Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
1
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
06
Pages:
1-9
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article describes our scientific hypothesis that the hidden symbols in the decorations of the Ismail Samanid
mausoleum, built in the IX-X centuries in Bukhara, an architectural masterpiece of the East, were studied and that this
mausoleum was formerly the center of the Ismail Samanid chillahanosi and chiltan association.
KEYWORDS
Samanids, symbol, altar, tsar element, dome, kungira, dome, model, harmony, emblem, chillahona, double leaf,
architecture, emblem, falokyot, mausoleum, sect, ring.
INTRODUCTION
The mausoleum of Ismail Samanids is a dynastic
cemetery of medieval rulers of Bukhara, a unique
architectural structure. The mausoleum is named after
Ismail Somoni, the founder of the Samanid state. The
mausoleum is one of the oldest, best-preserved
architectural monuments of the Middle Ages, not only
in Bukhara, but in all of Central Asia. The mausoleum of
Ismail Somoni was built during the development of the
Middle Ages (IX-X centuries), between 864-868, in the
old part of the present-day Bukhara. (1,248). The
architectural proportions of the mausoleum were
determined by M.S. Bulatov, L.I. Rempel, M.Sh.
Zoxidov and K.S. The Kryukovs learned. (2.79.)
Research Article
THE SECRET OF SECRET SYMBOLS IN THE DECORATIONS OF THE ISMAEL
SAMONI'S TOMB
Submission Date:
May 21, 2022,
Accepted Date:
June 01, 2022,
Published Date:
June 12, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume02Issue06-01
Saipova Madina Saidakhbor qizi
Doctoral student of Tashkent Institute of Architecture and Construction, Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
2
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
06
Pages:
1-9
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
Since the building served as a tomb, its interior was a
three-tiered (four-walled, eight-walled to roof-to-wall
and dome-to-roof-shaped) one-room historic square.
The square symbolizes harmony, stability, equality,
balance, trust, peace, beauty, harmony, stability. Even
the most famous architectural monuments, the base of
the pyramids is a square. The four elements of square
matter i.e. earth, water, air, fire, the four seasons of the
year, the seasons of life, the four periods of the day,
the four sides of the world, as well as the four phases
of human life (childhood, adolescence, maturity, old
age) symbolize the universe and so on. (Fig. 1,2).)
The dome is the universe, the sky, the kurrai-earth.
Their combination of a cube and a dome is a symbol of
the harmony of the earth and the universe. So, the
mausoleum of Ismail Samanid is a clear representation
of the earth, that is, the universe.
The square above the entrance door of the mausoleum
is given two symmetrical squares, inside of which are
dynamic squares and static squares
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
3
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
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06
Pages:
1-9
SJIF
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(2021:
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(2022:
5.
705
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OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Figure 1. Tomb of Ismail Samani. Bukhara IX-X centuries.
1 The main form of the mausoleum. 2-Gumboz. 3. Four domes. 4.Drum construction covered with a dome on top of the
dome. 5. Altar holes on the four sides of the mausoleum.6.Me0rob. 8. Square-shaped foundation 9.Four doors on four
sides. 10. Symbolic elements. View of the mausoleum in geometric shapes
.
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
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VOLUME
02
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SJIF
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(2021:
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OCLC
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1121105677
METADATA
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5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Figure 2. Geometric analysis of the front view and history of the mausoleum of Ismail Samani [3]
Decorated with a circle in the center. These are the
cosmogram "Square - circle" Square means the earth,
the circle is the universe. This means that the earth is in
harmony with the universe. (3. 79-82.) According to the
psychology of form, the rings given around a square
mean that the galaxy system moves around its axis
according to certain laws. That is, the circle at the
center is the center of the whole universe. The fact that
a pair of leaves is given in the decoration means that
the whole universe has been created in pairs and that
they are in harmony. The giving of the leaf is again a
symbol of vitality and development as well as action.
The fact that the same symmetry is given on both sides
is a sign of two worlds. The depiction of two triangles
in the center of Kanos and double leaves inside it
means that everyone is a guest in the fan world.
