Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
51
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
51-64
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Psychophysical, neurological and sociological dualisms between the sexes are the main causes of an incompatible
male-female unions-communities (friendship, romantic relationship, marriage or extramarital community). As long as
the woman's div (it's a different mechanism for men) does not get used to the "hormones and substances of love":
phenyl ethylamine, nor ephedrine, dopamine, oxytocin, endorphin, etc. a woman does not initiate a struggle to free
herself from a position of inferiority in relation to a man (emancipation), because the community between a man and
a woman is dominated by love, which abstracts the inherited, constructed and socially accepted differences between
the sexes. The emancipation of a woman within the formed man-woman community begins with the adaptation of
the organism to the "hormones and substances of love", which is time-specific and determined by the personal
character, temperament and structure of the formed community. The emancipation of women in community with
men is initiated and then developed by the dualism of psychophysical, neurological, and then constructed sociological
differences between the sexes. In the paper, the genesis of dualisms between the sexes, their social adoption, with
corrections resulting from the process of women's emancipation, as well as the consequences suffered by
incompatible formed male-female communities in today's contemporary industrial-technological society, are
presented in a simplified manner.
KEYWORDS
S
ex, psychophysical, neurological and sociological sex’s dualisms, personality formation processes, social interactions,
emancipation processes, male-female community, compatibility.
Research Article
PSYCHOPHYSICAL, NEUROLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL DUALISMS OF
THE SEXES IN THE FUNCTION OF AN INCOMPATIBLE MALE-FEMALE
COMMUNITIES
Submission Date:
May 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
May 25, 2023,
Published Date:
May 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume03Issue05-11
Prof. Dr Miroslav Kuka
1
Faculty Of Education, University, St. Kliment Ohridski In Bitola, North Macedonia
2
Academy For Educational And Medical Studies In Krusevac, Republic Of Serbia
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
52
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
51-64
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
INTRODUCTION
In mammals, sex is genetically determined by the
existence of hormones that contain genes responsible
for all traits, including the sexual ones. The so-called
“Drosophila type” whose name comes from the name
of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) determines
the sex of a person, in which the American geneticist
Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866 - 1945) found this type of
sex determination in 1910. Chromosomes are
macromolecular structures with a characteristic shape
that were discovered in 1882 by the German biologist
Walther Fleming (1843 - 1905) during research on cell
division. Chromosomes can be visible in the nucleus of
cells during cell division, and they consist of two
chromatids joined by one centromere so that they look
like the letter X. All genetic material is located in
chromatids, while the centromere is responsible for
the direction of movement of chromosomes during the
cell division.
Fig 1: Chromatids and Centromere23
Human div (somatic) cells consist of 23 pairs of
chromosomes (46 chromosomes), of which 22 pairs,
which are the same in men and women, are called
autosomes (they carry genes for determining physical
characteristics). Chromosome pair 23 is different in
men and women, and we call it genesis (determines
sex).
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
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Fig 2: Chromosomes20
A gamete is a haploid cell that results from the process
of gametogenesis (the process in which gametes
–
sex
cells are formed) in sexually reproducing organisms.
We distinguish the female gamete, i.e. ovum and the
male gamete, i.e. spermatozoa. The female sex is
homogametic, because they produce only one type of
egg cell (all eggs cells have an X chromosome). The
male sex is heterogametic and creates two types of
gametes: X - spermatozoa (female spermatozoa) and Y
- spermatozoa (male spermatozoa). The probability of
joining an egg cell is equal for both types of sperm: P:
XX x XY / F1: XX, XX, XY, XY. The presence of a Y
chromosome determines the male sex, regardless of
the number of X chromosomes. Thus, persons with
presence of aberration, i.e. deviation in the genome,
e.g. XXXXXY (extra four X chromosomes) are male. The
female sex is not determined by two X chromosomes,
but by the absence of a Y chromosome. Thus, people
with the Turner syndrome do not have ovaries (two X
chromosomes are required for the development of
ovaries), but they have all the other sex organs and a
female appearance. The total number of chromosomes
(karyotype) is perpetual and characteristic for each
species: cat (38 chromosomes), elephant (56), dog
(78), horse (64), pig (38), lizard (46), sheep (54), rat
(42), lizard (46), etc.
