Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
36
American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
(ISSN
–
2771-2753)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
36-44
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
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Servi
ABSTRACT
For centuries, medicinal plants have been integral to treating ailments, with both traditional and modern medicine
benefiting from their biologically active compounds. These plant-based remedies continue to be essential in
healthcare, and interest in studying them has only grown. Corn silk (Zea mays L.) is one such valuable natural resource.
This study focuses on quantifying the total flavonoid and β
-carotene content in corn silk, alongside evaluating its
antioxidant properties using phytochemical methods. Our findings contribute to the broader understanding of corn
silk’s potential therapeutic benefits and its relevance in natural medicine
.
KEYWORDS
Corn silk, carotenoids, flavonoids, macro- and microelements.
INTRODUCTION
It is known that preparations obtained based on
medicinal plants are widely used in medicine in many
countries around the world today. The reason for this
is explained by the fact that drugs of natural origin
Research Article
DETERMINATION OF SOME BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN
CORN SILK (ZEA MAYS L)
Submission Date:
October 25, 2024,
Accepted Date:
October 20, 2024,
Published Date:
October 30, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue10-04
I.R. Askarov
Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Chairman of the "TABOBAT" Academy of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
ORCiD: 0000-0003-1625-0330
F.S. Abdugapparov
Docent of Department of Chemistry, Andijan State University, 170100, Andijan, Uzbekistan
L.K. Lutfullin
Professor of Department of Chemistry, Andijan State University, 170100, Andijan, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajbspi
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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37
American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
(ISSN
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VOLUME
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
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have less toxic properties and do not have side effects
compared to synthetic drugs. Also, preparing
ointments, tinctures, aerosols, and various powders
made from medicinal plants is relatively easy and does
not require complex technological devices and
methods. This means that many of the above-
mentioned remedies can be prepared at home..
Many countries around the world are currently
conducting extensive research to isolate biologically
active compounds from medicinal plants, develop food
additives based on these compounds, and implement
them in practice. Corn silk (Zea mays L.) is regarded as
a valuable natural medicinal source, commonly used in
both traditional and modern medicine for its
choleretic, diuretic, and hemostatic properties. Its rich
chemical composition has made corn silk the focus of
research at various scientific centers worldwide. This
growing interest is driven by the historically proven
effectiveness of corn silk and the absence of side
effects that are often associated with toxic and
synthetic drugs [1].
For many years, in folk medicine, a tincture made from
corn silk has been used as a choleretic agent in
inflammatory diseases of the liver, gallbladder, and bile
ducts, and as an effective diuretic in internal bleeding,
kidney and bladder stones [3,4]. Corn silk contains as
biologically active substances - taraxerol, taraxisterol,
androsterol, taraxacin, sterol, choline, nicotinic acid,
nicotinamide, rubber, tars, inulin, fatty acids, essential
oils and protein substances, additives, oleanolic acid,
linolenic acid, palmitic acid, malic acid, mineral salts,
alcohols, flavonoids, vitamin C, group B vitamins,
vitamin P, provitamin A, choline, asparagine, iron salts,
potassium and phosphorus salts [2]. Recent analysis of
modern scientific literature has shown that flavonoids,
which are biologically active compounds found in corn
silk, have been extensively studied. In addition to these
flavonoids, other groups of biologically active
compounds from this raw material are also receiving
significant attention in research.
