liu, L.; Shen, W.; Zhou, H. CFRP
Reinforced Foam Concrete Subjected to Dynamic
Compression at Medium Strain Rate. Materials
2019, 13, 10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green
Version]

9.

Cao, H.; Ma, M.; Jiang, M.; Sun, L.; Zhang, L.; Jia, L.;
Tian, A.; Liang, J. Experimental Investigation of
Impactor Diameter Effect on Low-Velocity Impact
Response of CFRP Laminates in a Drop-Weight
Impact Event. Materials 2020, 13, 4131. [Google
Scholar] [CrossRef]

10.

Maier, A.; Schmidt, R.; Oswald-Tranta, B.;
Schledjewski, R. Non-Destructive Thermography
Analysis of Impact Damage on Large-Scale CFRP
Automotive Parts. Materials 2014, 7, 413

429.

[Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

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Andleeb, Z.; Malik, S.; Hussain, G.; Khawaja, H.;
Roemer, J.; Boiger, G.; Moatamedi, M. Multiphysics
Study

of

Infrared

Thermography

(IRT)

Applications. Int. J. Multiphys. 2020, 14, 249

271.

[Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

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Warnet, L.L.; Reed, P.E. Falling Weight Impact
Testing Principles; Springer: Dordrecht, The
Netherlands, 1999; pp. 66

70. [Google Scholar]

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Stanley, P.; Chan, W.K. Quantitative stress analysis
by means of the thermoelastic effect. J. Strain
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137. [Google Scholar]

[CrossRef]

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Melvin, A.; Lucia, A.; Solomos, G. The thermal
response to deformation to fracture of a
carbon/epoxy composite laminate. Compos. Sci.
Technol. 1993, 46, 345

351. [Google Scholar]

[CrossRef]

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Vaidya, R.U.; Chawla, K. Thermal expansion of
metal-matrix composites. Compos. Sci. Technol.
1994, 50, 13

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Nowacki, W. Dynamic problems of diffusion in
solids. Eng. Fract. Mech. 1976, 8, 261

266. [Google

Scholar] [CrossRef]


background image

Volume 03 Issue 06-2023

4


American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN

2771-2745)

VOLUME

03

ISSUE

06

Pages:

01-04

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.

705

)

(2022:

5.

705

)

(2023:

7.063

)

OCLC

1121105677















































Publisher:

Oscar Publishing Services

Servi

17.

Olesiak, Z.; Pyryev, Y. A coupled quasi-stationary
problem of thermodiffusion for an elastic cylinder.
Int. J. Eng. Sci. 1995, 33, 773

780. [Google Scholar]

[CrossRef]

18.

Sherief, H.H.; Anwar, M.N. State-space approach to
two-dimensional

generalized

thermoelasticity

problems. J. Therm. Stress. 1994, 17, 567

590.

[Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

19.

Sherief, H.H.; Anwar, M.N. Problem in Generalized
Thermoelasticity. J. Therm. Stress. 1986, 9, 165

181.

[Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

20.

Sherief, H.H.; Ezzat, M.A. Solution of the
generalized problem of thermoelasticity in the
form of series of functions. J. Therm. Stress. 1994,
17, 75

95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

21.

Sherief, H.H. Fundamental solution of the
generalized thermoelastic problem for short times.
J. Therm. Stress. 1986, 9, 151

164. [Google Scholar]

[CrossRef]

22.

Bayandor, J.; Thomson, R.S.; Scott, M.L.; Nguyen,
M.Q.; Elder, D.J. Investigation of impact and
damage tolerance in advanced aerospace
composite structures. Int. J. Crashworthiness 2003,
8, 297

306. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

23.

Hampson, P.R.; Moatamedi, M. A review of
composite structures subjected to dynamic
loading. Int. J. Crashworthiness 2007, 12, 411

428.

[Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

24.