In the middle of the 20th century, an American
gynecologist Landrum Settles (1909 - 2003) discovered
that the male chromosomes are smaller, weaker and
faster than the female chromosomes, which are larger,
stronger, and slower and survive longer. Studies have
shown that the X chromosome contains about 900
genes that determine many sex-unrelated traits, while
the Y chromosome contains about 55 genes, with many
repeated DNA sequences, that have no essential
function. However, the Y chromosome contains a gene
that initiates male development during embryonic
development. Between 11 and 12 weeks after
conceiving, the driver gene initiates the other genes
that regulate testicular development, which produce
male hormones and ensure that the newborn develops
into a boy. The sex drive gene was identified in 1990 as
the SRY and it operates by turning on gene pathways
that start with the SOX9 gene, which is the crucial
factor in determining male sex in all mammals (Arthur,
P. A. 2017, Berta, P. Hawkins, R. and other 1990,
Shettles, L. B. 1990)2,4,15
Accordingly, men and women are different from the
very beginning, starting with the sex hormones
secreted in their bodies. In women and men, the crucial
hormone of libido (sexual drive, desire) is
testosterone, which was discovered by the German
biochemist Ernst Laqueur (1880 - 1957). Testosterone is
a male hormone of the adrenal gland, which is also
secreted by the ovaries in smaller quantities, and
which: 1. enhances and increases muscle growth, 2.
enhances
sexual
desire,
3.
accelerates
the
development of male sexual organs, 4. regulates the
production of male semen, 5. enhances growth of hair
on the div, except hair on the head, 6. raises and
increases
aggression,
etc.
The
secretion
of
testosterone in a man's div decreases if he does not
use animal fat in his diet and if there is not enough
cholesterol in the blood. The WHO popularizes the
need to watch out for cholesterol and lowers the limits
of reference values for blood cholesterol for an unclear
reason. The level of testosterone in men decreases
with the age, but also by consuming products from
plastic packaging, meat from female animals, dairy
products with a lot of estrogen, soy, which is a
phytoestrogen, as well as due to frequent stress. A low
level of testosterone means that "a man is less and less
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(2021:
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)
(2023:
7.063
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
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a man", i.e. his reproductive potential decreases, he
loses muscle mass, but gains a belly
–
a stomach,
because the concentration of estrogen increases.
Estrogen is not only produced in a woman's ovaries,
but it is also made in the fat of both women and men.
From personal experience, many years of playing
sports, the consumption of eggs, which have 5-7% of
colloidal fat, which is easily absorbed by the div, has
the best effect on the concentration of testosterone in
the div (Kuka, M. 2023.)12.
The fear that increased consumption of eggs will
increase cholesterol is unfounded, because eggs
contain lecithin, which lowers cholesterol. Lecithin is
an organic substance of plant and animal origin, and is
an emulsifier that combines incompatible compounds
(for egg water and fats) into relatively stable
emulsions. Cholesterol is introduced into the div
through food (meat, eggs), and the other type of
cholesterol is made by the liver, the so-called good
cholesterol HDL (High-density lipoproteins) and bad
cholesterol LDL (Low-density lipoproteins).
On the other hand, estrogen is a hormone secreted by
the ovaries, and it was independently discovered by
the German biochemist Adolf Butenandt (1903 - 1995)
and the American biochemist Edward Alembert Doisy
(1893 - 1986). The relevance of estrogen is aa follows:
1. To stimulate the formation of secondary sexual
characteristics of a woman, 2. To affect the moistening
of the female genital organ and thus participate in the
birth of desire, 3. To stimulate the growth of the milk
secretion system, 4. To increase the thickness of the
skin membrane and make it smooth, 5. To increase the
amount of cholesterol in the bile, and reduces
intestinal motility, 6. To raise the level of blood clotting
factors, etc. Estrogen is the hormone that makes a
woman different from a man, and its secretion is
strongest during puberty, when it develops and
stimulates sexual characteristics, such as the
development of breasts. Progesterone is another
female hormone, which acts as a brake on sexual
desire.