Table 1. Some biological active compounds are present in corn silk
class of biological active
compounds
Compounds
Flavonoids
Maizin, methoxymaizin, chrysoeryl, 6-S-
β
-fucopyranoside, 4"-ON-
3'-methoxymaizin molludistin, isomolludistin, vitexin, isovitexin,
orientin, isoorientin, isoscoparin, isoquercetrin, quercetrin-3,7-
diglucoside
Phenolcarboxylic acids
Chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, hydroxodolchinic acid
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Nutrient
Gallic acid, ellagic acid, gallocatechin, epicatechin, catechin,
epigallocatechin, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate
Vitamins
Phylloquinone, tamin, riboflavin, tocopherol, nicotinamide,
ascorbic acid
Polysaccharides
Rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, glucose
Oleanolinic acid, ursolic acid
B-sitosterol, stigmasterol
Alcohols:
2.3-butanediol,
ethanol,
1.2-propanediol,
2-
furanmethanol. Ketones 2.3-butanedione, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone,
3-methyl-2,5-furandio,
2-heptanone,
3-octanone,
2,4-
pentanedione
Aldehydes: benzeneacetaldehyde, heptanal, hexanal, proparal,
pentanal, furfurol
Saponins
Rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, glucose
Oleanolinic acid, ursolic acid
B-sitosterol, stigmasterol
Alcohols:
2.3-butanediol,
ethanol,
1.2-propanediol,
2-
furanmethanol. Ketones 2.3-butanedione, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone,
3-methyl-2,5-furandio,
2-heptanone,
3-octanone,
2,4-
pentanedione
Aldehydes: benzeneacetaldehyde, heptanal, hexanal, proparal,
pentanal, furfurol
Phytosterols
Rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, glucose
Oleanolinic acid, ursolic acid
B-sitosterol, stigmasterol
Alcohols:
2.3-butanediol,
ethanol,
1.2-propanediol,
2-
furanmethanol. Ketones 2.3-butanedione, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone,
3-methyl-2,5-furandio,
2-heptanone,
3-octanone,
2,4-
pentanedione
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
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Aldehydes: benzeneacetaldehyde, heptanal, hexanal, proparal,
pentanal, furfurol
Volatile compounds
Rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, glucose
Oleanolinic acid, ursolic acid
B-sitosterol, stigmasterol
Alcohols:
2.3-butanediol,
ethanol,
1.2-propanediol,
2-
furanmethanol. Ketones 2.3-butanedione, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone,
3-methyl-2,5-furandio,
2-heptanone,
3-octanone,
2,4-
pentanedione
Aldehydes: benzeneacetaldehyde, heptanal, hexanal, proparal,
pentanal, furfurol
Amino acids
Asparagine, glutamine, glycine, alanine, lysine, proline. serine,
threonine, cysteine, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine,
tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, arginine, cystine
Flavonoids found in corn silk have garnered significant
attention from researchers due to their unique
physicochemical structure. In addition to flavonoids,
corn silk also contain phenolic-carboxylic acids, vitamin
K, phytosterols, volatile compounds, polysaccharides,
amino acids, and saponins.
The pharmacological properties of corn silk are of
considerable importance in practical medicine. Current
research highlights their various pharmacological
effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
antidiabetic, hypotensive, neuroprotective, and
photoprotective
activities.
Scientific
literature
provides evidence supporting the effectiveness of corn
silk in the complex treatment of tumor diseases.
This research focuses on the spectroscopic
determination of flavonoid and β
-carotenoid levels in
corn silk.
Experim
ental part:The amounts of β
-carotenoids and
total flavonoids in dried and ground corn silk were
measured using an EMC-30PC spectrophotometer
(Germany) by assessing the optical densities of the
solutions. The determination of flavonoid content was
carried out following the method outlined in reference
[5].
To conduct the analysis, we utilized the GOST 55312-
2012 method. The research object was corn silk, which
was crushed to a particle size that passed through a 1
mm sieve. An analytical sample consisting of 1 g of
dried corn silk was placed in a 100 ml conical flask, to
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which 25 ml of a 1% hydrochloric acid solution was
added along with 30%, 45%, and 80% ethanol solutions.
The mixture was continuously stirred using a magnetic
stirrer at room temperature.
The resulting solution was then filtered to obtain
solution A. From this filtrate, 1 ml was transferred into
a 25 ml volumetric flask, and the volume was brought
to the mark with ethyl alcohol. Each mixture was
heated in a water bath for 30, 60, and 90 minutes,
respectively. The optical density of the solutions was
measured using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength
of 430 nm, and the total flavonoid content in the
product was determined using the following formula.
Here D is the optical density of the substance under
investigation;
m - product weight, g
W-Mass loss during drying of raw materials, % = 14%
The method recommended in GF XIV was used to
determine the amount of β
-carotenoid and the amount
was calculated by the following formula [4].
Here, D is the optical density of the substance under
investigation; 2773 -
450 nm β
-carotenoid relative
absorption index; 2- the volume of the hexane
separation to obtain the test solution, 30- the volume
of the extract (ml), 25- the volume of the test solution
(ml), m is the mass of the product, g; W-product
moisture.
Table 2. Amount of β
-carotenoid in 100 g of corn silk
Extractant
Product-Extractant
Ratio
Fineness, mm
Extraction time,
min
β
-carotene
quantity, mg
Hexane
1:5
1,0
30
0,28
From the above data, it can be seen that the β
-
carotenoid contained in the corn silk is isolated in high
yield (0.28 mg) when extracted with hexane.
