Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
81
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
81-86
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article discusses foreign experience regulation and regulation, which shows that regulation are set specifically for
each city and, as a rule, for the site and contain indicators similar to those contained in domestic rules land use and
development. These indicators regulate the intensity the use of residential areas and the type of development,
depending on position in the structure of the city. In some cases, there are standards for the provision of the living
environment with parking spaces, landscaping and places for recreation and games. Great importance is given to
questions compliance with the context of development and privacy of residential spaces.
KEYWORDS
Foreign experience, city, construction, urban planning, residential areas, functional areas, development.
INTRODUCTION
The field of urban planning is an actual area of research
of various sciences related to its functioning. Currently,
the concept of sustainable development is very
common in urban planning, the purpose of which is to
create a comfortable, high–quality urban environment
for living, an environment that satisfies all the needs of
Research Article
RATE OF BUILDING SECURITY ELEMENTS OF RESIDENTIAL TERRITORIES
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Submission Date:
May 09, 2022,
Accepted Date:
May 18, 2022,
Published Date:
May 30, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume02Issue05-16
Drobchenko Natalia Valerievna
Candidate of Architecture, Associate Professor, Samarkand State Architectural and Construction Institute
named after M. Ulugbek, Samarkand Uzbekistan
Khusainova Tamanno Bakhtiyor kizi
Master's Degree Student, Samarkand State Architectural and Construction Institute named after M. Ulugbek,
Samarkand Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
82
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
81-86
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
society [2]. A city is a complex, multifaceted world that
includes in its structure a microcosm of people, things,
information, as well as urban landscapes erected by
man, where exchange processes between them take
place [3]. Architectural objects surrounding a person,
in addition to their external visual (spectacular)
essence, have an equally significant hidden structure of
their internal organization [4].
MAIN PART
USA: In the United States, one of the most important
instruments of regulation is urban planning zoning of
the territory of the city, which is fixed in local
regulations or the Urban Zoning Code. AT urban zoning
reflects the division of the city into three main types of
districts - residential, commercial, industrial, which, in
their turn, are divided into functional zones (belonging
to or another district is determined by the prevailing
type of development). For each zone class is subject to
size requirements and restrictions plots, built-up area,
building density and percentage built-up area, height
of buildings, distance from red lines, types of objects
(actually by types of permitted use), storage locations
road transport, the width of the carriageway,
landscaping, etc.
The urban zoning code aims to protect life and health,
protection of commercial interests of real estate
market participants and serves as a legal instrument
for the protection of the existing development in order
to maintain its market value. The Code contains
technical norms, designed to provide a healthy built
environment with adequate level of insolation,
ventilation, privacy, landscaping, protection from
noise, vibration.
Urban zoning in US cities, corresponds to zoning,
established by the rules of land use and development,
and not urban planning regulations. Not in the Zoning
Code social guarantees of provision with service
objects
and
elements
territory
(except
for
landscaping).
In New York, the new building code presents a whole
collection of volumes and includes a huge range of
issues of urban planning, construction and technical
regulation, as well as management. In him issues of
environmental
protection,
cultural
heritage,
accessibility for people with limited mobility, security
of facilities construction, investment promotion. One
of the important regulated parameters is the
population density, which is estimated through the
index apartment density.
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
83
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
81-86
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Minimum
backyard
depth, min
The ratio of
open and closed
spaces (in% of
the building),
min
Maximum
building density
Maximum
built-up area
Maximum building
height
(Minimum/Maxim
um Height of a
Building Forming a
Street Front)
Australia: In Australia, the rationing and regulation
system can be illustrated by the example of the city of
Perth with a population of more than 2 million
residents, where for designers and city authorities
developed a comprehensive R-Codes document.
Document includes rules design of residential areas,
design of buildings, special housing, describes local
regulatory standards development, lists of documents
for approval of projects and obtaining building
permits.
One of the main postulates of R-Codes is the
observance of the existing context of development,
boundaries and nature of the existing environment,
functional features, the ratio of heights and volumes
between adjacent buildings and areas. Particular
attention is paid to ensuring privacy of residence, in
particular, can be established additional screens that
protect housing from viewing.
It should be noted that similar questions are the
subject regulation in London, in particular for the City
area.
Building density is differentiated depending on the
location in relation to the centers of activity. The R-
Codes of Perth City are, by essence, detailed rules of
land use and development, combined with technical
and management regulations.