By the eighth week of fetal age, the brain has the
characteristics of a female brain, and then begins an
influx of hormones that create differences, directing
neurons to organize themselves according to a male or
female pattern. The increase in testosterone levels
transforms the previously universal brain into a male
one, by destroying a number of cells in the
communication systems (programmed cell death),
allowing some other neurons to survive and to connect
in a specific ways. On the other hand, the female brain
continues its development by multiplication of neural
connections in the centers for communication and
parts responsible for recognizing and expressing
emotions. For this reason, girls at an early age
recognize subtle changes in feelings in everyone they
are in contact with, interpreting a look, touch or
reactions. Much more pronounced than boys, girls find
out from the emotional reactions of the other people,
and assisted by the non-verbal signs, they are able to
perceive whether they provoke someone`s focus of
attention or not. If the observed person does not have
an emotional reaction, girls will make efforts to
provoke them. That is why more pronounced than
boys did, they leave the impression that they are
obedient and lovable.
It was considered for centuries, that the women's
brains are smaller than men's and those women are
mentally inferior comparing to men. However,
according to the research completed in the 20th
century, it was concluded that men and women are
equally successful in solving intelligence tests. Thus,
the prejudice about brain size and the level of
intelligence was abolished. But questions about the
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(2023:
7.063
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
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differences in functioning of the male and female brain
remained (Lynn, R. 1994)14. Through the tests using
magnetic resonance and PET tomography, it was
established that the male and the female brains
process stimuli in a different way, i.e. that the male
brain has more connections within the left and right
hemispheres of the brain, while in women the
hemispheres are more strongly connected to each
other. Additionally, the male brain contains more nerve
fibers (total length of about 176,000 kilometers), while
the connection between neurons is better in women.
Experimentally, it has been shown that women have
increased blood flow in 112 out of 128 studied regions,
which means that the female brain is on average more
active than the male, namely in the prefrontal nom
cortex, which is responsible for planning, organization,
and learning through attempts and mistakes (Cole, J.
H. Poudel, R. Tsagkrasoulis, D. and other 2017)5
Fig 3: Prefrontal nom korteks19
Therefore, from the beginning, the characteristics of
the male and female brain are demarcated. The
average weight of the brain is 1.35 kilograms, (about 2%
of the total div weight), but the male brain is about
10% larger than the female, which is explained by
adjustment with the other male-female differences
such as the greater div mass of the male. The size and
shape of a man's brain allows him to sense and react to
danger faster than a woman. Research has revealed
that the parts of the frontal lobe, which regulates
decision-making processes and problem solving, are
proportionally larger in women (Cleveland Clinic:
Frontal Lobe)6. Also; most men have a more
developed left cerebral hemisphere of the brain, while
women typically use both sides of the brain almost
equally. The result of this disparity is that women rely
more often on intuition, while men have greater
abilities in logical thinking and problem solving.
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Fig 4:
●
Right cerebral hemisphere
●
Left cerebral hemisphere16
The parietal lobe, which is responsible for numerical
operations, is larger in men than in women. However,
the parietal lobe is thicker in the female brain, which
makes it difficult for them to orient themselves
spatially, as well as imagine objects in space.
Fig 5: Parietal lobe17
When faced with a stressful situation, men's and
women's brains engage different mechanisms: men
usually react "fight or flight", while women choose
between "hide or make friends". This kind of response
is rooted in instincts, where women have a strong
impulse to take care of offspring within the built
community. Most evidence suggests that men and
women process emotions in different manners (Kuka,
M. 2002)10. Also, the female speech apparatus uses
both hemispheres of the brain, while the male speech
apparatus exclusively uses the left side of the brain for
speech. Given that women have a larger limbic system
than men do, they interpret and express their
emotions in an easier way, which enables them to
socialize more easily. However, the negative side of
this occurrence is that women have a greater tendency
to suffer from depression, and men from autism and
schizophrenia (Heijts, B. Deserno, M. Rhebergen, D.
2020)8.
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(2023:
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
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Fig 6: Limbic System and Hippocampus18
An American psychiatrist Daniel G. Amen states that
women in most cases remember better and longer
than men, because they have increased activity in the
hippocampus (Amen, G D. 2017)1. However, long-term
statistics do not favor women. Namely, estrogen
protects women from neurodegeneration, while
testosterone does so in men. However, when
testosterone levels drop in men, the results are not as
dramatic as when estrogen levels drop in women.
Therefore, women in the period after menopause are
exposed to a higher risk of dementia than men.
