Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
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2771-2273)
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article discusses borrowings from other languages, methods of their assimilation, the creation of new words,
changes in the semantics of words, the relationship between the literary language and dialects, i.e. literary dialectisms
in the terminology of distance education. The word about changes in terminology occurs due to lexical exchange,
assimilation of words caused by social, economic, political, cultural ties with related and unrelated peoples.
KEYWORDS
Distance learning, semantic change, lexical exchange, tutor, facilitator, mentor, word acquisition, ZOOM, Cisco,
Webex.
INTRODUCTION
The level of the vocabulary of the language is the level
that changes the fastest and is regularly updated in
connection with the development of society. The
internal possibilities of the language
–
the formation of
new words, changes in the semantics of words, the
relationship between the literary language and
dialects, i.e. the transfer of dialectisms to the literary
language, etc. lexical exchange caused by social,
economic, political, cultural relations is regularly
enriched due to word acquisition. These processes also
leave their mark in terminology.
Research Article
ENGLISH ACQUISITIONS IN THE TERMINOLOGY OF DISTANCE
EDUCATION AND WAYS TO ACQUIRE THEM
Submission Date:
October 19, 2023,
Accepted Date:
October 24, 2023,
Published Date:
October 29, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue10-12
Gulnoza Kh. Khidirova
Lecturer, Department of Practical English Karshi State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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At the moment, pedagogy is one of the rapidly
developing fields. This development created the need
to further expand the scope of field terms and name
new concepts. This necessity
–
the appearance of new
terms in the language indicates the development of
society.
Literature review
Most of the classical terms of education are also used
in this system. N.Usmanov noted that in the
pedagogical terminology, terms borrowed from three
language sources have been strengthened: 1) terms
borrowed from Iranian, in particular, Persian-Tajik
language: teacher, student, ink, ink, pand, wise man,
etc.; 2) terms borrowed from the Arabic language:
lesson, book, school, madrasa, education, character,
education, upbringing, knowledge, enlightenment,
manners, etc. 3) Russian appropriations [3.145]
English acquisitions make up a large part of the lexicon
of the field. In addition to purely English words, it is
difficult to determine the genesis of words that have
been adopted from Latin, French, and Russian
languages through English, as they have been
assimilated
to
the
phonetic,
graphic,
and
morphological standards of the English language. For
example, in Mamataliyev's Uzbek distance education
terminology, the adviser used in the sense of "a
consultant who provides methodical support during
the individual, independent implementation of
graduate work, course projects by students" [1.32b] is
originally from the French language. lib, avisen -
derived from the verb to think. Adapted to the English
language in the style of advisor - thinker.
In particular, Y.M. Fedosova, who conducted research
on the acquisition of English terms related to the
pedagogical field, distinguishes three groups in the
classification of pedagogical terms used in the Russian
language: 1) fully assimilated, that is, units that are
mastered according to the norms of the recipient
language: audit - audit, stakeholder - stakeholder,
quest - quest, tapping-test - tapping-test, active-
training - active-training, fishbone - fishbone, bingo -
bingo, limerick - limerick;
2) partially assimilated lexical units: revitalization -
revitalization,
dualnoe
(obrazovanie)
-
dual,
prolongation - long, accumulation - accumulation,
divergentnoe (myshlenie) - divergent, validitynost -
valid, referirovanie - referring, publication - publication,
reflection - reflection, inclusion (obrazovanie) -
inclusive, definition - definition, diffusion - diffusion,
reception - reception; 3) barbarisms: OPI (Oral
Proficiency interview), TOEFL (Test of English as a
Foreign Language) [4.1-5 c]
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The most common way to fill the lexical system of a
language, a certain terminological system with the
necessary names is word acquisition. By studying these
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acquisitions in linguistics, valuable information is
obtained about the mutual relations of peoples and
nations in different historical periods, the perception
of cultural-historical traditions and value systems, and
the reasons for interlanguage lexical exchange. In
particular, the appearance of distance education terms
in the language, the factors that caused it, its
conceptual-categorical bases, etymology, history,
amount and types of information about its genesis are
of great importance. The development of a specific
field lexicon cannot be imagined without the
development of this field. Similarly, the terminology of
distance education does not develop separately
without other factors. It depends on intralinguistic
factors as well as extralinguistic factors. In particular,
the following extralinguistic factors: 1) development of
this field of education in the country, educational
reform; 2) changes in social and political life, a
pandemic (for example, the spread of a coronavirus
infection); 3) the development of communication
technologies, the emergence of new generations of
electronic devices, the level of computerization and
informatization of the country, etc.
