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ABSTRACT
The study of the history of the formation of lexical-semantic means of language in general and terminological
vocabulary in particular is of great scientific, theoretical, and practical importance. In connection with the intensive
development of all areas of modern knowledge, the problem of a comprehensive study of nominative terminological
systems is becoming increasingly urgent.
The problem of terms as a special lexical-semantic category of words, as well as the relationship of terminological
vocabulary with the rest of the vocabulary of the literary language, has not yet been sufficiently studied. In the study
of terms, two main approaches are outlined - normative and descriptive. The normative approach, within the
framework of which the basic requirements for the term were formulated (the author of the first of which was D.S.
Lotte - unambiguity, accuracy, brevity, absence of synonyms, etc.) made it possible to create state, industry and
international standards for terms and definitions, collections of recommended terms and terminological dictionaries.
KEYWORDS
World linguistics, Uzbek linguistics, Uzbek, English linguistics, terms, terminology, English terminology, Uzbek
terminology.
INTRODUCTION
Research Article
TERMINOLOGICAL ANALYSIS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LINGUISTICS
Submission Date:
October 02, 2023,
Accepted Date:
October 06, 2023,
Published Date:
October 11, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue10-04
Mokhichehra Kayumova
Lecturer, Karshi State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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Within the framework of the descriptive approach to
terms (these works began with the works of G. O.
Vinokur), it is argued that “any word can act as a term,
no matter how trivial it may be, and that terms are not
special words, but only words in a special function".
The difference between normative and descriptive
approaches to a term is that “if linguists approach a
term as something given, then terminologists
approach it as an object of conscious, purposeful
processing. Therefore, linguists talk about the
characteristics of a term, and terminologists talk about
the requirements for a term”. The descriptive
approach substantiates the linguistic nature of the
term.
THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
Resolving the antinomy between normative and
descriptive approaches to a term was possible within
the framework of a scientific discipline in which the
term is the main subject. This scientific discipline, called
terminology in the works of B.N. Golovin, is based on
linguistic research, including issues of the formation of
individual terminology systems.
The term is formed on the basis of a lexical unit of a
certain natural language; the lexical unit is the breeding
ground for the emergence of the term. Thus, “any term
has the phonetic appearance of a word or phrase of a
certain natural language” and its
“linguistic, lexical
basis is manifested in all aspects of the term: in its
phonemic, word-formation, content, and functional
structure”, therefore, the traditional opposition “a
term as a special word -
a commonly used word” seems
illegitimate, because terms and commonly used words
are connected not by relations of opposition, but by
relations of derivativeness. So the practical
identification of terms as words that denote, among
other names, special concepts of science, art,
technology, production, socio-economic life and are
ideally distinguished by accuracy and unambiguity,
seems quite natural.
In modern science, theoretical study of terminological
systems of various fields of knowledge, their
formation, development and implementation features
and laws is one of the priority directions of linguistic
research. Such serious attention to the development of
terminology issues is explained, on the one hand, by
the rapid development of science and the increase in
the number of new concepts that require new
designations in human practical activity, and on the
other hand, it is explained by insufficient knowledge of
science. processes of formation, development and
operation of terminology. Increased attention to
terminology, in addition to the factors listed, is
associated with the increased internationalization of
terms and the need to develop an adequate approach
to the study of this phenomenon.
The need to study network terminologies of the Uzbek
language that have been formed for a long time in the
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life of the people arises from the fact that the results
of such studies can provide valuable material about
their composition, lexical-semantic features. and can
contribute to the structural development of
terminological units and to solving some issues of
terminology.
In English terminology, there are many unsolved
problems related to the development of the
theoretical basis of the creation and development of
terminology, the definition of term boundaries, the
development of principles for the presentation of
terms and their interpretation in dictionaries.