Additionally, research shows that women feel pain in
much more intensive manner than men do. It has been
experimentally confirmed that women, compared to
men, need a larger amount of morphine in order to
achieve the same effect of pain reduction (Bartley, E. J.
Filingim, R. B. 2013)3.
THE FORMATION OF THE PERSONALITY OF A MAN
AND A WOMAN IN SOCIAL INTERACTIONS
Analyzing the factors that influence the formation of a
family organization, a close connection between the
family and the social system is observed. Regardless of
the role, time of origin and duration of the family, we
distinguish several family theories: 1. traditional, 2.
idealistic, 3. utopian, 4. individualistic, 5. materialistic,
6. evolutionary. In each of the mentioned theories,
there are differences in the approach to raising male
and female children, and then men and women are
accepted differently in the wider social community.
Social differences formed in this way are the only the
product
of
psychophysical
and
neurological
differences that are formed in male and female
children since the process of embryonic development.
A child's upbringing begins in the family, which
represents a closer social community, with the
following characteristics: 1. it is a community of the
sexes and the children that arise from that community,
2. it is the primary community in which the child's
personality develops, 3. it is a community that provides
psycho - social connection of the members.
Regardless of cultural background, boys are inhibited
from showing emotions and weakness from their
childhood. They are required to be strong, persistent,
self-confident, while girls are expected to be modest,
gentle, sensitive and somewhat dependent on the
"stronger sex." This approach is the archetype of the
inherited behavior of ancestors, who, due to
technological underdevelopment, primarily saw family
existence in "muscle strength" (cultivation of the land,
forest, etc.), which a man by his musculature, i.e. due
to the nature of the structure, has a stronger
developed div than a woman. Therefore, the
existence in a time of technological underdevelopment
is safer with a male than with a female child, and
according to this adopted method of reasoning, later
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sexual differentiations are created in technologically
developed societies (halo effect).
In addition, the human personality is not born ready-
made, but is formed in the process of social
interactions that include Cultivation i.e. developing
fundamental human abilities, such as learning
languages and ways of communication, acquiring
experiences from a given culture and training for
independence. Socialization by which the one is
introduced to the rules of social life, but at the same
time creating the one`s own standards and criteria of
behavior. Individualization by means of which the
internal system of motivation is developed in
accordance with the personal characteristics of the
personality. Men and women, with regard to
psychophysical and neurological differences, as well as
differences in the cultural heritage of the environment
in which they live, are cultivated, socialized and
individualized according to different models, and then
these differences are accepted within the narrower
(family) and wider (society) community (Kuka, M.
2008)11. For example, it is socially unacceptable to see
a drunk man, but almost all societies will more easily
understand and accept a drunk man than a drunk
woman. In addition, in all societies promiscuity is easier
to understand and justify in a man than in a woman. A
man who changes several wives is called by one name
unlike the woman who is called in a completely
different manner.
Men and women grow up in different ways through
the processes of building their personality. Those
processes are categorized into six forms: Freedom of
behavior implies the independence of the choices
made and the way of acting regardless of the
expectations, demands and evaluations of the others.
Freedom of this kind can be manifested by having
one's own interests, one's own style of communication
with the others, an individual style of dressing,
planning one's own free time, etc. Emotional freedom
is manifested in the individual's independence from
someone else's care, physical and emotional closeness,
and acceptance. Freedom of this kind implies the ability
to be separated for a long time from persons to whom
we are emotionally attached. Cognitive freedom
means having one's own values, one's own evaluation
criteria, one's own goals and ways of their realization.
Freedom of this kind results in the ability to rely solely
on our own judgments, convictions, and choices. The
freedom of identity implies the feeling of one's own
difference from the others, and the ability to set the
boundaries of one's own "I". Freedom of this kind
results in the ability to observe oneself in comparison
with the others (similarities and differences), primarily
within one's own family. Instrumental freedom is
manifested in the ability to act independently and
perform various tasks necessary for effective
functioning in various areas of social life. Economic
freedom implies the ability to secure independently
material existence. During the period of growing up,
while young people remain in the same family with
their parents, only some types of economic freedom
are possible, which is usually determined by the
cultural heritage of the environment in which they live.
