Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
6
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
6-11
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The relationship between narrative and narrative is still crucial in determining the category of person. The question of
person is sometimes reduced to its grammatical dimension. These are called first-person or third-person stories.
However, this criterion is not sufficient. Indeed, if the narrator intervenes during the story, he can only express himself
in the first person. So the question is whether or not the narrator is the hero of the story. The narrator is homodiegetic
if he participates as the hero of the event he is talking about. In this case, if he is not a simple witness of the events,
but the hero of his own story, he can be called an autodiegetic narrator.
KEYWORDS
Auxiliaries, emotions, actions, characteristics, rivals, language, literature.
INTRODUCTION
In stories, characters are the ones who make us live the
events.
Through
their
emotions,
actions,
characteristics, etc., we can follow the thread of the
story. However, the signs are not of equal importance.
Therefore, they can be classified according to their
typology: primary characters, secondary characters
and additional characters.
In addition, it is relevant to analyze the role of
characters in order to understand the relationship
between them. It can be a hero, helpers (or allies) or
Research Article
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CATEGORY OF PERSON IN
FRENCH FICTION NARRATIVE TEXTS
Submission Date:
October 29, 2023,
Accepted Date:
November 03, 2023,
Published Date:
November 08, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue11-02
Ashirova Bonu
Teacher of The Department of French Language and Literature of Karshi State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
7
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
6-11
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
opponents (or enemies). According to their
importance, signs are divided into three types:
The main character is the person who leads the project,
searching for a solution to the problem. Often, it is the
most characteristic. We can describe his appearance,
personality, personality, symbolism and past. All other
characters are attracted to him. .
-
Secondary characters come to help or hinder
the main character in his quest. Secondary characters
come with characteristics that make the main
characters believable, but are usually more broadly
defined.
-
Additional characters - appear quickly in the
story. They play a secondary role. They are practically
part of the decor. Extras, of course, are not depicted.
They are often part of the group. In the same story, a
secondary character can be both a helper and a rival.
For example, the genie in Aladdin and Ursula the witch
in The Little Mermaid are helpers and antagonists
because they help the characters get what they want,
but this help also has a negative side. Their desire is
against them. Here are some known examples of
auxiliaries:
-
Helpers: Watson in Sherlock Holmes, Timon
and Pumbaa in The Lion King, Nurse in Romeo and
Juliet, and others.
-
Rivals: Voldemort from Harry Potter, Scar from
The Lion King, Wolf from The Three Little Pigs, etc.
-
Protagonists have a role in the story that
describes the ties that bind them together: Protagonist
is the main character with a mission to complete, a
problem to solve. A helper or ally is a secondary
character who helps the hero achieve his quest. An
adversary is a secondary character who opposes the
hero by hindering his mission.
-
A character is a characteristic that defines a
character. There are species-specific features, such as
the nose in the middle of the human face, and certain
personality-specific features, such as freckles or values.
A physical trait is a character trait that is perceived by
most senses. This type of trait can be distinguished
mainly by appearance. Here is a symbol representing
physical characteristics: size; weight; clothing;
accessories; stand up voice; scars. An example of a
descriptive sequence that creates a physical portrait of
a character:
-
- Young man... - let's draw his portrait with one
stroke of the pencil: imagine eighteen-year-old Don
Quixote, bareheaded, without boots, Don Quixote,
wearing a blue doublet with a blue tint. A long, brown
face; a protruding cheekbone, a sign of cunning;
extremely developed jaw muscles, an unmistakable
indicator of recognizing a Gascon without a beret, and
our young man wore a beret decorated with a kind of
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
8
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
6-11
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
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)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
feathers; an open and intelligent eye; hooked but finely
drawn nose; too big for a teenager, too small for an
adult...(ADTM10b) (Un jeune homme… –
traçons son
portrait d’un seul trait de plume : figurez
-vous don
Quichotte à dix-huit ans , don Quichotte décorcelé ,
sans haubert et sans cuissards , don Quichotte revêtu
d’un pourpoint de laine dont la couleur bleue s’était
transformée en une nuance insaisissable de lie-de-vin
et d’azur céleste . Visage long et brun ; la pommette
des joues saillante , signe d’astuce; les muscles
maxillaires énormément développés , indice infaillible
auquel on reconnaît le Gascon , même sans béret , et
notre jeune homme portait un béret orné d’une espèce
de plume; l’œil ouvert et intelligent; le nez crochu ,
mais finement dessiné; trop grand pour un adolescent
, trop petit pour un homme fait...)
Thanks to this physical image, the reader can form a
mental image of Gascon and imagine what he looked
like at that time in the story. A psychological trait is a
generally invisible trait of character. We can identify
this type of trait mainly through personality. Signs that
represent psychological traits are temperament,
beliefs, desires, emotions, judgments, habits,
behaviors, qualities, defects, fears. , passions. Here is
an example of a descriptive sequence that creates a
psychological portrait of a character:
- Salim was the comedian of the class with his gentle
and playful character. Funny, but extremely polite and
kind, he liked to make his classmates laugh, but also, on
rare occasions, his teachers. His sincerity was
refreshing, his lightness was a balm on difficult days. A
ball of genuine energy and infectious joy, Salim was the
friend everyone wanted. »
-
Thanks to these psychological characteristics,
the reader gets the impression that he can get to know
Salim better and reveal his personality.
-
Reference works do not have the same
category of features to describe characters. Physical
and psychological characteristics appear most often,
but
others
can
be
distinguished.