Landscaped area for
private use:
Maximum building
density
Maximum built-up
area
Maximum building
height
(Minimum/Maximum
Height of a Building
Forming a Street
Front)
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
84
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
81-86
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Singapore: In Singapore, town planning regulation is
based on the general a plan that establishes the zoning
of the city and a system of indicators, regulating the
density and functional richness of buildings. Were
zones of increased density are defined (with a density
coefficient buildings over 2.8), high density (2.1–2.8),
medium high (1.6–2.1) and Medium density (up to 1.6).
Please note that the maximum allowable intensity, as a
rule, is not achieved in a particular area due to limiting
requirements for indentation from the boundaries of
the site, for the height of the building, by distance to
multi-level parking lots, etc.
Also important is the index showing the number of
residential units (apartments), taken into account in
the zoning map and allowing you to regulate the
«population» buildings.
The minimum plot size for an apartment building is 0.1
ha, which allows you to place landscaping and utilities
inside the site; for a condominium, the minimum plot
size is 0.4 ha.
The maximum percentage of built-up area - 40%. Height
varies from 4 to 30 floors.
Great importance is given to the landscaping of the
site: along its perimeter a green strip with a width of at
least 2 m is provided.
Landscaped area for
private use:
• landscaping of the site
(in % of the site),
including vertical
landscaping
• green buffer around the
perimeter of the site (2
m)
• green buffer near the
road, min
Distance:
•from the house to the
road (depends on the road
category), min
•from the house to the
boundaries of the plot,
min.
Maximum building
density (except for special
zones)
Maximum
built-up area
Maximum
height of the
building (except
for special
zones)
Maximum floor
height
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
85
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
81-86
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Germany: In Germany, the main building parameters
are regulated by documents territorial planning and
land use plans. To such parameters include: building
density, which is set for each specific site by the
development plan, but not more than 30 thousand
square meters. m/ha for the central regions and at least
2 thousand square meters. m/ha for suburban areas;
building height and built-up area, also specific for each
site;
requirements for the exit of facades strictly on the red
line, to the maximum length of a continuous facade -
up to 50 m. In Germany, there are standards for play
areas (recreation areas), including an area for all ages
ranging in size from 1500 sq. m and with an accessibility
radius of up to 1000 m, a zone for schoolchildren age
from 400 sq. m and with an accessibility radius of up to
500 m and a zone for children of preschool and primary
school age from 60 sq. m and s with an accessibility
radius of up to 200 m. parking spaces at the rate of 1 m
/ m per apartment.
• boundaries
within which the
building should be
located
• the line to which
the facade of the
building should go
Green area for
common use, min:
• play area A
(serves people of
all ages)
• play area B
(children of school
age)
• play area C
(toddlers and
children of
primary school
age)
Maximum
building
density
Maximum
built-up area
Maximum
building height
CONCLUSION
Thus, foreign experience in standardization and
regulation shows that the regulations are set
specifically for each cities and, as a rule, for the site and
contain indicators similar to contained in the domestic
Land Use and Development Rules.
These indicators regulate the intensity of use of
residential areas and type of development depending
on the position in the structure of the city. In a number
cases, standards are provided for the security of the
B
С
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
86
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
81-86
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.582
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
living environment parking spaces, landscaping and
places for recreation and games. Great importance
paid attention to the issues of compliance with the
context of development and privacy of residential
spaces.
Regulations and norms abroad to a greater extent than
domestic, take into account land and property
relations, focusing on the site / household, but to a
lesser extent contain guarantees for the creation of
infrastructure in the formation of residential
formations, first of all, social.
The system of regulations and standards clearly
reflects the prevailing at the moment, urban planning
principles for the formation of a residential
environment, which, in turn, reflect socio-economic
relations.
REFERENCES
1.
https://archsovet.msk.ru/image/uploader/file/c
ity-comfort-full.pdf
2.
https://raex-a.ru/researches/city/town-
planning_principles
3.
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/aspekty-
gradostroitelnoy-deyatelnosti-vliyayuschie-na-
formirovanie-komfortnoy-gorodskoy-
sredy/viewer
4.
Anufriev, A. A. Sociology of the urban
environment as an integral concept of human
activity. // Technical Sciences: Problems and
prospects: materials of the IV International
Scientific Conference St. Petersburg, July 2016