In world linguistics, in particular, in Uzbek linguistics
today, Uzbek, English, Russian, Kazakh, Arabic, terms
in the field terminological systems of languages such as
Persian, Korean, and Chinese Research problems from
the point of view of cross-linguistics are the first is
gaining importance. Such problems are in the
information, language system rapid growth of
innovative processes, various on a large scale among
specialists who engage in communication in structured
languages
arising from the need and necessity of information
exchange. Interlingual information and the exchange
process depends on the nature and needs of the
mother tongue of each nation the authority of the
national language of any nation based on its
requirements and determined by the fact that it aims
to radically increase its position. In recent years in
world linguistics, especially in Uzbek linguistics,
English, Interest in studying Russian and Uzbek
languages is growing. For this reason English, Russian,
Uzbek language field terms linguistically within the
framework of languages research, creation of their
two-
and
three-language
terminological
and
explanatory dictionaries the time itself demands it. The
most important thing is the youth in New Uzbekistan
along with Uzbek, other foreign languages, especially
English and Russian its deeper study was raised to the
level of state policy and it received great attention is
being given. The relevance of this research topic is the
countries of the world and The development of
agriculture and water management in our republic is
due to him new approaches to the terminological
system by the need for comparative research.
The need to develop Uzbek terminology is determined
by the current state of the Ingush language, its
performance characteristics, the development and
expansion of its functions as the state language of the
Republic of Ingushetia, as well as the teaching of the
Ingush language. secondary specialized and higher
educational institutions, and accordingly, the need to
create textbooks and training manuals in the Ingush
language. It is natural that the development of such
issues is based on strict scientific principles, for this it is
necessary to summarize all the work done in this
regard, to assimilate the accumulated experience, to
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describe and analyze the current situation in detail.
linguistic terminology of the Ingush language. Uzbek
linguistic terminology has a relatively young history.
From the beginning of the 20s of the twentieth
century, its origin and formation began, and then the
process of its gradual formation into an independent
terminological
subsystem
began,
the
main
components of which were sufficiently formalized by
the middle of the development period. in logical-
conceptual and lexical-semantic aspects. Ingush
linguistic terminology as one of the most important
components of the lexical system of the Uzbek literary
language. The relevance of studying the linguistic
terminology of the English language is determined by
the theoretical and practical tasks of studying the
history of its formation, development and activity. The
linguistic terminology of the Ingush language in
general, in particular, the sources of filling, the
methods of forming terms, the structural and semantic
features of terms, their inter-systemic connections, the
laws of further development and improvement of this
terminological system have not been studied yet.
Special Studies in Ingush Linguistics.
The relevance of this research work is determined by
the need to regulate linguistic terms, as well as the fact
that the scientific development of terminology
problems, including the formation of linguistic terms of
the Ingush language, requires the creation of a
theoretical basis. methodological methods of analysis
that allow to present the system of linguistic
terminology in an integrated form and to identify
general trends in the development of terminological
units in the modern Ingush dictionary.
There is no generally recognized scientific classification
of linguistic terms in Uzbek and English linguistics,
which determines the need for conceptual-semantic
organization of the system of Ingush linguistic terms
and a deep study of thematic differentiation.
Comprehensive linguistic research of linguistic
terminology in derivational, functional and lexical
aspects serves to further clarify the place of this
terminological dictionary in the system of the Ingush
language.
The purpose of the ongoing research is to
systematically comprehensively study the linguistic
term system of the Ingush language in a broad
scientific context, to analyze the stages and ways of its
formation and development, and to describe the
current
state
of
terminological
units.
their
composition, structure and typological characteristics.
We found it permissible to analyze the concept of this
terminology as follows: Phonetics is the study of the
physical sounds of human speech, including their
production, transmission, and perception. Phonology
is the study of the sound patterns and systems of a
particular language or languages. Morphology is the
study of the structure and formation of words,
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including how words are formed from smaller units
called morphemes. Syntax is the study of how words
are combined to form grammatically correct sentences
and phrases in a language. Semantics is the study of
meaning in language, including how words and
sentences convey meaning and how meaning can vary
in different contexts. Pragmatics is the study of how
context influences the interpretation and use of
language, including the social and cultural aspects of
communication.mSociolinguistics is the study of how
language varies and changes in different social groups
and contexts, including factors such as dialects,
accents, and language attitudes. Psycholinguistics is
the study of how language is processed and produced
in the human brain, including topics such as language
acquisition and comprehension. Discourse analysis is
the study of how language is used in larger units of
communication, such as conversations, narratives, and
written texts. Pragmatic markers are words or phrases
that are used to indicate attitudes, intentions, or other
pragmatic meanings in conversation, such as "well,"
"you know," or "actually. Sociolinguistic variables are
linguistic features that vary systematically according to
social factors, such as age, gender, or social class.
