Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
65
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
Pages:
65-68
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article is devoted to the engineering-geological zoning of the foundation project on the saline soils of the Kanlikul
district. The features of the region's geological and hydrogeological conditions, as well as the influence of soil salinity
on the stability and durability of building structures, are considered. The methods of engineering-geological zoning
used to assess the suitability of soils for construction are described. The article proposes solutions for designing
foundations taking into account the specifics of saline soils, as well as measures to reduce the negative impact of
salinization on construction sites. The work is aimed at improving design and construction practices in the region's
complex geological conditions.
KEYWORDS
Engineering-geological zoning, saline soils, Kanlikul district, foundations, hydrogeological conditions, design,
foundation stability, construction structures.
INTRODUCTION
Engineering-geological zoning is an important stage in
the design of construction sites, especially in
conditions of complex geological factors, such as soil
salinity. Saline soils are characterized by a high content
of soluble salts, which negatively affects the strength
and durability of building structures, particularly
foundations [3]. The Kanlikul district, located in the
southern part of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, is one
of the zones with pronounced soil salinity, which
creates additional difficulties in design and
construction. In this regard, studying the engineering
and geological conditions of this area to ensure safe
Research Article
ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL ZONING OF THE FOUNDATION PROJECT ON
SALINE SOILS OF KANLIKUL DISTRICT
Submission Date:
October 12, 2024,
Accepted Date:
October 17, 2024,
Published Date:
October 22, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume04Issue10-10
Aytbaeva Aygul Abatbaevna
Intern-teacher of Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
66
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
Pages:
65-68
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
and durable construction is of particular importance.
The purpose of this article is to conduct an engineering-
geological zoning of the Kanlikul district, with an
emphasis on soil salinity, and to develop
recommendations for designing foundations in these
conditions. To achieve this goal, the work considers the
geological and hydrogeological characteristics of the
area, analyzes the degree of soil salinity, and proposes
solutions to minimize the negative consequences of
salinization on construction sites.
The geological structure of the area is characterized by
a predominance of sedimentary rocks formed through
prolonged sedimentation processes. The upper layers
mainly consist of loams, sands, and clayey soils, which
exhibit varying degrees of density and bearing
capacity. The presence of alluvial deposits formed by
ancient rivers adds complexity to the region's
stratigraphic structure. This diversity requires
designers to closely study local conditions to select
optimal foundation solutions. The main soil types in the
Kanlikul District are loams, clays, and sands, which
differ in their physical and mechanical properties.
Loams and clays, with low permeability, are prone to
retaining moisture, especially due to the close
occurrence of groundwater. In contrast, sands, while
highly permeable, have low bearing capacity, which
poses additional challenges for designers when
selecting the type of foundation. The hydrogeological
conditions of the region also play a crucial role. The
Kanlikul District, located in an arid climate zone, suffers
from a lack of precipitation; however, the groundwater
level remains relatively high. This creates a risk of
capillary rise of moisture to the surface layers, leading
to salt accumulation and deteriorating construction
conditions. Therefore, special attention should be
given
to
drainage
systems
and
foundation
waterproofing. A high degree of soil salinity is one of
the key issues faced by designers. Saline soils reduce
bearing capacity and can damage construction
materials such as concrete and metal. Consequently,
the selection of corrosion-resistant materials and the
application of waterproofing technologies become top
priorities. Although the Kanlikul District is not classified
as a high seismic activity zone, it is important to
consider the possibility of minor ground vibrations
when designing large structures, which may be
amplified by local geological conditions. This
underscores the need for thorough engineering and
geological surveys and monitoring of soil conditions.
The climatic conditions of the region, characterized by
high evaporation and a lack of precipitation, also
impact soil stability. In the summer months, soils may
dry out, leading to cracking, while in winter, increased
groundwater levels can cause oversaturation, further
compromising stability. Thus, designing foundations
on saline soils in the Kanlikul District requires a
comprehensive approach, including detailed studies of
engineering and geological conditions, the selection of
durable materials, and the implementation of
specialized technologies. Timely and high-quality
design will ensure the reliability and longevity of
construction projects, facilitating their successful
operation under the challenging conditions of the
region.
