Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
13
American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
(ISSN
–
2771-2753)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
13-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, the histological study of the kidney is gaining importance in medicine. In medicine and practice, diseases
such as kidney stones, blood formation in the kidney - hematuria, glucose formation in the kidney - glucosuria, protein
formation in the kidney - oliguria, and increased renal arterial blood pressure are increasing. Their treatment mainly
focuses on the histological structure of the kidneys.
KEYWORDS
Shumlyansky-Bauman capsule, Malpighian tangle, primary convoluted tubule, secondary convoluted tubule, gene coil,
collecting tubules, filtration barrier, reverse flow mechanism.
Research Article
ABOUT THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEY
Submission Date:
January 19, 2023,
Accepted Date:
January 24, 2023,
Published Date:
January 29, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue01-02
Mardonov Mirzabek Begzod
O’g’li
Student Of The Termiz Branch Of The Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Hasanova Sevinch Ulug
‘Bek Qizi
Student Of The Termiz Branch Of The Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Nomozova Kamola Nuriddin Qizi
Student Of The Termiz Branch Of The Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Rashidova Farangiz Musulmon Qizi
Student Of The Termiz Branch Of The Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Xushvaqtova Osiyo Asadulla Qizi
Student Of The Termiz Branch Of The Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajbspi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
14
American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
(ISSN
–
2771-2753)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
13-16
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
INTRODUCTION
The kidneys perform a very important function in the
human div: the div participates in maintaining the
stability of the internal environment, controls the
exchange of water and mineral salts, participates in
keeping the pressure in the arteries at a standard level,
controls the acid-alkaline balance of the internal
environment, the humoral function is the production
of erythropoietin, renin, prostaglandin takes part in the
exchange of protein, fat, carbon and vitamins in the
div. The main function of the kidneys is to produce
urine. Kidney disease leads to poisoning of the human
div and sometimes death. we can consider the main
mechanisms of its occurrence.
THE MAIN PART
Kidneys are located in 1 pair of bean-like shapes, on the
back wall of the abdominal cavity, on both sides of the
lumbar region of the spine. Kidneys have a great
influence on organs and tissues. When the kidneys are
cut from the frontal level, two parts are distinguished:
1) Cortex renalis; 2) Core substance (Medulla renalis).
the insides are clearly visible. When the cortex material
is viewed through a microscope, it is possible to see
nephrons - the anatomical functional unit of the kidney.
a) primary curved tube; 2) Loop of Henle; a)
descending proximal tube; b) ascending distal tube; 3)
curved tube of Lamchi; 4) collecting ducts;
Shumlyansky-Baumen capsule and Malpighian tangle
inside it from parietal and visceral sheets Capillary
plexus: consists of capillary nets, fenestrated
endothelium in capillaries and a 3-layer basement
membrane lying below it. substances must be passed
through the filter. However, because there is a
filtration barrier here, not all substances can pass into
the capsule cavity. The filtration barrier is formed by: 1)
podocyte cells; 2) cytotrabeculae; 3) glomerular
capillary; 4) filtration membrane; a) basal membrane;
b) endothelium;
c) visceral sheet slits; The visceral sheet of the capsule
is covered with flat epithelial cells - podocytes.
Cytotrabeculae grow out of the podocyte div and
divide into cytopedicles. The cytopedicles touch the
basal membrane of the capillaries. Z covers and
strengthens the capillaries as it holds the prey.
Between the cytopedicles there are gaps - slits, they
are 30-50 nm in size. Capillaries also have slits, through
which substances smaller than 7 nm can pass into the
capsule cavity. In particular, blood-shaped elements,
large proteins of blood plasma, immune cells,
fibrinogen, and those with high molecular mass.
proteins cannot pass through. The fluid that has
passed into the capsule cavity is considered to be a
filtration fluid. Proximal part of the nephron. 1. The
epithelium of the proximal tubule consists of single-
layered cylindrical striated and basal convoluted cells,
and striated microvilli are visible in the electron
microscope. Microvilli provides reabsorption of
substances in urine into the blood. through microvilli,
small molecule proteins, glucose, electrolytes and
water are reabsorbed from primary urine into the
blood. The descending tube is thin, 13-
15 μm in
diameter, the wall consists of flat epithelial cells. 1-2
short microvilli are held in the apical part of the cell.
through which water is reabsorbed into the blood.
A cubic cell consisting of a tube with a diameter of 30
μm in the ascending thick part. Na+ is absorbed in this
tube and participates in maintaining the acid-base
balance. There are many mitochondria here and they
contain ATF-ase. high activity and the connection of
mitochondria with the basal and lateral membranes of
the cell are considered factors that perform complex
activities such as increasing the concentration of urine.
The absorption of water through the descending
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
15
American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
(ISSN
–
2771-2753)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
13-16
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
proximal tubule and sodium absorption through the
ascending distal tubule creates a reverse flow
mechanism. Secondary through the tube, Na+, K+, H2o
and other substances are reabsorbed into the blood.
The amount of reabsorption of these substances into
the blood creates a forced reabsorption mechanism.
Consists of several segments. There are 4 parts of the
tubule, one of which is the cortex of the kidney, and
the other three parts are located in the medulla.
Collecting tubules have two types of leaking and dark
cells. The leaking cells are cuboidal and evenly
distributed in the cytoplasm. a plate-like complex
consisting of few mitochondria, cisternae, vacuoles
and vesicles, small tubules of the endoplasmic
reticulum, free ribosomes and polysomes are found,
there are many short protrusions on the side surface
membranes. Dark cells. Blue ultrastructural structures
from leaking cells. It differs from pligi. These cells
contain a lot of mitochondria and dense hyaloplasm.
Urine acidification (having an acidic condition) is
related to the activity of the intermediate cells of the
collecting ducts. is supplied with blood through it.
Renal artery branches into small vessels, forming
arterioles It is crushed to form a malpigi ball. The
diameter of the afferent arteriole is twice that of the
efferent arteriole. This causes a pressure difference.
The muscular layer of the afferent arteriole is well
developed, because it directly branches off from the
abdominal aorta. The splenic vein passes into the blood
vessel. Ball veins are involved only in the formation of
urine. Shumlyansky-Baumen's capsule is formed by the
same blood vessel entering and leaving the same blood
vessel.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it should be said that the kidneys are one
of the organs that secrete toxic substances into the
external environment in the human div. Kidney
disease causes various diseases and has a toxic effect
on a person. In particular, urea, creatinine, indole, uric
acid, and ammonia secreted by the kidneys are in the
human div. When the kidneys are infected, the
tissues lose their normal function and the div swells,
because the toxic substances have a toxic effect on the
tissues and cells.
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–
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VOLUME
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13-16
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