The left and right ornaments on the left side of the
mausoleum are decorated with small brick chorsu
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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VOLUME
02
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Pages:
1-9
SJIF
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(2021:
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OCLC
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1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
tumors. It is adorned with forty rings as a border
between two square rings. In the same context, there
are 40 altar-shaped windows on the top of the wall,
which are given in a unique harmony. (Fig. 3) Forty
windows This criterion signifies a forty-day chill. Chilla
in mysticism refers to the murid praying without
leaving the house during the day.
Figure 3. Tomb of Ismail Samanids.
The 40 rings on the square frame at the top of the door
and the 10 arches on each side of the front of the
mausoleum, that is, a total of 40 altar arches, represent
the stages of the sect, ie the 40 statuses.
Astronomer scientist S. Commenting on the
interpretation of the term "Chilla", Azizov says: "The
word" Chilla "is a Persian lexeme in origin, meaning the
number 40. Alisher Navoi's works contain a lot of
information about the term "chilla".
In the works of the poet, the word "chilla" also
expresses an astronomical concept, and the content
contains the following information, which means a
winter chilla. (4.42-47.) In the epic Hayrat ul-abror:
Brackets for chilla prayer,
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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VOLUME
02
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1-9
SJIF
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(2021:
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OCLC
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METADATA
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5.582
Publisher:
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Servi
Jadi giving fulla food. (5.46)
Meaning: “Qaws sat on the chilla to pray for him. Jadi
gave him his fullas to eat. ”
In the epic "Sabaiy Sayyar":
The brackets were chilled on the way,
Slave goose in Jadi's gaze. (5.26.).
Meaning: “The bracket sat chilla in his path. Jadi stared
at his path (to see) and climbed to the marked peak”.
In the above two verses, the word "chilla" means
"forty days" chilla, (chilla) in Islam. Olim S. Azizov says
in his monograph "Secrets of astrology in the works of
Alisher Navoi": Each of these four stages has 10 status,
and the career of a dervish ends in these 40 status. In
Ahmad Yassavi's Faqirnama, the notion of "four doors
(kapu)" and 40 maqoms is repeated. Sofiya Jumaeva.
Number, meaning and image. T., 2005. Page 17 ”(8. 113-
114.)
Therefore, between the 40 altar-shaped windows and
two square circles at the top of the Samanid
mausoleum, forty rings symbolize the four corners of
the mausoleum. . (Figures 4,5,6.) Forty windows is a
criterion for forty days. On each of the four sides of the
mausoleum, there are 10 tombs, each with 10 stages,
signifying the rank of a dervish. The dervishes' career
shows that they will end up in these 40 positions. On
all four sides of the mausoleum, the concept of "four
doors (kapu)", 40 maqoms, is repeated. These
scientific studies show that the Samanid mausoleum
was formerly a chilla room. Then to the chillaxona
mausoleum
Figure 6. The logical structure of the decorations of the tomb of Ismail Samanids.
S- Tomb of Ismail Samanids. 1,2,3,4 - 4 doors of the
mausoleum the stages of the teachings in Sufism i.e.
the 1st stage of the Shari'ah, the 2nd stage of the
teachings, the 3rd stages of enlightenment and the 4th
stages of truth. 10 maqoms - 10 altar-shaped holes at
the top of the mausoleum on each side represent 10
maqoms of each sect stage. A total of 40). Converted.
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
7
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
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06
Pages:
1-9
SJIF
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(2021:
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(2022:
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)
OCLC
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1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
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Servi
The fact that a double leaf is given on all four sides of
the square in the frame is a sign that the living thing is
created in pairs, that is, that all living things are created
with their own pair, and that Allah is one. So it is a sign
that there is life in all four corners of the world. Inside
the square, which is also crossed, there are also double
leaves on all four sides. This is a sign of the second
world. If we add the sides of two squares, we get eight.
Eight represents the four sides of the world. The altars
inside the mausoleum are also given in eight. In these
harmonies the treasure of wisdom is hidden. The circle
in the center is a symbol of this throne. In our opinion,
it was found that in this cosmogram the model of the
eighteenth universe was given.
Figure 4. Ornaments on the mausoleum.
Figure 5. Astronomical analysis of the cosmogram in the decoration of the Samanid mausoleum, built in the IX-X
centuries.