Designing foundations on saline soils is a complex and
responsible task that requires special attention to
engineering and geological conditions. These
conditions determine the durability and stability of
construction structures, particularly in regions like the
Kanlikul District, where soil salinity and aggressive
groundwater present additional challenges. The first
step in the design process is a detailed engineering and
geological study, which allows for the assessment of
the physical and mechanical properties of the soils,
groundwater levels, and the degree of salinity. This
data forms the basis for selecting the optimal type of
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
67
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
Pages:
65-68
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
foundation. In areas of high salinity, it is recommended
to design shallow foundations to minimize the impact
of aggressive groundwater on the structures. Several
types of foundations exist, each with its advantages
depending on site conditions. Strip foundations are
often used for buildings with light loads and uniform
soil characteristics. In the case of saline soils, insulated
or waterproofed strip foundations are preferred to
protect against moisture and salt penetration. For
areas with highly saline upper layers, pile foundations
are more effective. Piles transfer loads to deeper
layers, which may have better physical and mechanical
properties. Plate foundations, on the other hand,
evenly distribute loads and minimize the risk of uneven
settlement, making them suitable for heterogeneous
soils [6].
The choice of construction materials also plays a crucial
role. In saline soil conditions, it is essential to use
waterproofing
materials,
such
as
bituminous
membranes and polymer coatings, to protect the
foundation from moisture and salt exposure. Concrete
should have high density and low water absorption,
and for the protection of reinforcement and other
metal
elements,
anti-corrosion
coatings
are
recommended. Additionally, the organization of
drainage systems is a critical aspect that prevents
capillary rise of moisture to the foundations. Effective
solutions may include ring drainage or drainage
systems utilizing geosynthetic materials. Such
measures help reduce the risk of salt accumulation in
the upper soil layers. Equally important are measures
to protect foundations from capillary rise of moisture
and frost heave. Installing geotextile under the
foundation enhances drainage and prevents salt
penetration, while insulating foundations in cold
regions protects against destructive processes
associated with frost [4].
After construction is completed, it is necessary to
conduct regular monitoring of the foundation and the
surrounding environment. Measuring groundwater
levels, checking the condition of waterproofing, and
monitoring for possible deformations allow for the
timely identification and resolution of issues arising
from saline soils. In conclusion, designing foundations
on saline soils requires a comprehensive approach that
includes careful analysis of engineering and geological
conditions, selection of durable materials and
structural solutions, and implementation of protective
measures against the aggressive effects of salts and
moisture. This approach will ensure the durability and
stability of construction projects, facilitating their
successful operation in the challenging conditions of
the Kanlikul District.
CONCLUSION
Engineering and geological zoning and foundation
design on saline soils in the Kanlikul District is a
complex yet crucial task for ensuring safe and durable
construction.
In
conditions
where
soils
are
characterized by high salt content and low bearing
capacity, a meticulous approach to selecting
construction technologies and protective measures is
essential. The analysis of the engineering and
geological conditions in the Kanlikul District has shown
that soil salinity, the close occurrence of groundwater,
and complex hydrogeological conditions necessitate
the use of specialized foundation design methods. The
implementation of pile and slab foundations, the use of
high-quality waterproofing materials, the organization
of effective drainage systems, and the monitoring of
groundwater levels are key factors that can
significantly reduce the risk of structural damage and
enhance durability. A comprehensive consideration of
engineering and geological conditions, along with the
integration of innovative technologies in construction,
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
68
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
Pages:
65-68
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
will minimize the negative impact of soil salinity on
foundations and ensure the reliable operation of
structures in the Kanlikul District.
REFERENCES
1.
Aimbetov I.K., Bekimbetov R.T. Engineering and
geoecological assessment of soils salinity in Nukus
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Environmental Management (APEEM 2021)
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Cai, G., Liu, S., Meng, H., Yang, Y., & Zhang, W.
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Chen, X., Wang, H., Zhou, J., & Liu, F. (2020).
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