Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
56
American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
(ISSN
–
2771-2753)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
56-63
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.534
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Cotton Gossypium L. in the soil and climatic conditions of the Syr Darya is a cultural tetraploid from the family of
G.Barbados L. The phenology of flowering in varieties belonging to the genus has been studied. According to it, of the
selected research objects, the varieties Surkhan-18, Termez-202 and Surkhan-103 have a high possibility of continuing
genetic and breeding processes in the conditions of the Syrdarya region and using these varieties to create hybrid
organisms.
It is important to study the morphological characteristics of the hybrids obtained on the basis of cross-breeding of
different types of cotton, and to scientifically substantiate aspects such as the order in which the laws are passed.
Because each variety has its own morpho-biological characteristics, and in most cases, morpho-biological
Research Article
PHENOLOGY AND INHERITANCE OF MORPHOLOGICAL HARACTERS IN
INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID PLANTS OF COTTON AND THIN-FIBER COTTON
VARIETIES (IN CLIMATE CONDITIONS OF SIRDARYA REGION)
Submission Date:
December 15, 2023,
Accepted Date:
December 20, 2023,
Published Date:
December 25, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue12-10
Khursandbek Nazarbaev
Uzbekistan National University, Faculty of Biology, University Street-4, 100174, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Asliddin Nuriddinov
Uzbekistan National University, Faculty of Biology, University Street-4, 100174, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Sayfullo Boboev
Uzbekistan National University, Faculty of Biology, University Street-4, 100174, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Marufjon Ergashev
Dean of the faculty of natural sciences, Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajbspi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
57
American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
(ISSN
–
2771-2753)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
56-63
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.534
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
characteristics (type of branching, leaf shape, shape and color of pods, the presence of anthocyanin spots on the
petals, color of pollen, etc.) are taken into account when evaluating the variety. Also, on the basis of phenotypic
analysis of the hybrids obtained by hybridization of varieties and species that are sharply different from each other in
terms of morphological characteristics, it is possible to make a clear conclusion about the manifestation of
morphological characteristics of one or another variety in hybrid plants. In order to successfully carry out breeding
and create new hybrid plants that incorporate the best characteristics of the initial varieties, it is necessary to know
the laws of passing morphological characteristics from one generation to the next, along with the valuable economic
characteristics of cotton.
KEYWORDS
Fiber, cultural, type of branching, hybrid plants.
INTRODUCTION
Fine -fiber variety of cotton, long-fiber variety of cotton
and the cotton that gives a fiber of 37-42 mm or more.
Fine - fiber cotton mainly includes varieties of
Gossipium barbadense L type. In the world production
of cotton wool, fine-fiber gauze ranks second after
gauze with medium fibers. Fine-fiber cotton is grown
on large areas in many countries, including Uzbekistan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Egypt, Sudan, Peru, Northern
Brazil, Nigeria, and the USA.
In the Republic of Uzbekistan, fine-fiber cotton
varieties are grown mainly in the southern regions
(Surkhandarya,
Kashkadarya, Bukhara,
Andijan,
Namangan regions).
In order to introduce a mechanism to stimulate the
development of agrotechnologies for the creation of
high-yielding, disease- and pest-resistant, fast-growing,
high-yielding varieties of fine-fiber cotton, taking into
account the soil and climatic conditions of the regions,
expanding their acreage, reproduction and cultivation
of seeds of new and promising varieties, the Cabinet of
Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 47 dated
January 30, 2020 “On Amendments and additions in
the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the
Republic of Uzbekistan on the efficient organization of
the production of fine-fiber cotton, on the introduction
of the mechanism of reproduction and stimulation of
new varieties" .
These measures have been approved by the
Government, and a number of important tasks have
been assigned to responsible ministries and
departments. The tasks of harvesting a sufficient
amount of seed material from fine-fiber cotton
varieties suitable for the soil and climatic conditions of
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
58
American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
(ISSN
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2771-2753)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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56-63
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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(2022:
5.
705
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(2023:
6.534
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the regions of the republic, precocious, with high yield
and fiber quality have been set.
The weather in the Syrdarya region is sharply
changeable and dry. The average annual temperature
is 14 °C. Summers are dry and hot. The average
temperature in July is 27-29 °C. In summer, the
temperature rises to 32-45 ° C. Often a warm wind
(garmsel) dries the soil and has a bad effect on the
development of plants. The growing season is 218 days.
