American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
16
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VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue07 2025
PAGE NO.
16-20
10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue07-04
Comparative Study of Anthropometric Characteristics
and Cardiorespiratory System Functional Activity in
Girls Living in Different Regions of The Aral Sea Area
Ibraymova Ayzada Keuilimjay qizi
Master's student at Berdaq Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan
Received:
31 May 2025;
Accepted:
27 June 2025;
Published:
29 July 2025
Abstract:
This article presents a comparative study of anthropometric and cardiorespiratory indicators among
adolescent girls living in different ecological zones of the Aral Sea region in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Within
the framework of the study, girls aged 11-15 from the districts of Muynak, Kungrad, and Takhtakupir were
selected, and their div structure and functional activity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems were
assessed.
Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in certain anthropometric parameters (div mass, arm and
thigh length, shoulder width) depending on the ecological area. The results of this study highlight the extent to
which the health of children living in the Aral Sea region is influenced by environmental conditions and may serve
as a scientific basis for the development of regional health improvement measures.
Keywords:
Aral Sea region, ecological zones, adolescent girls, anthropometric indicators, div composition,
cardiorespiratory system, health, ecological stress, regional differences, statistical analysis.
Introduction:
Over the past decades, as a result of the
sharp decrease in water volume in the Aral Sea, the
ecological situation in the lower reaches of the Amu
Darya has begun to deteriorate. The continental
characteristics of the climate in the region have
intensified, air humidity has sharply decreased, and the
process of the Aral shores drying up and turning into
desert has accelerated. Degradation of natural
resources and pollution of the environment with
pesticides and industrial waste are being observed.
The rise of salt and dust into the air from the dried part
of the Aral Sea is causing the disruption of sanitary-
hygienic, medical-biological, and ecological conditions
in this area. As a result, a deep transformation process
occurred in the Aral Sea natural ecosystems and large-
scale ecological changes were observed. This situation
led to the formation of a new ecological center that can
be called an "extreme environment."
Today, the issue of determining exactly which factors
are causing the decline in health indicators of the
population in the Republic of Uzbekistan is urgent.
Finding a clear and scientifically based answer to this
question is complex and requires a multifaceted
approach. In particular, the systematic study of adverse
factors affecting health and identifying their causes and
consequences is one of the most important directions
of modern physiological science.
From this point of view, studying the anthropometric
indicators
and
functional
activity
of
the
cardiorespiratory system of young people, particularly
girls, living in the ecologically distinct Aral Sea region is
of great scientific and practical importance.
Research Objectives
The main goal of solving these problems consists of
determining the adaptation level of the organism
through comparative study of complex anthropometric
indicators (height, div weight, div mass index, etc.)
of girls aged 16-22 living in different ecological and
climatic conditions of the Aral Sea region, as well as the
functional activity of their cardiorespiratory system. In
achieving this goal, the following tasks were
accomplished:
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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745)
1.
Measuring anthropometric indicators
in
respondents selected from young girls living in the Aral
Sea territories:
•
Height, div weight, BMI (div mass index)
•
Width of elbow and ankle joints
•
Circumference measurements of waist, hip, calf,
wrist, shoulder, chest circumference
•
Skinfold thickness - front and back of shoulder,
abdomen, back, front of thigh, back of calf
2.
Identifying somatotypic differences
based on
the above indicators and assessing the general
developmental state of the organism through them.
3.
Determining cardiovascular and respiratory
system indicators in girls
:
•
Heart rate (HR)
•
Blood pressure (BP)
•
Respiratory rate (RR)
•
Vital capacity (VC)
4.
Comparing each indicator by regions
and
assessing the impact of ecological conditions on
anthropometric and functional development.
5.
Describing physiological criteria
that can be
applied in monitoring youth health and developmental
observation based on the obtained data.