There are certain dependencies between the
mentioned forms of freedom. The individual first
adopts the freedom of identity (its certain degree),
which is a necessary condition for the development of
cognitive and emotional freedom. Emotional freedom
influences the achievement of instrumental and
economic freedom (Kuka, M. 2002)10. Men and
women, taking into account psycho-physical and
neurological differences, as well as differences in the
cultural heritage of the environment in which they live,
in different ways adopt and manifest the built personal
freedom, in the narrow and wider social community.
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EMANCIPATION IN THE FUNCTION OF REDUCING
SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN THE SEXES
Since birth, men and women differ psycho-physically
and neurologically. These differences affect the
methods of raising boys and girls, which are then
transferred according to the adopted models to the
social community, where women with their rights,
roles and influences are pushed to the social margins.
However, at the end of the 19th century, a large
number of social movements appeared with the aim of
struggling for libertarian ideas, equality, greater rights
of workers, etc. In these social movements, women
participated equally as men. However, larger
revolutionary movements such as: 1. The Paris
Commune, 2. Social and national movements in the
Central Europe, 3. The Russian Revolution, etc., from
the very beginning initiated movements for the
emancipation of women, i.e. liberating women from
male authority and traditional power structures.
Typical roles of heroes from the period of revolutionary
struggles are not rare: 1. a mother who takes part in the
defense with a weapon, 2. a girl on the barricades who
personifies freedom, 3. a woman victim in the warfare
activities, etc.
Fig 7: Delacroix, Eugène. Liberty Leading the People. c. 1830. Louvre - Paris, France21
The results of the movement for the emancipation of
women are best visible in the constellation of male-
female relations in today's contemporary, industrial-
technological society. The contemporary world differs
from the "old world" by the increase in production and
consumption, the increase in the role of social
institutions, and the decrease in the significance of the
family. Mass communication means reduce the degree
of lack of information, increasing the number of
consumers of "cultural goods". The new technique is
creating urban societies in which the percentage of the
rural population is decreasing. With the development
of industrial production, the number of the
unemployed increases, and the power of corporations,
which hold the largest number of individuals in the
form of "modern slavery", increases. A conformist
personality type under these conditions appears as a
normal result. Contemporary, e.g. an American or a
European family is materially independent from the
parents (only 4 - 7% of parents live with a married /
married child). The marriage rate is high, and there are
many more married women, who have equal property
rights. In addition, the number of divorces has a
constantly progressive trend. Children are not treated
as an economic factor, but their basic obligation is to
finish the school. The absence of emotionality is
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)
(2023:
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–
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increasingly pronounced, because it is insisted on
behaving according to the adopted rules (Kuka, M.
2008)11.
The processes of women's emancipation try to
equalize the differences between the sexes in social
interactions, but they cannot annul their differences
(psycho - physical, neurological), because they form
the basis of our creation and survival. The
emancipation of women, as it is comprehend and
popularized today, has not achieved its originally set
goal. It brought women economic equality with men,
but women remained physically insufficiently prepared
to compete with them. The emancipation of women
achieved its social acceptability through the legal
administrative forms, while in practice women are not
given the same trust as men. There are numerous
examples about it: during most of the 20th century,
80% of all doctors in America were men, and almost all
nurses were women. In recent decades, this
relationship has changed significantly (Johnson, M.
2018)9. However, the processes of emancipation have
created antagonisms and distances towards men in
women's minds, which is what contemporary
matrimonial communities suffer to the greatest
extent. We can ask ourselves whether the deepening
of sexual antagonisms and distance is the only
achieved goal of women's emancipation, and we were
not even aware of it from the beginning.
SEX
AS
A
FUNCTION
OF
PSYCHOLOGICAL
DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SEXES
Killing people is cruel and inhumane, but history has
shown that our culture can tolerate a certain amount
of cruelty and still survive. However, killing people's
emotions can pose a greater threat to the survival of
our culture than violence. In a contemporary society,
which popularizes the cult of sex and pornography,
emotions are marginalized, and these phenomena
increasingly represent the subject of study of the
developmental problems of adolescence. Love is one
of the four basic human emotions (love, hate, fear and
anger) and it is preceded by seduction, the ultimate
goal of which is the extension of the species. Seduction
is an inevitable human game, since a direct invitation to
sex is socially unacceptable and often results in failure.