In summer, due to strong evaporation, groundwater
salines the soils of surface areas (Sharaf Rashidov,
Akaltyn, Gulistan districts).
The soils are mainly weakly sod-podzolic with a light
shade, less often and moderately saline, according to
the mechanical order-loamy and sandy loam. Saline
and saline soils are found on the plains. Underground
water pipe. 5-6 meters [1,2,3].
At the same time, it is worth noting that fine-fiber
cotton varieties are resistant to very hot weather
conditions, dehydration, harmsel insecticides and
pests, as well as fiber length, its elasticity and textile.
The economic efficiency of their cultivation is 60
percent higher than that of other varieties [4,5].
From this point of view, the experiment is aimed at
carrying out in the conditions of the Syrdarya region,
i.e. testing of fine-fiber cotton varieties in the
conditions of the Syrdarya.
METHODS
The area of the fabric is 25 m in length and consists of
30 rows. So that the length of each row is 2 m, and the
distance between the rows is 76 cm. The experimental
field was being prepared for sowing seeds. The order
of sowing seeds was as follows, that is, each variety
was planted in 6 rows, in each row 6 nests, in each nest
5-7 dry seeds with an interval of 25-30 cm. The object of
the experiment was a cultural tetraploid of
G.barbadense L. type created on the basis of fine-fiber
varieties Surkhan-16, Surkhan-18, Termez-202, Surkhan-
103 and Surkhan-104.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Phenological observations of the flowering process in
varieties were carried out research (14.06.2021,
23.06.2021). The study of the flowering process in
cotton was carried out daily for 10 days, in the morning.
In our study, the intensity of the flowering process was
high in the period from June 19 to June 23, relatively
low in the period from June 16 to June 18, and in the
period from June 14 to June 15, the intensity of the
flowering process was low (Table 1).
The obtained 10-day flowering process according to
the results of phenological observations shows that
the cotton varieties Surkhan-18, Termez-202 and
Surkhan-103 have a higher flowering time than the
varieties Surkhan-104 and Surkhan-16, especially high
flowering intensity is observed in the variety Termez-
202 (Fig.1).
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
59
American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
(ISSN
–
2771-2753)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
56-63
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.534
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Table 1
Phenology of the flowering process in fine-fiber cotton varieties
Analyzing the phenology of flowering in the context of
varieties, it can be seen that the Termez-202 variety has
a higher flowering intensity compared to other
varieties, from the moment of sowing seeds until June
23, that is, 222 flowers were opened with an interval of
48 days.
In the remaining varieties, that is, in the varieties
Surkhan-103, Surkhan-18, Surkhan-195, Surkhan-104,
100 and Surkhan-16, more than 51 flowers were
revealed. As can be seen from the results of the table,
the lowest rate of flowering intensity was observed in
the variety Surkhan-16 (Figure 1).
№
Varieties
Flowering phenology
14.06.2021
15.06.2021
16.06.2021
17.06.2021
18.06.2021
19.06.2021
20.06.2021
21.06.2021
22.06.2021
23.06.2021
1
Surkhan-16
-
-
-
1
7
7
1
14
7
14
2
Surkhan-18
2
10
11
27
14
34
12
32
27
26
3
Termez-202
-
1
10
15
19
46
28
33
38
32
4
Surkhan-103
9
16
22
19
8
37
11
18
20
18
5
Surkhan-104
1
4
3
4
10
12
5
22
12
20
51
195
222
178
100
0
50
100
150
200
250
Flowering phenology in varieties
12
31
46
66
58
136
58
120
107
112
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Phenology of flowering, in the context of
days
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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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SJIF
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(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.534
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
When analyzing the phenology of flowering in the
context of days, the following indicators appeared.
According to the results of the analysis, based on 10-
day (June 14 - June 23) phenological observations,
starting from the date of sowing seeds (05.05.2021),
the indicator of flowering intensity on June 14 (38 days)
is the lowest of 12, and the highest indicator of
flowering intensity is observed on June 19 (43 days)
and is 136 we can see that the flower has opened (Fig.
2).
The intensity of flowering in 46-48 days (from June 21
to 23) was determined in experiments that 107 flowers
were opened, and up to 120 flowers. From June 14 to
16 (with an interval of 38-40 days), the indicator was
low, and it was noticed that from 12 to 46 flowers were
opened.