Language acquisition is the process by which
individuals acquire their first language or additional
languages, typically during childhood. A speech act is
an action performed through speech, such as making a
request, giving an order, or making a promise. A
discourse marker is a word or phrase that helps
organize and structure discourse, such as "however,"
"therefore," or "for example." Linguistic relativity is
the idea that the structure and vocabulary of a
language can influence the way speakers perceive and
think about the world.
Modern linguist scientist M.Nizomova thinks about the
term like this: “Although the work of regulating the
terms related to the field of pedagogy in world
linguistics was carried out within the framework of
different systematic languages, to this day the terms of
this field are one of the world languages according to
our national language - Uzbek. Their structural-
semantic, lexicographical and translational problems
have not yet been sufficiently resolved in comparison
with the English language source. In particular, the
criteria for regulating terms related to the field of
pedagogy have not been developed. In this sense,
proposals are made for determining the structural and
semantic models of terms, analyzing and researching
the processes of stabilization of international and
native units in national languages, improving
translation methods, regulating and standardizing the
cases of synonymy (variantity), polysemy and
homonymy in these terms”.
We believe that the following tasks should be solved in
accordance with the goal:
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a) consideration of theoretical issues related to
definition of term, term, term system in modern
linguistics;
b) clarifying the conceptual and terminological
apparatus necessary for determining the most
appropriate approaches to solving these problems and
researching the topic;
v) to analyze the characteristics of the formation and
development of Ingush linguistic terminology in
different periods of the history of the development of
the English and Uzbek literary languages;
d) to determine the main sources and methods of
forming linguistic terms, to determine the level of
productivity of the methods of forming terms;
e)
analysis
of
typological
characteristics
of
terminological units related to the science of
"Linguistics", its structural structure, structural
connections and relationships between structural
elements;
f) based on the determined linguistic features of the
studied term units, make their classification - thematic,
genetic, word formation, structural-grammatical and
lexical-semantic;
g) to determine the essence of category-species
relations and to present a classification scheme of
hyper-hyponymic relations of linguistic terms;
z) development and creation of a unified dictionary of
linguistic terms of the Ingush language as part of
preparation for the publication of a special dictionary.
Our goals are as follows:
- a systematic comprehensive analysis of the linguistic
terminology of English and Uzbek is presented;
- the history of formation of linguistic terminology was
studied, the main periods of formation and
development were defined;
- the sources of formation of this terminological
system, methods of filling were determined and the
main directions of its development were determined;
- lexical-semantic and structural-grammatical features
of terminological units are described.
Therefore, this study covers not only special terms in
the narrow sense of the word, but also specific
everyday vocabulary.The names of concrete everyday
phenomena are partially close to terms, since they are
precise, stylistically neutral names of one of a number
of similar concrete phenomena (names of clothing,
utensils, type of housing, etc.). However, their
distinctive feature is their general intelligibility and
widespread use.
M.Nizomova “Terms related to pedagogy are
becoming richer and undergoing changes due to the
updating and development of technologies in the field
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of pedagogy. Development of proposals and
recommendations on such problems creates an
opportunity for in-depth research of not only
terminology but also the comparative-comparative
system in linguistics on a scientific basis”.
CONCLUSION
Thus, various term systems of the English and Uzbek
languages are formed and replenished by specializing
in common vocabulary through the development of
the semantic content of its components. Terms that
arose in this way constitute a significant part of any
terminology.
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