American Journal of Applied Science and Technology
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VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue 03 2025
PAGE NO.
51-59
10.37547/ajast/Volume05Issue03-11
The role of Uzbekistan book graphics masters in the
development of graphic art
Akrom Bakhramov
Senior Teacher National Institute of Art and Design named Kamoliddin Behzod, Department of Fine Arts Subdepartment of Miniature
and Book Graphics, Uzbekistan
Received:
21 January 2025;
Accepted:
25 February 2025;
Published:
23 March 2025
Abstract:
In the article, the author expresses his thoughts about his teachers, dedicated to the 100th anniversary
of the birth of Kutlug Basharov, an artist who made a significant contribution to the development of Uzbek graphic
art through his works in the field of graphic design and book graphics, and the 85th anniversary of the birth of
Iskandar Vohidov. He emphasizes that they were outstanding teachers.
Keywords:
Kutlug Basharov, Iskandar Vahidov, easel graphics, book graphics, printing house, publishing house,
creativity, composition, engraving, teacher- student.
Introduction:
This year marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of
Kutlug Basharov.
People's Artist of Uzbekistan, Honored Art person of
Uzbekistan. Academician of the Academy of Sciences of
Uzbekistan. Professor of the TTRI. Holder of a number
of orders and medals.
Kutlug Basharov was bron in 1925 in Alma-Ata. In 1956
he graduated from RRBJU. Member of the Artists'
Union of the Republic of Uzbekistan since 1965. In 1970
he has been titled "Honored Art Worker of Uzbekistan."
In 1975 - title of "People's Artist of Uzbekistan." In 1976
he graduated from TTRI. 1980. - Laureate of the Hamza
State Prize. 1985 - Associate Professor, Professor at
TTRI. 1988 - Order
ща "Dustlik." 1994.
- Medal "Shuhrat."
1997
-
Academician of the
Academy
of
Sciences
of
Uzbekistan.
- Order "El-yurt
hurmati." In 2004
he passed away in
Tashkent. As is well
known, from 1917
to
1991,
the
socialist
system
and ideology prevailed in the USSR, including in
Uzbekistan.
This
system
was
harsh
and
uncompromising. If one of the creators did not "sing"
"socialist realism," the current system, they would not
be given anywhere and their books would not be
published. At the same time, it was clear that the
Creator would have dark days.
Therefore, let's remember a little about his significant
contribution to professional skill and graphics, not
paying attention to what the heroes of our article
wrote, who lived and worked at that time. Kutlug
Basharov, an emotionally expressive person, loved that
in his works there were sharpness, struggle, sharp
contrasts. He confidently used large silhouettes,
asymmetric compositions. This is evidenced by what he
said below. 'I love horses. Since childhood, I dreamed
of becoming a rider, so I painted horses from nature. "
Courageous and courageous people bring me more
pleasure when I tell them about the moments of my
actions. "In the paintings 'Horse Racing' and 'Taking the
Scarf,' I sought to depict the movement of riders and
the beauty of horses." In warlike images, today's reality
is combined with history, national folklore about the
greatness of the national spirit.
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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745)
1-
Picture. From the series “Equestrian sport” Archery. 1971 y. Linocut. 65x75
sm.
1-
Picture. From the series “Equestrian sport” Hockey on horseback. 1971
y. Linocut. 65x75 sm.
"In 1978, Kutlug Basharov created covers and
illustrations for B. Boykobilov's book 'Meeting and
Separation,' in 1979 for 'Nurly Caravan,' and in 1980
for 'The Youth of Alisher Navoi,' as well as for a
number of other books."
Basharov's work coincided with the period when his
traditional forms and methodological technique
changed in Uzbek graphics, the revival of various
prints on a new figurative basis began, and in book art
there was a renewal of design tools and the printing
base. During these years, the book edition came to
the fore the question that the book should be "a
completely
artistic
organism
with
certain
architectural laws." It was Basharov who was one of
the first to solve these problems "in his practical
activities."The famous Uzbek graphic artist Iskandar
Ikramov noticed the talent of the young artist and
invited him to develop one of the books. K. Basharov
adequately coped with this task. Three years later, K.
Basharov became a member of the Union of Artists.
He had another favorite word.
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3-
Picture.Abu Ali ibn Sina 1975 y.Linocut
4 - Beruni.
1972 y.Linocut,
70х90sm.
5-Picture. Milkmaid.1973 й.
Lithography
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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745)
6-Picture.Gardener. 1973 й.
Lithography
“The artist once said, Above all, I love to depict strong
individuals, moments of intense struggle, and the
peak of human strength” .
The description of the work with rational use of the
environment and objects corresponding to each plot
leads to increased expressiveness of the work, mind,
mental state of the viewer, aesthetic pleasure. Of
course, color affects the human psyche. Only the
owner of high taste, high skill can penetrate this spirit
and bring any image to the level of art.