Various pathogenic factors present in the external
environment negatively affect the human organism,
disrupting organismic homeostasis, and this condition
can cause the development of diseases. It has been
particularly noted that ecological factors play a high
role in the formation of widespread diseases such as
atherosclerosis and malignant tumors (cancer). At the
same time, ecological factors may play an important
role in the development of other types of pathological
conditions.
Based on this approach, in scientific work conducted by
Nurbekov M.K. and co-authors, new scientific
information was presented about the impact of ecology
on human health, particularly mechanisms for ensuring
homeostasis at tissue and cellular levels and controlling
the development of widespread diseases. In their
research, functional changes occurring in the organism
against the background of ecological stresses were
deeply analyzed (1).
Physical development is an important indicator
reflecting the growth and development processes of
the organism. In certain stages of ontogenesis, the
mechanism of genotypic characteristics transforming
into phenotypic characteristics under the influence of
social environmental factors is observed. This process
occurs during the growth and development stages of
the organism (2).
Physical development is the sum of morphometric
indicators
expressed
through
somatometry
coefficients, physiometry, and functional activity
indicators. Physical development is assessed based on
the following main morphometric parameters: div
height, div weight, and chest circumference (3, 4). For
complete assessment, additional indicators such as leg
and div length, shoulder and chest bone width, lung
vital capacity, back muscle strength, hand grip strength,
and functional work capacity are also taken into
account.
Somatoscopy
(assessment
based
on
external
appearance of the div) includes the study of muscle
and bone systems, skin condition, mucous membranes,
and biological maturity level (5).
METHODS
The research was conducted among study participants
living in the districts of Muynak, Kungrad, and
Takhtakupir located in the Northern Aral Sea region. In
determining div structure parameters, the generally
accepted method proposed by Erkudov V.O., Zaslavsky
D.V., Pugovkin A.P. was used.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The research results showed that there are significant
differences between morphometric indicators in girls
living in different ecological zones of the Northern Aral
Sea region of the Republic of Karakalpakstan (Table 1).
Table 1
Physical Development in Girls Living in Different Areas of the Aral Sea Region
(μ; (L.L.; U.L. 95% confidence interval)
Indicators
Zone
№1
Zone
№2
Zone
№3
P-value
(Kruskal-
Wallis
test)
P-value
(pairwise
comparisons)
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Zone №1 -
Zone №2
Zone №1
- Zone
№3
Zone
№2 -
Zone
№3
55.31
55.24
53.19
Body mass, kg
(53.32;
(54.29;
(51.60;
0.04038
1
0.7256
0.03241
57.30)
56.19)
54.78)
161.59
162.08
160.72
Height, cm
(160.51;
(161.22;
(159.67;
0.05959
1
0.8515
0.05437
162.67)
162.93)
161.76)
Trunk length,
cm
51.42
(50.37;
52.48)
53.62
(48.98;
58.25)
50.57
(49.01;
52.13)
0.177
1
0.2033
0.4631
67.81
66.80
64.63
Arm length, cm
(66.05;
(65.66;
(62.82;
0.01534
0.6735
0.01601
0.09581
69.56)
67.93)
66.44)
Shoulder
length, cm
30.23
(29.63;
30.83)
29.89
(29.34;
30.44)
29.45
(28.37;
30.52)
0.08222
1
0.09614
0.2343
Forearm length,
cm
23.32
(22.81;
23.82)
23.41
(23.09;
23.72)
22.77
(22.18;
23.36)
0.1913
1
0.4026
0.2787
Hand length,
cm
19.70
(15.62;
23.79)
18.09
(16.07;
20.11)
16.20
(14.92;
17.49)
0.002578
0.3363
0.002821
0.0371
85.13
86.72
84.55
Leg length, cm
(83.07;
(85.52;
(82.03;
0.09749
0.2591
1
0.2371
87.20)
87.91)
87.08)
Thigh length,
cm
50.29
(48.71;
51.86)
49.70
