Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
80
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
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VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
Pages:
80-86
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
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ABSTRACT
The modern species composition of domestic poultry helminths in the Fergana Valley was studied, and it was found
to consist of 45 species. These include 12 species of cestodes, 15 species of trematodes, and 18 species of nematodes.
During the research, representatives of the families Davaineidae, Ascaridiidae, Heterakidae, Strongylida, and
Capillaridae (Raillietina tetragona, Skrjabinia cesticillus, Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Syngamus trachea) were
found in almost all domestic poultry. The research on the distribution, biology, and host damage properties of these
helminths is essential for developing control measures.
KEYWORDS
Poultry, helminth, species composition, cestode, trematode, nematode, Fergana Valley.
INTRODUCTION
Worldwide experience shows that the negative impact
of helminths on domestic, agricultural, and wild
animals is increasing yearly, causing significant
economic losses to livestock.
In our country, comprehensive measures are being
implemented to further develop poultry farming,
increase rural employment and income, and supply the
domestic market with meat and egg products.
In this regard, it is important to protect poultry from
diseases, prevent the introduction of infectious
diseases from other regions into Uzbekistan, and apply
Research Article
TAXONOMIC ANALYSIS OF HELMINTHS FOUND IN DOMESTIC POULTRY
IN THE FERGANA VALLEY
Submission Date:
October 15, 2024,
Accepted Date:
October 20, 2024,
Published Date:
October 25, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume04Issue10-12
Baxtiyorjon Avazbekovich Abduvaliyev
Researcher, Fergana State University, Uzbekistan
ORCHID ID: -
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8808-6991
Zokirov Islomjon Ilkhomjonovich
Professor of Department of Zoology and General Biology, DSc, Fergana State University, Uzbekistan
ORCHID ID: -
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-1738
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
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VOLUME
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OCLC
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scientific and technological advancements in this
process.
From this perspective, the widespread presence of
helminths in domestic poultry and their role in causing
various diseases make their study significant not only
for veterinary issues but also for solving broader socio-
economic problems.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH METHODS
The last analysis of the helminths of domestic poultry
in the valley region was conducted nearly half a century
ago, focusing on domestic waterfowl. Specifically,
M.M. Adisheva's research in 1963 was aimed at
studying the helminths of domestic waterfowl in the
Andijan region [2]. Additionally, some scientific sources
on the helminthofauna of birds in Central Asia and
Uzbekistan provide general information on the
occurrence of helminths in the republic [4, 5, 9, 10, 11].
These sources serve as a preliminary overview for
ecological-faunistic research in the region.
Subsequent studies of helminths in water and
terrestrial birds in western and central Uzbekistan have
expanded the knowledge of helminths in domestic
poultry [1, 3, 8]. However, the helminthofauna of
domestic poultry in the Fergana Valley has not been
fully studied. Our research results contribute to filling
this gap to some extent.
The processes of dissecting birds, identifying
helminths, processing them, and preparing temporary
or permanent specimens were carried out according to
generally accepted parasitological methods [7].
Species identification of helminths was based on
relevant scientific sources. Permanent specimens and
collections of helminths were prepared following the
methods proposed by I.I. Zokirov and G.M. Zokirova
[12].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The modern species composition of helminths in
domestic poultry of the Fergana Valley consists of 2
phyla, 4 classes, 4 orders, 19 families, and 31 genera,
comprising a total of 45 species. These include 12
species of cestodes, 15 species of trematodes, and 18
species of nematodes.
THE HELMINTHS IDENTIFIED IN DOMESTIC POULTRY
Phylum: PLATYHELMINTES Claus, 1887
Class: CESTODA
Order: Cyclophyllidea
Family: Davaineidae Braun, 1900
Genus:
Davainea
Blanchard, 1891
1.
Davainea pr
о
glottina
(Davaine,1860)
Genus:
Raillietina
Fuhrmann, 1920
2.
Raillietina echinobothrida
Mégnin, 1880
3.
Raillietina penetrans
(Baczynska, 1914)
4.
Raillietina tetragona
(Molin, 1858)
Genus:
Skrjabinia
Fuhrmann, 1920
5.
Skrjabinia cesticillus
(Molin, 1858)
Family: Dilepididae Railliet & Henry, 1909
Genus:
Choanotaenia
Railliet, 1896
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6.
Choanotaenia infundibulum
(Bloch, 1779)
Family: Hymenolepididae Ariola, 1899
Genus:
Diorchis
Clerc, 1903
7.
Diorchis elisae
Skrjabin, 1914
Genus:
Drepanidotaenia
Raillet, 1892
8.
Drepanidotaenia lanceolata
(Bloch, 1782)
Genus:
Fimbriaria
Froelich, 1802
9.
Fimbriaria fasciolaris
(Pallas, 1781)
Genus:
Microsomacanthus
Lopez-Neyra, 1942
10.
Microsomacanthus arcuata
(Kowalewski, 1904)
11.
Microsomacanthus microsoma
(Creplin, 1829)
12.