Andleeb, Z.; Strand, C.; Malik, S.; Hussain, G.;
Khawaja, H.; Boiger, G.; Moatamedi, M.
Multiphysics Analysis of CFRP Charpy Tests by
varying Temperatures. Int. J. Multiphys. 2020, 14,
143

160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

References

Mouti, Z.; Westwood, K.; Kayvantash, K.; Njuguna, J. Low Velocity Impact Behavior of Glass Filled Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Engine Components. Materials 2010, 3, 2463–2473. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Troncossi, M.; Taddia, S.; Rivola, A.; Martini, A. Experimental Characterization of a High-Damping Viscoelastic Material Enclosed in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Components. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 6193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Boccardi, S.; Boffa, N.D.; Carlomagno, G.M.; Meola, C.; Ricci, F.; Russo, P.; Simeoli, G. Infrared thermography to impact damaging of composite materials. Health Monit. Struct. Biol. Syst. 2017, 10170, 1017004. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Ciminello, M.; Boffa, N.D.; Concilio, A.; Galasso, B.; Romano, F.P.; Monaco, E. Damage Detection of CFRP Stiffened Panels by Using Cross-Correlated Spatially Shifted Distributed Strain Sensors. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 2662. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]

Sellitto, A.; Saputo, S.; Di Caprio, F.; Riccio, A.; Russo, A.; Acanfora, V. Numerical–Experimental Correlation of Impact-Induced Damages in CFRP Laminates. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 2372. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]

Rashid, T.; Khawaja, H.; Edvardsen, K. Determination of Thermal Properties of Fresh Water and Sea Water Ice using Multiphysics Analysis. Int. J. Multiphys. 2016, 10, 277–290. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Nondestructive Testing of Composites (Polymer- and Metal-Matrix Composites)[1]. Nondestruct. Eval. Mater. 2018, 21, 631–658. [CrossRef]

Wang, X.; Liu, L.; Shen, W.; Zhou, H. CFRP Reinforced Foam Concrete Subjected to Dynamic Compression at Medium Strain Rate. Materials 2019, 13, 10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]

Cao, H.; Ma, M.; Jiang, M.; Sun, L.; Zhang, L.; Jia, L.; Tian, A.; Liang, J. Experimental Investigation of Impactor Diameter Effect on Low-Velocity Impact Response of CFRP Laminates in a Drop-Weight Impact Event. Materials 2020, 13, 4131. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Maier, A.; Schmidt, R.; Oswald-Tranta, B.; Schledjewski, R. Non-Destructive Thermography Analysis of Impact Damage on Large-Scale CFRP Automotive Parts. Materials 2014, 7, 413–429. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Andleeb, Z.; Malik, S.; Hussain, G.; Khawaja, H.; Roemer, J.; Boiger, G.; Moatamedi, M. Multiphysics Study of Infrared Thermography (IRT) Applications. Int. J. Multiphys. 2020, 14, 249–271. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Warnet, L.L.; Reed, P.E. Falling Weight Impact Testing Principles; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1999; pp. 66–70. [Google Scholar]

Stanley, P.; Chan, W.K. Quantitative stress analysis by means of the thermoelastic effect. J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. 1985, 20, 129–137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Melvin, A.; Lucia, A.; Solomos, G. The thermal response to deformation to fracture of a carbon/epoxy composite laminate. Compos. Sci. Technol. 1993, 46, 345–351. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Vaidya, R.U.; Chawla, K. Thermal expansion of metal-matrix composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 1994, 50, 13–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Nowacki, W. Dynamic problems of diffusion in solids. Eng. Fract. Mech. 1976, 8, 261–266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Olesiak, Z.; Pyryev, Y. A coupled quasi-stationary problem of thermodiffusion for an elastic cylinder. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 1995, 33, 773–780. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Sherief, H.H.; Anwar, M.N. State-space approach to two-dimensional generalized thermoelasticity problems. J. Therm. Stress. 1994, 17, 567–590. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Sherief, H.H.; Anwar, M.N. Problem in Generalized Thermoelasticity. J. Therm. Stress. 1986, 9, 165–181. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Sherief, H.H.; Ezzat, M.A. Solution of the generalized problem of thermoelasticity in the form of series of functions. J. Therm. Stress. 1994, 17, 75–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Sherief, H.H. Fundamental solution of the generalized thermoelastic problem for short times. J. Therm. Stress. 1986, 9, 151–164. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Bayandor, J.; Thomson, R.S.; Scott, M.L.; Nguyen, M.Q.; Elder, D.J. Investigation of impact and damage tolerance in advanced aerospace composite structures. Int. J. Crashworthiness 2003, 8, 297–306. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Hampson, P.R.; Moatamedi, M. A review of composite structures subjected to dynamic loading. Int. J. Crashworthiness 2007, 12, 411–428. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Andleeb, Z.; Strand, C.; Malik, S.; Hussain, G.; Khawaja, H.; Boiger, G.; Moatamedi, M. Multiphysics Analysis of CFRP Charpy Tests by varying Temperatures. Int. J. Multiphys. 2020, 14, 143–160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]