(48.95;
50.45)
47.04
(45.52;
48.56)
0.01418
1
0.06605
0.01681
34.90
36.09
36.66
Calf length, cm
(33.93;
(35.39;
(35.16;
0.0855
0.2496
0.08886
1
35.88)
36.79)
38.16)
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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745)
Indicators
Zone
№1
Zone
№2
Zone
№3
P-value
(Kruskal-
Wallis
test)
P-value
(pairwise
comparisons)
Foot length, cm
21.58
(20.88;
22.28)
21.45
(20.74;
22.17)
21.15
(20.15;
22.14)
0.493
1
0.6736
1
Chest sagittal
diameter, cm
25.50
(23.99;
27.02)
24.76
(24.47;
25.06)
24.76
(23.74;
25.79)
0.1907
1
0.3761
0.2968
Chest
transverse
diameter, cm
17.11
(16.41;
17.81)
17.69
(16.92;
18.46)
17.71
(16.80;
18.62)
0.987
1
1
1
Shoulder
acromial
diameter, cm
31.28
(30.28;
32.28)
31.80
(31.08;
32.51)
32.27
(31.05;
33.49)
0.02451
0.3014
0.02473
0.2953
Chest
circumference,
cm
84.17
(82.64;
85.69)
84.86
(83.95;
85.76)
85.59
(84.02;
87.16)
0.5678
1
0.9158
1
Distantia
cristarum, cm
25.86
(25.18;
26.54)
26.16
(25.69;
26.64)
26.76
(26.15;
27.37)
0.04587
1
0.06072
0.1263
True conjugate, cm
18.64
(18.06;
19.22)
18.60
(18.26;
18.95)
18.92
(18.19;
19.65)
0.8288
1
1
1
Distantia
trochanterica,
cm
31.53
(30.85;
32.21)
31.60
(31.22;
31.97)
31.05
(30.58;
31.53)
0.3116
1
0.9105
0.3938
Pelvic
circumference,
cm
90.91
(88.82;
93.00)
91.64
(90.34;
92.95)
90.84
(88.90;
92.77)
0.793
1
1
1
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS RESULTS
According to experimental results, a statistically
significant difference was observed between zones 1
and 3 in terms of div mass (P = 0.03241), indicating
that girls living in zone 3 have relatively lower div
weight. The differences between other zones were not
at a significant level.
Arm length showed a notable difference between
zones 1 and 3 (P = 0.01601), indicating that zone 3 girls
lag behind in anthropometric development. A similar
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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745)
tendency was observed in hand length, with a clear
difference between zones 1 and 3 (P = 0.002821).
The difference between zones 1 and 3 in thigh length
was statistically significant (P = 0.01681). Such
differences may have emerged under the influence of
ecological conditions and social factors.
Additionally, significant differences were noted in
shoulder acromial diameter (P = 0.02473) and distantia
cristarum (P = 0.04587) indicators. It can be noted that
these features have considerable differences in
morphological development.
Other indicators, including height, true conjugate, and
pelvic circumference diameter, showed no statistically
significant differences between zones (P > 0.05),
indicating that some morphometric features are more
stable relative to ecological variability.
CONCLUSION
The conducted scientific research showed that there
are certain differences between anthropometric and
morphofunctional indicators of girls living in different
ecological areas of the Aral Sea region of the Republic
of Karakalpakstan.
It was determined that there are statistically significant
differences in div weight, arm length, hand length,
thigh length, shoulder width, and some measurements
of pelvic bones among adolescent girls living in
Muynak, Kungrad, and Takhtakupir districts. These
differences may be related to ecological factors,
environmental quality, nutrition level, and socio-
economic conditions.
Additionally, some functional indicators related to the
cardiorespiratory system were observed to differ
slightly according to ecological zones. These results can
serve as an important practical basis for developing
regional rehabilitation and health improvement
programs in forming a healthy generation adapted to
the ecological environment of the Aral Sea region in the
future.
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