In 2019, the worldwide spread of the coronavirus
infection - COVID-19 caused the temporary suspension
of educational institutions in almost all countries. All
stages of continuing education - pre-school, school,
higher education, post-higher education stages
learning process Zoom, Cisco Webex, Google
Classroom, Microsoft Teams, D2L, Edgenuity, Skype
organized remotely through platforms. In this regard,
countless new terms such as online school, online
lesson, online textbook, online training, online
seminar, webinar, web course, video lecture, internet
lesson have entered the lexicon of the educational
field.
It should be noted that Persian-Tajik acquisitions in
educational terminology are not the majority. Their
assimilation is mostly related to the territorial
proximity of the Uzbek and Tajik peoples, age-old free
communication, socio-economic, cultural ties, and
common daily living conditions. The classical terms of
education consist mainly of Arabic adaptations, which
are related to the march of the Arab caliphate to the
countries of Central Asia in the 8th-9th centuries. The
position of the Arabic language as a language of
religion and science, the conduct of educational work
in primary schools and madrasas in Arabic leads to the
assimilation of many terms in the lexicon of the field.
Even to this day, the active lexicon of the Uzbek
language education system is formed by Arabic
adaptations.
At the end of the 19th century, Tsarist Russia marched
into Central Asia, during the rule of the former Shura,
in order to raise the Russian language to the level of
the dominant language in the colonial states, state
administration was conducted in Russian, and as a
result of the change of writing, as in many fields, In the
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field of education, terms related to the name of the
modern
teaching
system,
teaching
methods,
educational tools, synonyms and doublets appeared
from the Russian language. The emergence of terms
related to Arabic and Russian languages in the
pedagogical terminology of the Uzbek language took
place on this basis.
As in pedagogic terminology, in the lexicon of distance
education, acquisitions form the basis of the majority,
more precisely, the terminology of the field. At the
moment, self-directed distance education terms can be
genetically divided into three groups:
1. Latin acquisitions.
2. English acquisitions.
3. Russian acquisitions.
In the Uzbek distance education lexicon, there are
almost no terms directly borrowed from the Latin
language. Most terms of Latin origin have been
assimilated into English, adapted to English
pronunciation and writing, and adopted into other
languages through English.
For instance:
tutor from Latin tutorem - trainer, guardian. He learned
English as a tutor.
facilitator from Latin facilis - easy, convenient. Adapted
to the English language in the form of facilitator.
glossary Latin glossarium - collection of glosses.
Translated into English in the form of a glossary.
module Latin modulus - measurement. Adapted to
English in the form of moodle.
mentor Latin mentos - intention, goal. He learned
English in the form of a mentor.
There are almost no pure Russian words in the field
terminology. Some English terms were adapted to the
phonetic, graphic, morphological, orthographic norms
of the Russian language and entered the Uzbek
language through the Russian language. For example:
the abbreviation HEMIS - Higher Education
Management Information System, which means
information system for managing higher education
processes, was adopted into the Russian language in
the style of KHEMIS and is written in this way in
scientific and methodological manuals in the Uzbek
language. Also, the English word hyperlink is used in
the Russian pronunciation in the forms hyperlink,
hypertext, hyperlink.
The pandemic accelerated the transition to distance
education in the world education, including in our
country, so much that it led to the entry of most of the
terms related to this field as barbarism - not adapted to
the grammar, phonetic, or orthographic norms of the
language being learned. This is the basis for us to come
to the conclusion that the Uzbek terminological system
does not currently have a branch operating on the
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basis of term-barbarisms and half-baked terms. This
situation led to the emergence of a number of
problems related to the understanding and application
of these terms even by representatives of the field.