Personal
characteristics: last name, first name, nickname, age,
nationality, sex at birth, marital status (married,
divorced, single, etc.), language(s) spoken, etc. Social
characteristics:
family,
social
class,
income,
employment, education, etc. Others: special talents,
gifts, powers ... The characteristics of the character
may change during the story: they are not clearly
defined. Therefore, throughout the story it is
important to pay attention to what fits the character.
There are several useful ways to describe the
characters in the text of the story. Vocabulary for
Characterization - In order to accurately present the
character's characteristics, the author must use
vocabulary that is tailored to the image he wants to
create in the mind of his reader.
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
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:
6-11
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2022:
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(2023:
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
-
Neutral or fixed vocabulary can be used to
describe characters. For example, the following
examples are proof of this:
-
- Leonard is a house cat who likes to go outside.
Playful and active, it can be walked on a leash for long
night walks (Léonard est un chat domestique qui aime
aller dehors. Joueur et actif, il peut être promené en
laisse pour de longues marches nocturnes).
-
- Camilla was a funny child. He often made his
family laugh at meals with his invented stories. His
freckled face gave off a mischievous look that matched
his comical personality (Camille était une enfant drôle.
Elle faisait souvent rire sa famille lors des repas avec
ses histoires inventées. Son visage parsemé de taches
de rousseur lui donnait un air espiègle qui collait bien à
sa personnalité rieuse).
Note that neutral does not mean boring or
uninteresting. It simply means that it is done
objectively, without the judgment of the describer.
Expressive vocabulary or connotation can also be used
to describe characters: - Leonard is a cute house cat
who can't live without going outside. Extremely playful
and very active, Leo regularly begs for a walk on the
leash when night falls. (Léonard est un chat
domestique adorable qui ne peut vivre sans aller faire
un tour à l’extérieur. Extrêmement joueur et très actif,
Léo quémande régulièrement des sorties en laisse
lorsque la nuit tombe).
-
- Kamil was a funny and spontaneous child. As
the little girl ate well and told more of her strange
stories, her family often laughed until they held their
ribs. Her freckled face gave her a mocking look that
suited her bubbly personality perfectly (Camille était
une enfant drôle et spontanée. Sa famille riait souvent
à s’en tenir les côtes lorsque, autour d’un bon repas, la
fillette racontait une autre de ses histoires
abracadabrantes. Son visage recouvert de taches de
rousseur lui donnait un petit air taquin qui collait à
merveille à sa personnalité pétillante).
-
It is important to note that expressiveness
does not mean positive or exaggerated. It simply
means that the description is made subjectively, that is,
colored by the judgments and views of the describer.
-
Figures of speech can be used to describe
characters:
-
- Comparison: Pascal was beautiful as the sun
(Pascal était beau comme un soleil).
-
- Accumulation (counting): His skin was so pale
that it looked like ivory, marble, white gold...(Sa peau
était si pâle qu’on aurait dit de l’ivoire, du marbre, de
l’or blanc…)
-
- Metaphor: His hair was a field of wheat (Ses
cheveux étaient un champ de blé).
-
- Gradation: Mila smiled, laughed, was full of joy
(Mila était souriante, rieuse, comblée de joie)!
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VOLUME
03
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6-11
SJIF
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(2023:
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OCLC
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
-
- Recap: Despite everything he should have
been happy about, he was sad, sad, sad (Malgré tout
ce qu’il avait pour être heureux, il était triste, triste,
triste).
-
In addition, words or phrases can be
juxtaposed and coordinated to create more dynamic
descriptions of more complex text. For example:
-
- His gaze was gentle, welcoming and
surprising (Son regard était doux, accueillant,
bouleversant. (Juxtaposition)).
-
- He was self-confident and never rushed
towards his goals (Coordination) (Elle avait confiance
en elle et n’hésitait jamais à foncer tête baissée vers ses
objectifs (Coordination)).
-
Characters can be characterized using a
relative clause:
-
- Anastasia, a cautious young woman, thought
she was going to die when she saw him (Anastasia , qui
était une jeune femme discrète , pensait mourir lorsque
les regards se posaient sur elle).
-
- He looked at his father, who was always proud
of him, and a wide smile spread on his face (Il regarda
son père, qui était toujours si fier de lui, et un large
sourire s’étira sur son visage)
-
- This student, whom everyone considered
smart, won the literary prize last year (Cette élève que
tout le monde trouvait intelligente avait remporté un
prix littéraire l’année précédente).
Characters are not always clear, so the text is written
in black on white. Sometimes they have to be excluded
from the actions, reactions or words of the characters,
so they are said to be hidden.
So, in conclusion, we can say that we do not always
create a new text during communication or writing. We
use different types of text according to our needs.
Sometimes we tell someone about the events that
happened or witnessed. The purpose of our
communication is sometimes to convey some
information to the audience. At the same time, we give
recommendations on how to do something or order
not to do something. A person wants to express his
feelings, emotions, excitement, pain and sorrow,
thereby impressing the listener or reader. In such
cases, sometimes we use exaggeration, sometimes
simile-comparison, and we can give the following
conclusions about this chapter:
1. Currently, the text is interpreted as a separate large
unit of language and the main object of the field called
text linguistics.
2. It can be observed that the terms "text" and
"discourse" are widely used to express different
concepts.
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
11
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
6-11
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
3. In particular, we can study the artistic text into the
following types: 1. Narrative text. 2. Descriptive text. 3.
Explanatory text. 4. Didactic text. 5. The message is a
meaningful text. 6. Command content text. 7. Text
with emotional expression
4. When examining the linguistic features of a literary
text, we should approach every event in it taking into
account the concept of space and time unity. Any work
is created in relation to time and space.
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