Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
80
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
80-85
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The presence of chromium in the environment poses a potential mutagenic hazard to all animal and plant life, including
humans. Methods have been proposed for detecting the formation of chromium, isolating it, and recovering it from
contaminated environmental samples. The permissible limits of chromium in environmental samples such as industrial
waste, workplace particles, plants, aquatic animals, and food samples have been studied. A suitable organic reagent
has been selected. A sorption spectroscopic method has been developed for the determination of chromium (III) in
industrial effluents. An optimal sorbent has been selected for the chosen organic reagent. A method for
immobilization was developed, and immobilization was carried out with the selected carrier. The pH dependence of
the complex formation between chromium (III) and the organic reagent was studied. The structure of the complex
formed with the immobilized Nitrozo-R reagent was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray
fluorescence spectroscopy.
KEYWORDS
Sorption-spectroscopy, immobilization, nitroso-R-salt, chromium, organic reagents, PPA fiber.
INTRODUCTION
Research Article
SORPTION SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF
CHROMIUM (III) IONS
Submission Date:
December 15, 2024,
Accepted Date:
December 20, 2024,
Published Date:
December 30, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume04Issue12-14
G.U. Mirakhmova
Almalyk Branch Tashkent State Technical University named after I. Karimov, Uzbekistan
N.K. Madusmanova
Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Z.Z. Yakhshiyeva
Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Z.A. Smanova
Mirzo Ulugbek National University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajast
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
81
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
80-85
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Chromium exists in various forms in the environment,
and its toxicity levels vary accordingly. In its hexavalent
form, chromium is highly soluble in water. This
property allows it to easily contaminate water bodies
and become bioavailable to humans by reacting with
cellular
components.
Long-term
exposure
to
chromium in humans can lead to a range of serious
health issues, including microcytic anemia, damage to
mitochondrial and blood cell DNA, which in turn can
cause
carcinogenicity,
occupational
asthma,
heightened sensitivity of the respiratory system, and
inflammatory diseases of the nose and eyes. Pollution
is not only endemic but also propagated through other
branches of the natural environment, such as the food
chain and transportation systems. Numerous studies
are ongoing to reduce the levels of chromium
contamination in the environment. [1-2]
The recommended daily intake of chromium is 35 µg
for men and 25 µg for women. However, for individuals
over the age of 50, it is advised to reduce the daily dose
to 30 µg for men and 25 µg for women. [3]
Excess chromium in the form of industrially used
chromates poses significant health risks due to its
accumulation in the div. Its toxicity can result in skin
irritation, allergic reactions, and even cancer.
Prolonged exposure to chromium can lead to the
development of conditions such as digestive disorders,
nausea,
vomiting,
abdominal
pain,
diarrhea,
dehydration, impaired kidney function, cardiovascular
dysfunction (including blood pressure fluctuations and
arrhythmias), and deterioration of the nervous system.
This includes symptoms like irritability, anxiety,
depression, headaches, impaired motor coordination,
memory loss, sleep disturbances, vision problems,
damage to the liver and kidneys, and hormonal
imbalances. [4]
For decades, river sediments exposed to manganese-
laden wastewater have been found to contain not only
numerous microorganisms but also organic and
inorganic substances. To effectively treat wastewater
containing chromium (Cr) and extract Cr from water
and sediments, the sorption mechanisms of Cr ions in
wastewater from chromium mining areas have been
studied. This research aims to provide guidelines for
managing and recovering Cr from river sediments in
chromium mining regions, as well as to offer a better
understanding of the sorption and desorption
mechanisms. [5]
Currently, various organic reagents are being used to
detect heavy and toxic metal ions in wastewater and
industrial effluent. There are numerous methods
available for detecting chromium (III) ions. In this
study, an organic reagent containing a nitroso group,
specifically nitroso-R-salt, was used for the detection of
chromium (III) ions.
Selection of the Optimal Carrier
Table 1
Fiber
A
Before
Immobilization
A,
After
Immobilization
ΔA
PPA
PPD
PPF
SMA-1
0,553
0,553
0,553
0,553
0,295
0,433
0,387
0,424
0,298
0,12
0,166
0,129
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
82
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
80-85
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
SMA-2
SMA-3
0,553
0,553
0,490
0,465
0,063
0,088
Various carriers were selected for immobilization. To
prepare them for immobilization, they were converted
into their chloride form. For this, 0.2000 g of each
carrier was weighed using an analytical balance and
immersed in 50.0 mL of 0.1 M HCl for 1 hour. They were
then washed 2-3 times with distilled water. The carriers
that transitioned into the chloride form were
immersed in the nitroso-R-salt reagent, and the
optimal carrier was selected. Based on the results
presented in Table 1, PPA fiber was chosen as the
optimal carrier.
The spectra of the organic reagent and complex
compounds are described in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Spectra of Nitrozo-R-salt and its complexes with Cr(III) ions
The presence of the complex formed between
immobilized PPA fiber and Cr(III) ions can be explained
by the diffraction patterns in the analysis from the
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) detector, which
show a signal characteristic of chromium ions. The
analysis results are presented in Figure 2.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
83
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
80-85
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Figure 2. Complex formed by Cr(III) ions with nitroso-R-salt immobilized on PPA fiber
Table 2
SEM Analysis Results of the Complex Formed by Cr(III) Ions with Nitrozo-R-salt Immobilized on PPA Fiber
Element
Nitroso-R-salt + PPA
Nitroso-R-salt + PPA +Cr(III)
Masa%
Atom%
Masa%
Atom%
C
36.15±0.03
42.54±0.03
35.76±0.03
43.81±0.03
N
26.98±0.07
27.23±0.07
25.15±0.06
26.42±0.07
O
32.69±0.07
28.88±0.06
29.06±0.06
26.73±0.06
Al
0.35±0.00
0.18±0.00
0.34±0.00
0.18±0.00
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
84
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
80-85
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
S
0.13±0.00
0.06±0.00
0.13±0.00
0.06±0.00
Cl
0.79±0.01
0.32±0.00
0.75±0.01
0.31±0.00
Cr
2.90±0.01
0.79±0.00
8.81±0.32
2.49±0.09
According to the analysis results, the presence of Cr(III)
ions in the immobilized PPA fiber complex formed with
the metal ion indicates the selectivity and efficiency of
the developed method. The structure of the
immobilized complex was studied using X-ray
fluorescence. The composition of the complex formed
by Cr(III) ions with the immobilized nitroso-R-salt
reagent was analyzed through X-ray fluorescence.
.
Figure 3. Immobilized Nitrozo-R-salt
Figure 4. Complex formed by immobilized Nitrozo-R-salt and Cr(III) ions
Based on the results obtained from the X-ray
fluorescence analysis of the complex formed by Cr(III)
ions with the nitroso-R-salt reagent, it was proven that
the complex was indeed formed. The optimal
conditions for detection (pH = 3-4, t = 15 min, T = 25°C)
were selected.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
85
American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology
(ISSN
–
2771-2745)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
80-85
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
It can be concluded that the toxic properties of heavy
metals on the health of living organisms are negative,
and this requires constant environmental monitoring
as well as ongoing control over the composition of
wastewater and waste from industrial enterprises and
other industrial facilities. Furthermore, it has been
proven that there is a need to develop new modern
analytical methods for detecting heavy metals in waste
and wastewater. The method developed in this study
will help to achieve the goal of increasing the detection
rate while reducing the emissions of pollutants during
the analysis of concentrations in chromium industries.
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