Microsomacanthus compressa
(Linton, 1892)
Class: TREMATODA Rudolphi, 1808
Order: Diplostomida Olson, Cribb, Tkach, Bray & Littlewood, 2003
Family: Schistosomatidae Stiles & Hassall, 1898
Genus:
Bilharziella
Looss, 1899
13.
Bilharziella polonica
(Kowalewsky, 1895)
Genus:
Ornithobilharzia
Odhner, 1912
14.
Ornithobilharzia canaliculata
(Rudolphi, 1819)
Genus:
Trichobilharzia
Skrjabin & Zakharow, 1920
15.
Trichobilharzia ocellata
(La Valette St.George, 1855)
Order: Plagiorchiida La Rue, 1957
Family: Collyriclidae Ward, 1917
Genus:
Collyriclum
Ward, 1917
16.
Collyriclum faba
(Bremser, 1831)
Family: Echinostomatidae Looss, 1899
Genus:
Echinostoma
Rudolphi, 1809
17.
Echinostoma aquatica
(Baschkirova, 1941)
18.
Echinostoma miyagawai
Ishii, 1932
19.
Echinostoma paraulum
Dietz, 1909
20.
Echinostoma revolutum
(Fröhlich, 1802)
Genus:
Echinoparyphium
Dietz, 1909
21.
Echinoparyphium recurvatum
(von Linstow, 1873)
Genus:
Petasiger
Dietz, 1909
22.
Petasiger (Neopetasiger) skrjabini
Baschkirova, 1941
Family: Notocotylidae Luhe, 1909
Genus:
Notocotylus
Diesing, 1839
23.
Notocotylus attenuatus
(Rudolphi, 1809)
Family: Plagiorchiidae Lühe, 1901
Genus:
Plagiorchis
Lühe, 1899
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24.
Plagiorchis arcuatus
Shtrom, 1924
Family: Prosthogonimidae Luhe, 1909
Genus:
Prosthogonimus
Luhe, 1899
25
.
Prosthogonimus cuneatus
(Rudolphi, 1809)
26.
Prosthogonimus ovatus
(Rudolphi, 1803)
27
.
Prosthogonimus pellucidus
(von Linstow, 1873)
Tip (Phylum): NEMATODA Diesing, 1861
Class: CHROMADOREA Inglis, 1983
Order: Rhabditida Chitwood, 1933
Family: Acuariidae Railliet, Henry & Sisoff, 1912
Genus:
Acuaria
Bremser, 1811
28.
Acuaria hamulosa
(Diesing, 1851)
29.
Acuaria spiralis
Molin, 1858
Family: Amidostomidae Travassos, 1919
Genus:
Amidostomum
Railliet & Henry, 1909
30.
Amidostomum
monodon
(Linstow, 1882)
31.
Amidostomum anseris
(Zeder, 1800)
Family: Ascaridiidae Travassos, 1919
Genus:
Ascaridia
Dujardin, 1845
32.
Ascaridia galli
(Schrank, 1788)
33.
Ascaridia numidae
Leiper, 1908
Family: Heterakidae Railliet & Henry, 1912
Genus:
Ganguleterakis
Lane, 1914
34.
Ganguleterakis dispar
Schrank, 1790
Genus:
Heterakis
Dujardin, 1845
35.
Heterakis gallinarum
(Schrank, 1788)
Family: Strongylida Molin, 1861
Genus:
Syngamus
Siebold, 1836
36.
Syngamus trachea
(Montagu, 1811)
Family: Subuluridae Travassos, 1914
Genus:
Subulura
Molin, 1860
37.
Subulura suctoria
(Molin, 1860)
Family: Syngamidae Leiper, 1912
Genus:
Cyathostoma
Blanchard, 1849
38.
Cyathostoma bronchialis
(Mühlig, 1884)
Family: Tetrameridae Travassos, 1914
Genus:
Tetrameres
Creplin, 1846
39.
Tetrameres fissispina
(Diesing, 1861)
40.
Tetrameres spinosa
(Maplestone, 1931)
Family: Thelaziidae Skrjabin, 1915
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The abundance of parasitic worms in the study area is
associated with the relatively high maintenance of
domestic chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese in
households, as well as the diverse biotopes of the
valley. The list presented shows that the helminths in
domestic poultry of the region are quite diverse.
Notably, about ten species of helminths discovered
had not been previously recorded in the Fergana
Valley. During the research, differences in the helminth
fauna structure of domestic poultry were observed.
The helminth fauna of domestic poultry, based on
taxonomic composition, includes 27 species of
flatworms (Platyhelminthes), representing 60% of the
total helminth fauna. The remaining species (18
species, 40%) belong to nematodes.
Faunistic analysis results show that the class
distribution, based on the number of species,
decreases in the following order: Trematoda - 15
species (33.3%), Chromadorea - 14 species (31.1%),
Cestoda - 12 species (26.7%), and the class Nematoda -
4 species (8.9%).