Professor MS Bulatov in his book "Space and
Architecture" [3] says that this mark is on the 81st page
of the book "Cosmogram", which is a map of the
universe, and that it must be a temple of the sun. In our
opinion, these stamps are a Universe Map or Universe
Model. The map of the universe is a map of the
universe of tens of thousands, consisting of dynamic
squares. 1 dynamic squares. 2. Double-leaf square
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
8
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
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Pages:
1-9
SJIF
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(2021:
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(2022:
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OCLC
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1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
tricycle world. A pair of leaves signifies the harmony of
life and life. 3- The transverse square and the bird-
shaped leaf are the world of spirits. It is the 4th throne.
A system of 40 ring galaxies in Khoshia, or an indication
that this mausoleum was a chillaxona. The fact that the
rings are rounded means that all the galaxies in the
universe revolve around their own axis.
At the top of the wall are 40 windows in the shape of
an altar. Each window is framed. The canopy at the top
of the porch is bordered by a necklace of brick coins.
On both sides there is a small brick chorsu tumor. The
interior of the building is inextricably linked with the
building outside and is the same in terms of style. The
inner wall rests on overlapping arches at the base of
the dome. The arches form the base of an 8-sided
dome. It also represents 8 sides of the world. Khoja
Ahmad Yassavi (6.43) The concept of "eight sides" in
"Hikmatlar" is mentioned in the following verses:
At eight o'clock, the road opened from eight sides
A light shone on my head to tell me wisdom.
Bihamdillah, the piri muron drank may,
Because of that, I went in at sixty-three. (7.38.)
There are the following celestial interpretations of the
phrase "the path of eight fires has been opened." It is
said above that there are four directions of the world.
There are four more routes between them: northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
there will be a total of eight lines. The points on the
horizon of these eight directions were considered to
be the reference points of the sky relative to the
ground, and thus the eight-directional symbol of the
universe emerged. (7.38.)
1
Kavnu space -existence.
The door on the four sides of the mausoleum is a
symbol of the concept of the four sides of the world.
Since the sides of the universe are a clear concept,
there seems to be no room for speculation. For
example, the concept of the four sides of the universe
is obvious to everyone, and Hoja Ahmad Yassavi wrote
the following verses in the Wisdoms, pointing out that
the concept of the four sides of the world is related to
the models of the structure of the universe:
I will seek my people in the world day and night
The road from all four sides is now inside the kavnu
space
1
. (6.219.).
The poet says that in this poetic passage the path has
been four sides of existence, and in this scientific
interpretation, the earth (kavu space) represents the
four sides of the world: north, south, west and east. To
the observer, the earth, which is the foot of man, forms
a space that connects with the sky at the four corners
of the distant horizon. (7.37).
CONCLUSION
In short, the tomb of Ismail Samanids is a cube-shaped
building and the spherical dome is a cube of the earth,
the dome is a symbol of the universe. The harmony of
the earth with the whole universe. The four gates are
the stages of the teachings of Sufism, ie the 1st stage
of the Shari'ah, the 2nd stage, the 3rd stage of
enlightenment and the 4th stage of truth. In the square
frame at the top of the door, 40 rings represent the
stages of the sect, ie 40 statuses. The 10 altar-shaped
holes at the top of the mausoleum on each side
represent the 10 statuses of each sect).
According to our scientific hypothesis, the hidden
symbols in the decorations of the Ismail Samanid
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
9
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
06
Pages:
1-9
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
mausoleum, built in the IX-X centuries in Bukhara, an
architectural masterpiece of the East, were
scientifically studied and it was found that this
mausoleum was formerly the center of Ismail Samanid
chillahanosi and chiltan association.
REFERENCES
1.
National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan.T., “National
Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan”, 2002,
2.
Uralov A. Combining and decorating architectural
forms. Textbook. Samarkand. Sam. DMQI, 2003.
3.
Bulatov M.S. Space and architecture. –Tashkent:
ITD “SMI-ASIA”, SMI –ASIA, 2009.
4.
Azizov S.X. Chilla calendar // “Soglam avlod uchun”
magazine. 2012.
5.
Alisher Navoi. A perfect collection of works.
Volume 7 Hamsa. Hayrat ul-abror. T., 1991.
6.
Ahmad Yassavi. Proverbs. T. 1991.
7.
Azizov S. School of Astronomy and Ulugbek in
Central Asia. Tashkent, “Uzbekistan”, 2009,
8.
Azizov S. “Secrets of astronomy in the works of
Alisher Navoi” T., Uzbekistan Publishing House,
2018.