At those time one of the main tasks set before the law
was to create "hardworking" images. The artist also
creates a number of works in this direction. We see
the appearance of gardener, shepherd, milkman,
silkworm, cotton harvester and other characters.
Even in the lithograph depicting the face of the
gardener Rizamat Ota, you immediately feel what the
story is about, as soon as you see the grapes ripening
in the vines. The main character and the world
surrounding him, his creation, the meaning of life.
K. Basharov's works are valuable for the unique
integrity of images and plots, their clarity and clarity,
and the absence of unnecessary elements.
Since 1977, K. Basharov's work has also shown an
increased interest in book graphics, and a number of
interesting books have been decorated. The covers
and illustrations were executed in watercolor and
tempera techniques. A number of works by the poets
B. Boykobilov and Sh. Rashidov can be cited as an
example. In these works, the complexity of the image
is clearly felt, attention is paid to multifaceted, multi-
layered images.
7
- Picture. Sh Rashidov “Kashmir's song”. 1977 y.
illustration”. Tempera.
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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745)
8
- Picture Sh Rashidov “Kashmir's song”. 1977 y.
illustration”. Tempera.
9
Picture.“Nodirabegim in garden”,1977 y. illustration”. Tempera.
"The master's work demonstrates his ability to create
both easel art and book illustrations across various
themes, genres, and techniques." "Basharov was
multifaceted andwas a versatile artist, "said art critic S.
Nemtsovich K. Basharov's works were awarded silver
medals of the former USSR Academy of Arts, gold and
silver medals at exhibitions of achievements of the
national economy, as well as numerous diplomas of
international book art competitions. K. Basharov, with
his illustrations and graphic instruments for Uzbek
classical literature and epics, made his worthy
contribution to the development of the art of
Uzbekistan.
10- Picture. Self-portrait,
1974 y. Linocut. 60x50
sm..
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This year marks the 85th anniversary of the birth of
graphic artist Iskandar Vakhidov.
We also know I. Vakhidov as a wonderful book
illustrator. His illustrations reflect the spirit of his time
and era.
Graphic artist. Born in 1940 in the city of Toshovuz,
Turkmen SSR. In 1968 he graduated from the Tashkent
Republican Art School named after P. Benkov, and in
1974 from the Tashkent Institute of Theater Arts and
Art named after A. N. Ostrovsky. Since 1971 he has
been collaborating with the publishing houses
"Uzbekistan" and "Young Guard". From 1974 to 2000
he was a teacher at the TTR. Since 1975 he has been a
member of the UzRU / BIU. 1991 - Personal exhibition
(50 years). 2000 - Personal exhibition. (2000). Silver
medal of the UzBA. He is a participant in international,
graphics, and since 1975 he has been a member of the
USSR Union of Artists. "An artist must possess rich life
experience, deep creative knowledge, and a profound
understanding of the world. According to the laws of
artistic truth, an artist must be a thinker who
transforms
life's
phenomena,
analyzing
and
synthesizing the essence of life to depict the external
appearance of objects." The process of artistic creation
begins with the study of the environment. Because one
cannot understand the essence by looking at it alone,
one must feel it.
10-
Picture. M Sheverdin “Announce 1974 y. Linocut, illustration
11-Picture. M Sheverdin “Announce 1974 y.
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Linocut, illustration
12-
Picture. M Sheverdin “Announce 1974 y.
Linocut, illustration
"Nature itself teaches synthesis and reveals the
essence of everything that catches the eye. Nature
itself shows its facets, reminds us that it is a source of
life. One only needs to feel it. Based on these noble
intentions, I created my series of works on the theme
"Appearances of Chilanzar"," says the author. The artist
is notable for his ability to reflect national traditions in
book graphics in a unique creative style. The
illustrations were made in color lithography and
watercolor techniques.
I. Vokhidov was a very active and demanding artist in
the field of book graphics. Writers and poets E.
Samandar, “J. Manguberdi”, “Spring Evenings”, I.
Norboev’s “Mountain Stories”, I. Jabborov’s “Treasure
of Ancient Culture and Spirituality”, E. Vokhidov’s “War
of
the Cockroachs” for children, writer I. Rahim’s
"Earth's Fatigue," Yo Shukurova's "Kalb Kanati," S.
Kadyrov's "Let a good name remain from a person,"
Ya.Qurbon's "Omonyor", "Hoplam to'plam" of
Abdurazzak, "Dream Flower" of O Khojieva, writer P
Shermuhamedov's "If you do not burn, I will not burn,"
wrote dedicated to the tragedy of the Aral sea.
13-
Picture.Chilanzar. 1983 y.
Lithography, 35x45 sm.
"Spring generosity" by Azizkhojaev, Sh. Siddikov's "If
you are a scientist, then the world is yours", M.
Abdusamatova "Dear Children," V. Rasputin "Fire," A.
"Stars" Mukhtar for children, N. Geldiev "Сapricious
girl," N. Narzullaev "Glow" U. Temur, S. Wahids "Santa's
wish" I. Muslim's "Oikhon wa Raikhon" L. Makhmudov
"Secrets of the Old Dutor," K. O'taev's "The Ensamble
of Chinor" O'taeva, T. O. Shakir's "Shirinak Holiday," M.