For these reasons: she glances over him, he loosens the
knot on his tie, she moves barely perceptibly on the
chair, he imitates her, her eyes shine, his pupils dilate,
etc. In the past, the rules of seduction were of interest
only to writers of romance novels, but today they are
the subject of scientific studies made by psychologists,
biologists, sociologists, etc. (Kuka, M. 2002)10.
Human seductions completely
imitate animal
seductions, with the main goal of drawing attention to
themselves. The tight clothing and high heels, which
force a woman to sway as she walks, are an accepted
way of highlighting the pelvis, with the aim of
advertising the ability to conceive easily. At the same
time, vulnerability is also shown in this way, because
the partner does not only want to reproduce, he also
wants to protect his wife and offspring. In the period
when the woman has the greatest possibility to start,
she unconsciously chooses a partner, whose
appearance indicates "better genes", abstracting
whether the chosen one will be able to take care of the
offspring. Things change in the period when the
woman is not in the ovulation phase, and then the
criteria for the selection of men include intelligence,
creativity, sense of humor, sociability, etc. Men draw
attention to themselves with their psychophysical
capacities, which, in addition to physical appearance,
are manifested in social relations by positioning
through the system of roles (horizontal organization of
society) and the system of positions, i.e. status (vertical
organization of society). What is the position, i.e. the
status of a man in society is better, the impression of
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
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03
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05
Pages:
51-64
SJIF
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(2021:
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(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
security increases in a woman, and thus the choice of
such a man. However, unlike animals, men are prone to
"social mimicry", i.e. compensation of his e.g. worse
physical appearance, supported by the achieved social
status symbols. Deviations from the archetype of a
beautiful male physical appearance but with the
owned status symbols: real estate, expensive cars,
ships, airplanes, etc. the man "extends his penis" with
compensations, remaining in the game to be chosen or
to choose as he wishes.
Charles Darwin (1809 - 1882) proved that the four basic
emotions (love, hate, fear and anger) are expressed in
the same way in humans, while the Austrian
ethnologist Erbil Eibesfeldt (1928 - 2018) points out that
gestures typical of courtship are the same everywhere.
His research has shown that language, level of
education or property status cannot do anything
against nature, because some basic forms of behavior
are determined by the oldest parts of our evolutionary
memory and are common to all living creatures
(Eibesfeldt, E. 1970)7.
However, love can also be observed from the aspect of
banal chemical processes, the result of which is the
"inner" feeling and the outwardly manifesting
behavior of a man and a woman. These processes have
three phases: in the first phase, the brain produces
large amounts of the hormone phenyl ethylamine
(PEA), which they call the "molecule of love", and
which, together with the substances nor ephedrine
and dopamine, leads to falling in love. In the second
phase, the pituitary gland, an endocrine gland, secretes
the hormone oxytocin, which decides whether a
potential love will have a future. In the third phase,
which begins after 1 - 2 years, these hormones lose their
effect, i.e. the organism adapts to them. In this period,
a love crisis occurs, i.e. a decision is made: drifting apart
or continuing love. However, that decision is also
influenced by the hormone endorphin. If the brain
produces enough endorphins, love becomes stronger
(Kuka, M. 2002)10.
In women and men, the crucial hormone of libido
(sexual drive, a desire) is testosterone. A sexual act
implies sexual intercourse, which can be penetrative
(vaginal, anal, oral) and non-penetrative (touching the
genitals and the other intimate parts of the div).
However, the penetrative sexual intercourse in the
psychology of men and women creates new sexual
differentiations (Livingston, J. 2020)13. Namely, the
male sexual organ by penetrating into the female
sexual organ, the man "bodily conquers" the woman,
while the woman he penetrates to becomes "bodily
conquered". In those circumstances, the man forms
the impression of superiority, while the woman most
often has the impression of inferiority in relation to the
man. For this reason it is most often concluded that a
woman before and after sex is not the same person.
The psychological imbalance between the sexes
created in this way only adds to the already formed and
built psychophysical and neurological differences,
which are socially accepted. Now a woman naturally
has a need for balance, i.e. to bring the state of her
psychosocial inferiority into an equal relationship with
a man. The most adequate training ground for the
struggle for women's emancipation is any form of
established male-female relation (friendship, romantic
relationship, marriage or extramarital community).