Table 3. Metrological characteristics of
determination of β
-carotenoid content in corn silk
n
X,%
S2
Sx
P,%
T (p,f)
±
∆
E,%
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12
9.54
0.0662
0.2573
95
2.18
±0.1619
±0.027
The results of statistical analysis of the obtained data
indicate that the error in determining the amount of β
-
carotenoids in corn silk, within a 95% confidence
interval, is ± 0.027%. Flavonoids are biologically active
compounds that belong to the class of polyphenols
and are found in various parts of plants. They play a
significant role in biological processes in the div,
helping to strengthen the immune system and
enhancing the div’s response to allergens, viruses,
and carcinogens. Research shows that flavonoids
exhibit greater antioxidant activity than vitamins C and
E, as well as carotenoids. Plant materials rich in
flavonoids are valuable for their applications as natural
dyes, food antioxidants, and tannins. Some flavonoids
also possess antibacterial properties.
Quercetin, an important flavonoid, is known for its anti-
inflammatory,
antihistamine,
antispasmodic,
antioxidant, and diuretic effects. Rutin and quercetin,
components of vitamin R, are used to reduce the
permeability and fragility of capillaries, improve the
quality of red blood cells, and prevent blood clotting.
Tabe 4. The total amount of flavonoids present in corn silk.
Extractant
Product-
Extractant Ratio
Fineness, mm
Extraction time,
min
Amount of
flavonoids
Ethanol 30%
1:5
1,0
30
0,0500
1:5
1,0
60
0,0699
1:5
1,0
90
0,0951
Ethanol 45%
1:5
1,0
30
0,1158
1:5
1,0
60
0,1355
1:5
1,0
90
0,1735
Ethanol 96%
1:5
1,0
30
0,1975
1:5
1,0
60
0,3161
1:5
1,0
90
0,2543
Table 5. Metrological characteristics of determining the amount of flavonoids in corn silk
Ethanol
%
t,
time
n
X
S2
S
P, %
T(p,f)
ΔХ
Е, %
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30
30
12
0,0500
0,03
0,1732
95
2,18
0,109
3.4673
30
60
12
0,0699
0,042
0,2049
95
2,18
0,129
2.9304
30
90
12
0,0951
0,0571
0,2389
95
2,18
0,1504
2.5135
45
30
12
0,1158
0,06954545
0,2637
95
2,18
0,166
2.2773
45
60
12
0,1355
0,0814
0,2852
95
2,18
0,1795
2.1054
45
90
12
0,1735
0,1042
0,3228
95
2,18
0,2031
1.8606
80
30
12
0,1975
0,1186
0,3444
95
2,18
0,216757825
1,7436
80
60
12
0,3161
0,1898
0,4357
95
2,18
0,27417937
1,3784
80
90
12
0,2543
0,1527
0,3908
95
2,18
0,2459
1,5367
Research indicates that the aqueous extract of corn
silk has significant antioxidant properties, according to
various scientific sources. In light of this, a study was
conducted to assess the antioxidant activity of this
extract in vitro.
There are several methods for determining antioxidant
activity. One such method is based on the observation
that adrenaline can inhibit auto oxidation reactions in
vitro, thereby preventing the formation of reactive
oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant activity of the
examined extract is measured by the percentage of
active oxygen species formed and the autoxidation of
adrenaline (AA%).
Here, Optical density of adrenaline hydrochloride
solution added to D1-buffer; Optical density of aqueous
extract and adrenaline hydrochloride added to D2-
buffer.
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Figure 2. Antioxidant activity of corn silkaqueous extract
Antioxidant activity was determined by phytochemical
tests of corn silk aqueous extract and evaluated using
several methods. The aqueous extract was found to be
19.44% at 200 mg/ml.
CONCLUSION
When assessing the content of flavonoids and β
-
carotenoids in corn silk using a spectrophotometric
method, it was determined that 100 grams of the
product contains 0.28 mg of β
-carotenoids and a total
flavonoid content of 0.3161 grams.
The antioxidant activity of the corn silk aqueous
extract was evaluated through various phytochemical
assays. Results showed that the extract inhibited the
active form of oxygen by 19.44% at a concentration of
200 mg/ml.
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