Due to other factors related to this process - phonetic-
phonemic, graphic changes, orthographic errors, it has
become a habit to allow the original term to be written
differently.
At the same time, our analysis allows us to divide the
acquisition terms in the Uzbek language distance
education terminology into the following groups:
I.
Terms borrowed directly from the English language, fully adapted to the phonetic, grammatical and
orthographic norms of the Uzbek language:
avtoproktoring
autoproctoring
adminstrator
administrator
blog
blog
vebinar
webinar
veb kurs
web course
onlayn
on-line
keys stadi
case study
mentor
mentor
sillabus
syllabus
tyutor
tutor
traskript
transcript
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edvayzer
advisor
monitoring
monitoring
invigilator
invigilator
flipchart
flipchart
chat
chat
internet
internet
multimediya
multimedia
kreativ
creative
vokabulyar
vocabulary
kouch
coach
kouching
coaching
instruktor
instructor
kontent
content
spelling
spelling
topik
topic
Pover point
Power Point
Forum
forum
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keys
case
kredit
credit
link
link
intervyu
interview
multikasting
multicasting
glossariy
glossary
valantyor
volunteer
skayp
skype
podkast
podcast
II. English acquisitions acquired through the Russian language, adapting to the phonetic, morphological, graphic
standards of the Russian language:
фасилитация
facilitation
антиципация
anticipation
вики-технология
wiki technology
аудиоконференция
audioconferencing
modul
moodle
коллаборация
collaboration
гиперссылка
hyperlink
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интерактив
interaction
презентация
presentation
лектор
lecturer
II.
Units mastered on the basis of calking.
Most of the terms of the field have been acquired by copying. The following
forms of calcification are found:
1.
Terms acquired on the basis of literal translation into Uzbek language of the complete kalka, adopted word and
its components:
masofaviy ta’lim
distance learning (d-learning)
aralash ta’lim
blended learning (b-learning)
dasturiy mahsulot
authoring tools
elektron manzil
electronic mail (e-mail)
elektron manzil arxivi
e-mail archive
ta’lim dasturi
educational program
o‘quv dasturi
academic program
masofaviy o‘quv dasturi
online learning program
masofaviy o‘quv kursi
distance education course
Virtual ta’lim jarayonini boshqaruvchi
tizimlar
Learning management system
Ichki kontentni boshqaruv tizimlari
Content management systems
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Berilgan obektdan hamkorlikda
foydalanish namunaviy modeli
Sharable content object reference
model
Modulli obyektga yo‘naltirilgan
dinamik o‘qitish muhiti
Modular object oriented dynamic
learning environment
asinxron ta’lim
asynchronous learning
sinxron ta’lim
synchronous learning
majburiy fanlar
core subjects
tanlov fanlari
elective courses
yakuniy nazorat
final examination
oraliq nazorat
midterm examination
2.
Semi-colloquial, one of the components of the borrowed word, terms that have been borrowed based on the
translation of either the first or the second component:
veb mashg‘ulot
web training
vebkonferensiya
web conference
o‘quv kursi
course
kontakt soat
contact hour
kredit-soat
credit-hour
onlayn kurs
online course
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Publisher:
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Servi
onlayn o‘qish
online learning
onlayn maktab
online school
o‘quv kontenti
educational content
giperhavola
hyperlink
mobil ta’lim
mobile learning (m-learning)
onlayn ta’lim
on-line learning
elektron ta’lim
electronic learning (e-learning)
elektron kutubxona
digital library, cybrary
3.
Semantic map, terms acquired by finding the Uzbek alternative of the acquired word or revealing its meaning in
Uzbek as much as possible:
e-teacher
onlayn o‘qituvchi
instructor
onlayn o‘qituvchi
summary
faning qisqa mazmuni
portfolio tools
tizim muhitida o‘quvchi uchun ishchi modullar
enrollment
o‘quv kursiga yozilish
syllabus
fanning ishchi o‘quv dasturi
transcript
akademik ma’lumotnoma
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degree
akademik daraja
academic calendar
o‘quv jadvali
grades
baholar to‘g‘risida axborot
III.