When comparing the helminth species by order, they
are divided into 5 orders, with each class having varying
numbers of representatives. Specifically, the class
Cestoda includes the order Cyclophyllidea, while the
class Trematoda includes the orders Diplostomida and
Plagiorchiida, and the class Chromadorea includes the
order Rhabditida, with the class Enoplea represented
by the order Enoplida.
Among domestic poultry, the order Rhabditida has the
highest number of species (14), accounting for 31.1% of
the helminth fauna. The number of families (9, or
47.4%) and genera (10, or 32.3%) within this order also
lead compared to other orders. A similar situation is
observed in the order Plagiorchiida of the class
Trematoda, which includes 5 families (26.3%), 7 genera
(22.6%), and 12 species (26.7%). This distribution is also
found among the order Cyclophyllidea of the class
Cestoda (12 species, 26.7%).
The large number of representatives in the
aforementioned
orders,
especially
Raillietina
Fuhrmann,
Skrjabinia
Fuhrmann,
Echinostoma
Rudolphi, Notocotylus Diesing, Prosthogonimus Luhe,
Acuaria Bremser, Ascaridia Dujardin, and Heterakis
Dujardin, can be attributed to their widespread
occurrence in nature and the high density of these taxa
(see Table 1).
Genus:
Oxyspirura
Dsresche, 1897
41.
Oxyspirura schulzi
(Skrjabin, 1929)
Class: ENOPLEA Inglis, 1983
Order: Enoplida Flipjev, 1929
Family: Capillaridae Railliet, 1915
Genus:
Aonchotheca
López-Neyra, 1947
42.
Aonchotheca caudinflata
(Molin, 1858)
Genus:
Baruscapillaria
Moravec, 1982
43.
Baruscapillaria obsignata
(Madsen, 1945)
Genus:
Capillaria
Zeder, 1800
44.
Capillaria anatis
(Schrank, 1790)
45.
Capillaria phasianina
Kotlan, 1940
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Leading large groups in the helminth fauna of domestic
poultry (Cicadinea, Aphidinea) are of significant
interest to other researchers due to their high
representation [1, 3, 4, 9, 11]. The next most prominent
group is the order Enoplea of nematodes, which
includes 1 family (5.3%), 3 genera (9.7%), and 4 species
(8.9%).
Moreover, the order Diplostomida of trematodes
includes only 1 family (5.3%), 3 genera (9.7%), and 3
species (6.7%) (see table 1).
Table 1
Taxonomic distribution of helminths in domestic poultry of the
Fergana Valley
Phy
lu
m
Class
Order
Nu
m
be
r o
f
fa
m
ily
%
s
har
e
Nu
m
be
r o
f
g
enu
s
%
s
har
e
Nu
m
be
r o
f
spe
cie
s
%
s
har
e
Platyhelm
in
tes
Cestoda
Cyclophyllidea
3
15.8%
8
25.8%
12
26,7%
Trematoda
Diplostomida
1
5.3%
3
9.7%
3
6,7%
Plagiorchiida
5
26.3%
7
22.6%
12
26,7%
Nem
ato
d
a
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
9
47.4%
10
32.3%
14
31,1%
Enoplea
Enoplida
1
5.3%
3
9.7%
4
8,9%
Total
19
100%
31
100%
45
100%
Analyzing the distribution of helminths by family, 8
families (Dilepididae, Collyriclidae, Notocotylidae,
Plagiorchiidae, Strongylida, Subuluridae, Syngamidae,
Thelaziidae) are monotopic, 5 families (Acuariidae,
Amidostomidae,
Ascaridiidae,
Heterakidae,
Tetrameridae) have 2 species each and are bitopic, 2
families (Schistosomatidae, Prosthogonimidae) are
tritopic, with 3 species each, and 1 family (Capillaridae)
is tetratopic with 4 species. The remaining 3 families
(Davaineidae, Hymenolepididae, Echinostomatidae)
are polytopic, with more than 5 species. The families
Hymenolepididae and Echinostomatidae are dominant
in domestic poultry of the Fergana Valley.
The diversity of helminth species is accompanied by a
high number of genera. In domestic poultry of the
Fergana Valley, helminths belonging to 31 genera were
identified. Of these, 22 genera (70.9%) are monotopic,
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
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5 genera (16.1%) are bitopic, 3 genera (9.7%) are tritopic,
and 1 genus (3.2%) is tetratopic, with 4 species.
CONCLUSION
The modern species composition of helminths in
domestic poultry of the Fergana Valley has been
studied, and 45 species have been identified. These
include 12 species of cestodes, 15 species of
trematodes, and 18 species of nematodes.
During the research, representatives of the families
Davaineidae, Ascaridiidae, Heterakidae, Strongylida,
and Capillaridae (Raillietina tetragona, Skrjabinia
cesticillus, Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum,
Syngamus trachea) were found in almost all domestic
poultry.
Research on the distribution, biology, and host
damage properties of these helminths is essential for
developing control measures against them. Therefore,
further studies on helminths in domestic poultry are
ongoing.
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