Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
1
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
01-04
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article explores the historical and modern aspects of the movement of population in particular labor migration,
explains the processes of development in the conditions of a planned economy to a market. The difficulty of placing
the labor force, the emergence of unemployment, job complexity, as well as, the relationship of nations and
multinational states of Central Asia
KEYWORDS
Planned economy, population, migration crisis, labour resources, formation of labour resources, placement of
workers, employment, unemployment, migration, national values, adaptation of the population.
INTRODUCTION
After the collapse of the Soviet Union and during the
years of independence, the population of Central Asia
has grown significantly. Unlike many CIS countries the
population of the Central Asian countries is constantly
increasing. However, the demographic situation in
Central Asia is clearly manifested decrease of average
annual growth rate of population of the country, which
took place both due to migration outflow, and by
reducing the rates of natural population movement.
METHODS
Research Article
HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY ASPECTS OF LABOR MIGRATION IN
CENTRAL ASIA
Submission Date:
April 12, 2023,
Accepted Date:
April 07, 2023,
Published Date:
April 22, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume03Issue04-01
Yakubov O'tkir Shermamatovich
Termiz State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
Bozorkulova Munavvar
Graduate Student Of Termiz State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
2
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
01-04
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In preparing the article have been used the basic
methods of social - economic geography. In the
transition phase from planned to market economy it
was very difficult to get researchers to form the
sources of information, so to use the method of
observation,
systematization,
classification
of
geographic information. And also we used the
historical method, analyzed previously published
materials. A comparative analysis has been done.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In the initial stage of independence for the years 1991-
1999 from the towns of Uzbekistan, this is mainly in the
a-living, Russian outflow amounted to 356.8 thousand,
Ukraine - 32.3 thousand, Jews - 55.5 thousand, Germans
- 22.6 thousand, Tatars - 108.0 thousand people. Total
for 1991-1999 years from Uzbekistan more than 1.0
million people have left. To the country about 400
thousand people have come and thus, the negative
balance amounted to over 600 thousand people.
External migration in Uzbekistan considered the years
developed mainly to Russia, Ukraine and the Central
Asian neighbor republics. The negative balance of
external migration forms, mainly the European
population.
The gross volume of migration to Russia accounted for
50.9%, Kazakhstan - 10.9%, other Central Asian
countries - 13.2%. The share of volume of foreign
migration outside the CIS was 14.7%. The vast majority
of the population of Uzbekistan leave for Russia and
other CIS countries (90.9%), and enters it mainly also
from Russia and neighboring countries Central Asia,
mainly - Kazakhstan [1].
In the history, it had the same character of migration,
too. Recent history, during the planned economy, the
state planned reallocation of labor resources, more
precisely in the planned migration. Uzbek analysts
wrote about it in 80-ies. For example, "According to
the Soviet-union labor reallocation of Uzbekistan
sends workers to the areas where they need workers
of the country: Kazakhstan, Siberia and the Far East. In
50-ies outside the country for more than half recruited
workers were sent "[2].
From this point of view, one can say that the migration
has a certain pattern, and at the same time the regional
specifics. In modern conditions Russia and Central
Asian countries on the basis of this point of view should
reconsider their views on migration.
The main flows of labor migration were directed to
Russia from three states, like Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan
and Tajikistan. Demographers estimate that in the
beginning of 2006 in Russia there were between 2 and
3.5 million and in 2012 years about 5 million migrant
workers who came from Central Asia.
Reproduction of population and movement of labor
resources, in its turn, plays a key role in the socio-
economic development of the countries of Central Asia
and Kazakhstan. The unemployment rate changes over
time and varies in different countries. It depends on
the level of development of the economy,
characterized by a certain degree of standard of living
and is one of the most important socio-economic
indicators. As all over the world in the countries of
Central Asia, there is unemployment, too - especially on
the basis of labor issues in rural areas. It is possible to
tell, employment processes among the Central Asian
countries Kazakhstan more stable.
These positive developments are the results of
consistently implemented in the region taken
measures perfection of location of the productive
forces on the territory, taking into account
employment and providing of leveling socio-economic
development of regions or Vilayats, optimization of the
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
3
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
01-04
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
combination of industry and territorial management
principles, especially demographic situation and
migratory mobility of the population.