In the course of the research, varieties specific to the
species G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. were
crossed. New hybrids were obtained, and seeds of
hybrid combinations were planted in field conditions
with the parent forms and maintained under the same
conditions. Phenological observations and analysis
were carried out. If we pay attention, there is a big
difference between the medium and thin fiber varieties
involved in hybridization, and among them it is
necessary to include the type of branching. G. hirsutum
L. cultivars participating in the maternal form belong to
SP-1303, Baraka, ATM-1 and T-91/21 ridges of the I-II
branching type, while G. barbadense L. cultivars
participating in paternity belong to Surkhan-14 and
Surkhan- 9 varieties are varieties with a limited
branching type, and the crop elements are attached to
the main stem. This was also confirmed in the
conducted experiments.
Another important morphological indicator is the
shape and color of pods. In hybrid plants, the
inheritance of G. hirsutum L. varieties with
intermediate or high indicator of pod size was
determined, but in some combinations, the superiority
of G. barbadense L. varieties in pod structure was
noticed. In some combinations, the dominance of G.
hirsutum L. varieties was observed. In other words, it
was observed that in hybrid plants, the shape of pods
was relatively elongated or pointed, corresponding to
that of Surkhan-14 and Surkhan-9 varieties, while in
some hybrids, it was found that there are plants with a
pod shape close to the maternal shape or relatively
different. In addition, it was determined that the
surface of the pods was relatively rough, and the color
of the pods was dark green, which indicated the
superiority of G. barbadense L. varieties. In Baraka x
Surkhan-9 hybrid combination, it was found out that
the pods are relatively smooth and the color is lighter
green. Also, in this hybrid combination, it was found
Figure 1. Phenology of flowering in
varieties
Figure 2. Phenology of flowering by day
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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P
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56-63
SJIF
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(2021:
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(2022:
5.
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)
(2023:
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)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
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that in the F2 generation there are plants with a
different shape of the pods from the parental forms
(Figure 3).
So, in the inheritance of pod shape and color, in the F1
hybrid combinations involving G. hirsutum L. and G.
barbadense L. species, the dominance of the parental
form with more intermediate and high indices in pod
size was determined, and the superiority of G.
barbadense L. varieties in the inheritance of pod shape
and color were observed.
Figure 3. Inheritance of pod shape in parental and F
1
, F
2
generation plants
Another distinguishing feature is the color of the
petals, pollen color and the presence of anthocyanin
spots on the petals. It was found that the varieties
belonging to the G. hirsutum L. species involved in
hybridization have white and pale yellow petals and
yellow pollen, while the varieties of G. barbadense L.
have yellow petals and orange pollen. The yellow
petals of the hybrid combinations with their
participation were large and relatively yellow,
corresponding to the varieties of G. barbadense L.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
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VOLUME
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ISSUE
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56-63
SJIF
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(2021:
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(2022:
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(2023:
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)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
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Furthermore, in the Baraka x Surkhan-9 hybrid
combination, it was found that the color of petals and
pollen, the absence of anthocyanin spots on petals, is
based on the dominance of the maternal form (Figure
4).
Figure 2. On the left is a flower of the maternal plant, on the right is a flower of the paternal plant,
and in the middle is a flower of the F
1
hybrid plant.
In the hybrid plants obtained with the presence of
other varieties of the G. hirsutum L. species that
participated in the hybridization, it was observed that
the color of the pollen is light yellow or orange, and the
absence or partial presence of anthocyanin spots on
petals.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, we can say that one of the signs that
affect the indicators of valuable agricultural traits in
cotton is the intensity of flowering. Based on the
obtained result, in the varieties Surkhan-18, Termez-
202 and Surkhan-103 there is an opportunity to
continue genetic and breeding processes in the
conditions of the Syrdarya region and use these
varieties to create hybrid organisms.
Based on the experiment, intermediate inheritance
was observed in the F1 generation obtained from
interspecies hybridization in terms of the shape of the
pod, while F2 hybrid plants showed that a plant with a
different shape can be formed, according to Mendel's
law of independent assortment. Also, depending on
the combinations, it was determined that the trait is
inherited based on the superiority of the Baraka
variety, which is the maternal form, in the combination
of F1 Baraka x Surkhan-9 hybrid in the colour of petals
and pollen, the absence of anthocyanin spots on
petals.
REFERENCES
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(2023:
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