The term barbarisms.
Barbarisms are words or
phrases that have not been assimilated into the
mother tongue and are used as a phenomenon of a
foreign language. Term-barbarisms are lexical units
that have not been adapted to the phonetic and
graphic norms of the receiving language, and have fully
preserved both the external material form and the
internal content and structural construction. Term-
barbarisms are significantly foreign elements for the
language, and their use in the language is considered a
negative phenomenon for the language. In the course
of our analysis, it became clear that a large part of the
terminology of distance education consists of English
language or term-barbarisms borrowed from other
languages through it. For example,
E-learning, D-
learning, M-learning, B-learning, Zoom, Skype, Cisco
Webex, Google Classroom, Forum, Chat, Claroline, D2L,
Wiki, Microsoft Teams, Edgenuity.
Also, modern
educational platforms -
Moodle Free
,
iSpring platform
for corporate sectors,
LMS WebTutor platform
,
Teachbase Cloud-based
training platform,
GetCourse
info
-
businessmen platform, Memberlux platform for
WordPress
, module system training names of training
modules
Forums, Materials, Messenger, Chat, Exercises,
Group work, Student tracking,
etc., the lexicon of
industry representatives is used in this case. Most of
them are considered abbreviations and are currently
actively used in the lexicon of the field:
LMS
Learning Management Systems
Virtual
ta’lim
jarayonini
boshqaruvchi tizimlar
CMS
Content Management Systems
Ichki kontentni boshqaruvchi
tizimlar
LCMS
Learning Content Management
System
O‘quv kontentini boshqarish
tizimi
MLE
Managed Learning Environment
Boshqaruvchan ta’lim muhiti
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Publisher:
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LSS
Learning Support System
O‘quv
jarayonini
qo‘llab-
quvvatlash tizimi
LP
Learning Platform
O‘quv jarayoni platformasi
VLE
Virtual Learning Environments
Virtual o‘quv jarayoni muhiti
HTML
Hyper Text Markup Languagе
Gipermatnni belgilash tili
HEMIS
Higher Education Management
Information System
Oliy
ta’lim
jarayonlarini
boshqarish axborot tizimi
GER
General Education Requirement
Umumta’lim fanlari, ijtimoiy-
gumanitar va tabiiy-ilmiy fanlar
GPA
Grade Point Average
Talabaning
o‘rtacha
o‘zlashtirish ko‘rsatkichi
MOODLE Modular
Object
Oriented
Dynamic Learning Environment
Veb muhitida o‘qitish va onlayn
rejimdagi
darslarni
tashkil
qiluvchi pedagogik dasturiy
majmua
SAT
Scholastic Altitude Test
Majburiy fanlar bo‘yicha test
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ZOOM
Zion originated outreach ministry
Sionlashgan targ'ibot xizmatini
SCORM
Sharable Content Object
Reference Model
Berilgan obektdan hamkorlikda
foydalanish namunaviy modeli
CONCLUSION
Today, English acquisitions have spread rapidly not
only to the Uzbek language, but also to the educational
system of other languages of the world, in particular,
the terminology of distance education. Most of these
borrowings are words that were borrowed from
ancient Latin into English, from English into Russian
with certain phonetic changes, and into Uzbek directly
from English or as an intermediary. language - entered
through the Russian language. Distance education
terminology is also an open and dynamic system that is
constantly
undergoing both
quantitative and
qualitative changes. It is a part of pedagogical
terminology, pedagogical terminology, by itself, serves
to enrich the terminological system of the language, at
the same time, to enrich education with new concepts,
to expand or narrow the scope of use of terms.
So, the rapid development of the field, information and
technical means of teaching, electronic teaching
devices, concepts related to teaching methods and
their names quickly enter the Uzbek education system,
and elements of foreign language are not filtered into
the language. - caused it to settle out of control. This
puts the modern Uzbek terminology in front of the
task of identifying the problems of term appropriation
and finding ways to eliminate it.
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