CONCLUSION
As long as the woman's div (the mechanism is
different for men) does not get used to "hormones and
substances of love": phenyl ethylamine, nor ephedrine,
dopamine, oxytocin, endorphin, etc. a woman does
not initiate a struggle to free herself from a position of
inferiority in relation to a man (emancipation), because
the community between a man and a woman is
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
51-64
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
dominated by love, which abstracts the inherited,
constructed and socially accepted differences
between the sexes. By adapting the organism to
"hormones and substances of love", which is
individually determined in time and determined by the
personal character, temperament and structure of the
formed community, the woman begins the struggle for
emancipation. Therefore, under the influence of
"hormones and substances of love", a woman does not
perceive her inferior position, because she is, in certain
fallen asleep by love. Psychophysical, neurological and
sociological differences between the sexes activate
"social triggers", which are different and individually
determined, because "each person is similar to all
people, more similar to some of them and essentially
different from all of them". One of the most common
"social triggers" in a woman's mind is satiation, i.e. the
unfulfilledness by the created community, which is
encouraged by minimizing the capacity of the once
chosen man.
Minimizing the capacity of the selected man is done
according to the same methodology according to
which his selection was once made, which is
comparison. Comparing the chosen man with the other
men: colleagues at work, friends, family members, etc.
the woman's affirmative differences with the other
men encourage her to minimize the capacities of the
chosen man, thereby elevating herself in the formed
community. The criteria that minimize the capacities of
the chosen man are the same as the criteria by which
he was chosen once: visual appeal, success, existential
and security safety, intelligence, wittiness, sociability,
etc. The real or imagined man with whom the chosen
man is compared does not necessarily have better
capacities. It is the only relevance the angle of prospect
how the woman presents the comparison to herself.
Also, through the system of social positions and status,
a woman can advance more in relation to the selected
man (level of completed education, position and status
in the institution where she works, the social
community where she lives, etc.), which through the
comparison process also minimizes the capacity of the
selected man. According to the conducted research,
published in the book Love and Allow to be Loved
(Kuka, M. 2002)10, the community of a man and a
woman survives until the woman, through the process
of comparison, wins the chosen man. By winning the
man, a woman transforms herself from an impression
of inferiority into the one of superiority, regardless of
whether that impression was created indirectly, i.e. by
someone else, by the woman's impression of a "higher
quality man", or she directly built the impression on her
own compared to a man.
Fig 8: Kuka, Miroslav. Status. c. 2002. Private collection - Belgrade, Serbia22
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
63
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
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2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
51-64
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
As long as, through the processes of comparison, i.e.
of "the internal struggles", the woman equates with
the chosen man, that community can survive. The
community most often survives when the woman is
equal to the chosen man according to the measured
criteria. However, as soon as a woman in her
impression "wins" a man according to one of the
criteria of comparison, that community usually ends,
because of the "victory" according to one criterion,
multiplies by the woman on the other criteria as well. A
woman achieves her "victory" in relation to the chosen
man indirectly, through the achieved emotional
attraction with the man, who, according to her criteria,
is "better in terms of capacity" in relation to the chosen
one. Additionally, the man in relation to the selected
woman makes the similar comparisons in the male-
female community. However, the man primarily
compares his constant attractiveness, i.e. emotional
attraction, towards women who, according to his
criteria, "look better" compared to the one chosen at
one time. The term "looking better” is an individual
perception of men and women, and should not be
categorized or interpreted individually (Kuka, M.
2002)10.
Therefore, the psychophysical, neurological and
sociological dualisms of the sexes influence the
survival of only those male-female communities, which
are structurally a community of compatible
personalities. A contemporary society does not
tolerate even the slightest deviation from the
compatibility of men and women (differences are
difficult
to
compensate
within
the
formed
community), because the same is not allowed by
inherited and constructed sexual dualisms, reinforced
by the socially accepted results of the process of
women's emancipation. Additionally, the lowered level
of tolerance and compromise, as well as the
popularization of socially acceptable and then
systemically rejected democratic norms, affects the
compatibility of male-female communities. However,
these factors are the product of the popularization of
liberal values in a contemporary society and are not
primarily determined by dualism between the sexes
(M. Kuka 2023).
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