Formation of the labor force in the new industrial sites
also comes at the expense of inter-sectoral
reallocation. Sometimes, professionals cannot find
decent jobs. Here the main factor is the low-income or
periodicity jobs. Especially, agricultural work workers
can only work vigitational period. Also, it happens
unstable migration of workforce or specialists within
the region. It requires a clear system of coordination of
labor migration flow, taking into account of the
situation of providing in the region. And laws,
interstate agreements should be flexible. In conditions
of market economy and the global migration of
population is the most important processes of lab our
providing regulation. Here it should be taken into
account that the Central Asian countries in recent
history survived more stable adaptation employment.
Central Asia's population is multinational and adapted
to the regional lifestyle. Respects the traditions,
customs and practices of each other. Even 90-ies in
each Central Asian country there were adopted laws on
the equality of nations and were practiced successfully.
For example, in 1993, in Uzbekistan it has been
transformed an independent Republican International
Cultural Center (NCC), which provides assistance to
state bodies and public organizations in the study and
cultural needs of national minority living in the
Republic.
Its tasks include: practical and methodological
assistance to the NCC, coordination and control over
their activities: worldwide assistance to the revival and
development of national traditions, customs and rites,
cultures and spiritual values of the peoples and
national groups living in the country; establishment
and development of relations and cooperation with
national and international cultural centers of near and
far abroad; promoting international solidarity of
nations and nationalities, harmonization of interethnic
relations [3].
When a multinational state, when they respect the
customs and traditions of each other and at the same
time practicing the laws about this, it means that he
has a way out of any crisis. They, at the same time see
sorrow and happiness of the country. Central Asia
successfully develops tendency of reproduction of the
population, the majority of the population of working
age and near the decades replenish their youth.
CONCLUSIONS
In Central Asia consistently is carried out leveling
politics of social
–
economic development of the
republic, as a result of it expand the scale of production
in the republic rapidly growing labor force, improving
the social structure of the population, increasing the
level of national welfare.
As a result, the Central Asian migration occurs
improving locating of population in the region.
Continuously widens hiring public production fast
developing of the labour recourses, improving the
demographic situation, increased employment of the
working population. Who goes to Russia or
Kazakhstan, they do not go to the city to live but where
developing buildings, where new buildings, and homes
and villages are being built.
As it is shown from the analysis of migration in Central
Asia, the processes, the development of their
prospects will be largely determined by the dynamics
of the migration mobility of the rural population, rural
migration, which is not only a method of redistribution
of labor resources between rural and urban areas, but
also an important means of achieving the more even
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
4
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
01-04
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.063
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
dispersal of the rural population in the territory of
Central Asia.
Study of the technique of study of migration process is
always a subject of research. Because the people, the
population is always growing, evolving. On this, there
is always a problem in the reproduction of the
population and migration processes. But these are all
connected, with the demographic policy which leads
the country to how to solve them. Sometimes, these
processes are perceived wags around the country.
REFERENCES
1.
Ata-Mirzaev O., Gentshke B., Murtazayeva R.
Multinational
Uzbekistan:
historical
and
demographic aspect.- Tashkent: "Yangi Asr Avlod»,
2011.- P.38-39
2.
Maksakova L.P. Migrating taken in RA in
Uzbekistan.-Tashkent: "Uzbekistan", 1986.- p.178
3.
Rasulov K.R. Role and place of national cultural
centers in the formation of international relations
.// Culture mezhnatsi¬onalnyh relations in
independent Uzbekistan. - Tashkent, 1995. - P.11.
4.
Yakubov U.Sh. Employment of the population of
Central Asia in conditions of low profitability of
agriculture
and
environmental
problems.
"Kazgidromet" - Hydrometeorology and Ecology,
2016, 3 (82),- P. 126-132.
5.
Yakubov U.Sh. Basics of recreational geography.
Tashkent: Science and technology 2012. - P.142.
6.
Kayumov A.A., Yakubov U.Sh., Abdullaev A.G.
Basics of population geography and demography.
Study guide T.: "Science and technology"-2011. 156
p.