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Mansurov "Brave Life," "Life and Amazing Adventures
of Robison Crusoe" Daniel Defoe,A Hoji "Letter to
Son,". R Tolib's "Don't say you haven't heard,". The
covers and internal illustrations of books written for
children "Two Springs" were made by the artist with
great skill. I. Vokhidov has been a member of the Union
of Artists of Uzbekistan since 1975. He has participated
in many republican and foreign exhibitions. For
example, he participated in exhibitions in Finland and
Italy in 1978, in Poland in 1982, in France, Germany,
and England in 1983. In 1984, he participated in
exhibitions in Hungary, Germany, and San Francisco,
USA.
He also held a 60th anniversary personal exhibition in
1991. In 2000, the artist was awarded the silver medal
of the Academy of Arts of Uzbekistan for his active
creative activity, and in 1995, in connection with the
65th anniversary personal exhibition of the humble
artist, he was awarded the gold medal of the Academy
of Arts.
After the 50s and 60s, art, including graphic art,
developed at a very rapid pace in the All-Union (USSR).
Graphic workshops were opened in our country as well.
Along with artists from all over, mostly from Russia,
local artists also began to create.
14-
Picture.Landscape.1991 y. p. watercolor
As a result, this bore fruit and Uzbek fine arts rose to
high levels. But sadly, the current situation is not as
good as it used to be. Nowadays, works made in the
graphic techniques of lithography, linocut, etching, and
xylography have almost disappeared from exhibitions.
There are objective and subjective reasons for this.
Partly due to the mentality, due to the sale of graphics,
due to the low attitude towards it (in Europe it is even
put above painting), due to the fact that the previously
existing workshop disappeared under the artistic
union, due to the lack of a real schedule within the
artistic direction and other reasons that led graphics to
the current helpless state.
K. Teaching students of book graphics at the Behzod
National Institute of Arts and Design these unique art
forms gives hope for the preservation of these classical
graphics methods in the future. That's good.
In 2004, People's Artist of Uzbekistan Medat Kagarov
and watercolorist Marat Sodikolar I. In his
characteristics about Vakhidov, he called him "The
Great Master of Lyrical Works with a Beautiful Thin
Heart." During these words, he was recommended for
the title of Honored Artist of Uzbekistan. Many works
of the artist in Tashkent at the State Museum of ArtIt is
stored in museums in Angren, Bukhara, Urgench,
Kokand and foreign countries and private collections.
The artist created the symbol of the international music
festival "Shark Taronalari" in collaboration with
Tursunali Koziev. The author of signs dedicated to the
1130th anniversary of Imam al-Motrudi. I. In 1991,
Vakhidov was awarded the silver medal of the Academy
of Arts of Uzbekistan, and in 2007 - the badge "15 years
of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan."
The fact that I. Vakhidov was an outstanding and
famous graphic artist in Uzbekistan, an outstanding
artist, can be judged by the numerous graphic works
and book decorations created by him.
I want to go back in history a little and honor the
memory of my teachers. In 1978- 1984 year studied at
the Tashkent Institute of Theater and Painting,
specializing in graphics. At the beginning of the 1983-
1984 academic year, we introduced students to the
diploma leader and his assistant. Our assistant was
Alexander Vakhidov. I have never seen Kutlug
Basharov, the head of the diploma, before. They were
confident and bold people. Of course, our respect grew
even more after getting to know their work closely and
feeling the sincere treatment. We all worked on our
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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745)
diploma for a year. The diploma turned out well. I got a
good grade. Both teachers worked together at the
university for many years, graduating students. After
the institute, we met each other at the Union. We still
visit Iskandar aka Vohidov.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we can say that the work of these two
gentlemen will make a significant contribution to our
fine arts, and will show the younger generation a
creative path worthy of imitation. We wish good health
to the retired teacher Iskandar Vakhidov and offer our
prayers for the soul of the late master Kutlug Basharov.
REFERENCE
Kh. Karamatov and team of authors. Art of Uzbekistan
(1991-2001 years.) 2001. Tashkent "Sharq" Publishing
House - Printing House Shareholder Campaign General
Editorial. Graphics. 53-60 pages.
Let's talk about our creativity. (Artists about their
creativity) 32-33, 40-41 pages.
Sergey Nemtsovich. Talent that served humanity Art •
01/04/2005 • No. 2 • Issue 1278
N. Abdullaev. History of the art of Uzbekistan. 2009.
Tashkent.
A. Khakimov. Art of Uzbekistan. 2018. Tashkent.
Rafael Toktash. Art. Iskandar Vohidov. (graphic artist
and watercolorist). 2010. 3rd issue. pp. 20-21.
J. Saidalieva. "Temperature. The art of Soviet
Uzbekistan.” 1989.4
-issue.13- page.
